Scientific Bulletin "Modern Psychology" is an academic journal of the Faculty of Philosophy and Psychology of Yerevan State University. The bulletin aims to promote research in the study of psychological science, focusing on the main pillars of the field of psychology and interdisciplinary sciences.
Yerevan State University Publishing House
THE EFFECTS OF ARMED CONFLICT CONDITIONS ON PERSONALITY ADAPTATION MECHANISMS: A REGRESSION ANALYSIS
This article examines the influence of the psychological conditions of prolonged armed conflict on personality adaptation mechanisms among civilians under direct and indirect conflict exposure. The relevance of the study is determined by the insufficient understanding of adaptation among individuals for whom the threat has not ended, as well as by the limitations of PTSD-oriented models in describing conditions of ongoing traumatization. The theoretical framework of the study is the concept of continuous traumatic stress (CTS), within which armed conflict is considered as a prolonged context of civilian life that includes both conditions of continuing threat and specific responses to them. The aim of the study is to identify how conflict-related conditions influence defense mechanisms and coping strategies through internal personality factors in groups exposed to the conflict directly and indirectly. The empirical part of the study was conducted within a quasi-experimental comparative design with two naturally formed groups. The model was tested using mediation regression analysis in PROCESS v4.2 for SPSS; dominant states and world assumptions were examined as mediators. The results showed that the influence of conflict-related conditions on adaptive mechanisms is predominantly mediated and is more often realized through specific indirect pathways. In the direct exposure group, stronger associations were found with CTS factors and dominant states, reflecting the burden on mental state and the depletion of resources. In the indirect exposure group, protective factors and world assumptions became more important, especially assumptions about the benevolence and justice of the world. The findings support the theoretical model of a unified protective-regulatory system of personality adaptation under CTS and demonstrate differences in adaptation profiles under direct and indirect armed conflict exposure.
Copyright (c) 2026 Anastasiia Shumarova https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
THE INVESTIGATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIVIDUAL SUBJECTIVE WELL-BEING AND POLITICAL TRUST
This article examines the relationship between individual subjective well-being and political trust in the pre-electoral period of the 2026 parliamentary elections in the Republic of Armenia. The study is grounded in social-psychological and political science approaches, particularly within the framework of social capital theory, where trust is considered an important factor of social cohesion and institutional stability. The main objective of the research is to identify the relationship between subjective well-being and political trust, as well as to determine whether subjective well-being can serve as a determining factor of political trust. The research objectives include the examination of subjective well-being across different socio-demographic groups and the analysis of its relationship with political trust. A quantitative research methodology was applied. The sample consisted of 214 respondents. Data were collected using the “Subjective Well-Being Assessment Methodology” and a localized version of Rotter’s Interpersonal Trust Scale for measuring political trust. Data analysis was conducted using Student’s t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and regression statistical methods. The results show that subjective well-being demonstrates statistically significant differences across gender, educational level, with higher levels observed among individuals with higher education. Correlation analysis revealed a positive and significant relationship between subjective well-being and political trust (r = 0.395, p < 0.01). The regression model confirmed that subjective well-being significantly determines political trust (R² = 0.186), particularly through its affective and cognitive components. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that political trust is influenced not only by socio-political factors but also by psychological factors, particularly subjective well-being. The relevance of the study lies in the empirical identification of the relationship between subjective well-being and political trust within the context of parliamentary elections in Armenia.
Copyright (c) 2026 Hasmik Sargsyan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS DETERMINING PROFESSIONAL BURNOUT OF THE INDIVIDUAL
This article is devoted to the theoretical analysis of the psychological factors determining an individual’s professional burnout. Within the framework of the article, the main theoretical approaches to professional burnout are examined, emphasizing its multidimensional nature, stage-based development, and specific manifestations. The method of comparative analysis was applied, through which the key provisions of the approaches to professional burnout were identified, as well as the similarities and differences in the authors’ views regarding the structure of burnout and the factors determining it. The analysis demonstrated that the recurrence of psychological factors of professional burnout is high across different theoretical approaches, which indicates their fundamental role in the formation of burnout syndrome. The psychological factors of professional burnout identified include motivation, coping strategies, self-efficacy, emotional regulation, and stress resistance. One of the most frequently occurring factors is motivation. The results make it possible to systematize the existing theoretical approaches and to develop an integrated model of professional burnout as a multifactorial and multilevel phenomenon. The proposed model may serve as a theoretical basis for the development of professional burnout prevention programs.
