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• INTEGRATING THE METACOGNITIVE FUNNEL AND STRATEGIC ANNOTATION TO ENHANCE ACADEMIC READING IN HIGHER EDUCATION

  Luiza Marabyan, Alina Petrosyan

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  Abstract

  Reading comprehension in higher education is still largely viewed through a limited lens emphasizing merely decoding and recall of content, while often overlooking the role of the metacognitive and reflective processes necessary for deep understanding. This study presents and examines an integrated approach, the metacognitive funnel and strategic annotation, aimed at developing more active and critical reading practices among undergraduates. Guided by socio-constructivist and metacognitive theory, the study investigates how a structured recursive sequence of predicting, monitoring, clarifying and reflecting combined with annotation strategies alters or enhances students' comprehension and cognitive engagement with academic texts. A qualitative case study was carried out with bachelor’s students at the European University of Armenia employing think-aloud protocols along with guided reading sessions and reflective interviews. The findings demonstrate how the metacognitive funnel allowed students to engage with texts purposefully, recognize conceptual deficiency and perform a far deeper analysis of those texts. Annotations were not conceived as mere supports but proved to be meaning-making processes alongside metacognitive awareness. Moreover, the study focuses on strategic reading obstacles and suggests the teaching approaches for embedding metacognition in the university curriculum. The research offers both a theoretical and practical approach by highlighting a transferable model for enhancing learner autonomy, academic literacy and reflective practice. Such an approach calls for a shift in paradigm from comprehension-as-recall to comprehension-as-construction in order to emphasize the fact that readers should be trained not just to comprehend texts, but to interrogate them actively.

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