Copyright (c) 2026 Anahit Verdyan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
ON METAMORPHOSIS: EXPERIENCING AND EMBODIMENT. SOME REMARKS ON PROCESS-ORIENTATION IN COUNSELLING, COACHING AND PSYCHOTHERAPY
<span lang="DE" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Sylfaen',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: black; mso-style-textoutline-type: none; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dpiwidth: 1.0pt; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-linecap: flat; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-join: miter; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-pctmiterlimit: 400.0%; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dash: solid; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-align: center; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-compound: simple; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">This paper explores the interplay of interaction, change, and stability in personal and organizational contexts, emphasizing the importance of relationship and embodiment in facilitating change from the vantage point of humanistic psychology. Individual transformation labelled as metamorphosis is transposing the state of being as second-order change in comparison to alter states as first-order change. A focus on epistemology in psychology is needed <span lang="DE" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Sylfaen',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: #001d35; mso-style-textoutline-type: none; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dpiwidth: 1.0pt; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-linecap: flat; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-join: miter; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-pctmiterlimit: 400.0%; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dash: solid; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-align: center; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-compound: simple; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">how we come to knowledge regarding human behaviour, mental and experiential processes<span lang="DE" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Sylfaen',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: black; mso-style-textoutline-type: none; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dpiwidth: 1.0pt; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-linecap: flat; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-join: miter; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-pctmiterlimit: 400.0%; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-dash: solid; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-align: center; mso-style-textoutline-outlinestyle-compound: simple; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">. Thus it embrace the foundations of psychology as a science, paying attention to what constitutes valid evidence beyond common sense rationalism in order to investigate a new understanding of human behaviour. Here the contribution of Gregory Bateson (1904-1980) is delivering an access path towards the unfamiliar realms for someone trying to understand the complexity of human behaviour. The groundbreaking work of Paul Watzlawick et al (2011) in their book ‘Pragmatics of human Behaviour’ can be viewed a substantial ‘game changer’ related to a creative thinking in theoretic and applied psychology. A long-standing collaboration between Carl Rogers and Eugene Gendlin at the University of Chicago paved the way for the foundation of the Person-centred and experiential-oriented approach in the the field of counselling, coaching and psychotherapy. The core issues and observations here are focusing on two crucial processes in relating to an alter ego: ‘I-you' (Rogers 1959) and ’I-me’ (1962) regarding personal development and therapeutic change. This is widely known as ‘First-person approach’, which encompass a systemic-oriented and experiential-oriented personal inquiry into one’s own consciously accessible experience in private and professional life. A further crucial point in that undertaking might be as well a thoughtful study of Eugene Gendlin’s ‘Process Model’ (1997) and ’Philosophy of the Implicit’ (2017).
Copyright (c) 2026 Haik Petrossian https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
METHODOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK FOR ASSESSING PSYCHOLOGICAL RESOURCES IN ADOLESCENT SOCIALIZATION
This theoretical review examines the role of resilience, self-efficacy, hope, determination, optimism, hardiness, and conformity in the formation of adolescent social adaptation and identity. Drawing on contemporary empirical research, the article argues that these constructs function as key psychological resources, facilitating adaptive coping, enhancing social competence, and improving psychological well-being. Conformity is viewed as a dual-factor mechanism that supports integration into social groups but simultaneously creates potential risks for maladaptive behavior under the negative influence of peers. The findings highlight the importance of developing these psychological characteristics in educational and developmental programs aimed at supporting the successful integration of adolescents into society. This review proposes an integrative framework in which personal resources, motivational factors, and social-regulatory mechanisms dynamically interact to determine socialization outcomes. The analysis emphasizes the importance of substantiating the methodological aspects of assessing the role of psychological resources in adolescents. The summary allowed us to identify and present validated psychological tools for assessing the discussed adolescent personality constructs.
Copyright (c) 2026 Emma Sargsyan, Hrant Avanesyan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
DYNAMICS OF LEGITIMIZED AGGRESSION AND VALUE ORIENTATIONS IN YOUNG PEOPLE
The article presents the results of an analysis of the dynamics of legitimized aggression expressions and value orientations in young people. Materials and methods: 255 people participated in the study (143 people in 2006 and 112 people in 2024). Legitimized Aggression Questionnaire; Schwartz Portrait Value Questionnaire (PVQ-RR), and Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ) were used. In the 2024 sample SCL-909R and the Constructive Thinking Inventory CTI were additionally administered. Results: the aggression and hostility scores according to the Buss-Perry questionnaire did not change statistically. Legitimized aggression generally shows a decreasing trend (both the total score and the subscale scores) (with the exception of "legitimized aggression in the media," which increased, and the "legitimized aggression in sports" subscale, which remained unchanged). Young people demonstrate a decrease in the value of «conformity», but an increase in the general scales (and subscales) for the values of «openness to change», «Self-Enhancement», and «Self-Transcendence». Correlations were demonstrated between the overall level of legitimized aggression and levels of «esoteric» and «categorical thinking», as well as a connection between all subscales of legitimized aggression and levels of hostility, anger, and physical aggression (Bass-Perry). Legitimized aggression was also shown to be associated with the presence of symptoms such as hostility, paranoia, and psychoticism (SCL-90R), as well as with the value of adherence to traditions. Conclusions: the changing value profile and level of legitimization of various forms of aggression among young people is linked to the influence of a more general factor, determined by changing social attitudes. One way to manifest aggression within the legitimate sphere may be through the value of "tradition," as well as categorical thinking and belief in esoteric theories.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sergey Enikolopov, Tatiana Medvedeva, Svetlana Kuznetsova , Oksana Vorontsova, Olga Boyko https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
BEHAVIORAL TRIGGERS AS A TOOL FOR ASSESSING AND MONITORING CUMULATIVE STRESS AMONG FORCIBLY DISPLACED PERSONS
This article introduces an innovative methodological approach to assessing the mental health of forcibly displaced persons (FDPs) by observing behavioral triggers. The empirical data were derived from 13 cycles of intervention training programs ($N > 350$), including individuals displaced from Nagorno-Karabakh. We sought to substantiate the necessity for real-time monitoring of cumulative stress, noting that standardized questionnaires often trigger participants' psychological defense mechanisms, leading to resistance. The findings reveal significant age and gender-based disparities: women predominantly exhibit expressive-verbal reactions, while men manifest repressive-non-verbal responses. As a practical framework for clinical and socio-psychological support, the "Behavioral Indicators Map" (BIM) is proposed.
Copyright (c) 2026 Vitya Yaramishyan, Aram Melkonyan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
THE SILENT STRUGGLE: THE IMPACT OF POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER (PTSD) ON THE SOCIAL INTEGRATION OF LEBANESE REFUGEES IN DANISH SOCIETY
This study examines how Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is associated with social integration experiences among Lebanese refugees living in Denmark. The research adopts a qualitative exploratory design based on semi-structured interviews with 50 participants, including a small subgroup of Armenian-Lebanese individuals. The analysis is guided by Ager and Strang’s (2008) framework, which conceptualises social integration as a multidimensional process encompassing structural, social, linguistic, and cultural dimensions. The findings indicate that PTSD-related cognitive and emotional difficulties may be associated with variations in participants’ engagement in language learning, employment, and social participation. These experiences are situated within broader structural conditions, including labour market access, institutional frameworks, immigration policies, and perceived discrimination, which together appear to shape integration trajectories. The results further suggest that social integration is shaped through the interaction of psychological, social, and structural factors rather than through any single determinant. Family relationships and wider social networks are identified as important sources of support and resilience; however, their availability and impact vary across individuals and contexts. The study is exploratory in nature and does not establish causal relationships. Instead, it provides context-sensitive insights into how trauma-related experiences and structural conditions may interact in shaping the lived experiences of integration among refugees. The findings contribute to trauma-informed and structurally aware approaches to refugee integration and support policy development aimed at improving social inclusion.
Copyright (c) 2026 Kourosh Gharagozlou https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
PSYCHOLOGICAL PROFILES OF STUDENTS MAJORING IN HUMANITIES: CLUSTER ANALYSIS
In this study, we define the psychological profiles (PP) of students in the humanities (SHF) of Armenia and Germany. The objective of this work is to empirically identify stable clusters that differ in the degree of anxiety, self-esteem and motivation of students. The hypothesis of the study is that in the Armenian and German samples of SHF there are clusters that differ in the stability of the emotional background, expressed anxiety and motivational types. The study involved 600 SHF (300 from Armenia, 300 from Germany); the average age in Armenia was 23 years, in Germany - 32 years. The STAI, Budassi S.A. and the academic motivation technique of Gordeeva L.G. and Osin E.N. were used. The data were processed using the methods of correlation, variance and cluster analysis. The results of the study showed that SHF of Armenia are dominated by a high level of anxiety, while SHF of Germany are more characterized by extrinsic motivation. Cluster analysis identified four stable PPs: emotionally stable, flexibly motivated, anxious-dependent, and uncertain-contradictory. The findings confirm the relationship between anxiety, self-esteem, and motivation, as well as the importance of intrinsic motivation for successful adaptation of the SHF.
Copyright (c) 2025 Violeta Mosinyan-Meier, Hrant Avanesyn https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
FORMALIZED HANDWRITING ANALYSIS AS A COMPLEMENTARY TOOL IN FORENSIC PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT
Forensic psychological assessment demands a comprehensive, scientifically grounded approach capable of capturing both explicit behavior and implicit psychological dynamics. This article explores the role of formalized handwriting analysis as a structured projective method that complements traditional tools within a multimodal forensic framework. The approach relies on standardized definitions, measurable handwriting parameters, and statistical modeling to translate observable motor patterns into psychologically meaningful indicators. By focusing on measurable or at least quantitatively assessed handwriting features, such as spatial layout, pressure, speed, form, rhythm, and variability, the method provides access to implicit emotional and cognitive dynamics that are often inaccessible through self-report or structured testing. Its unobtrusive and natural character makes it particularly effective in forensic contexts, where examinees may consciously attempt to regulate or distort self-presentation. Although empirical validation remains an ongoing process, each application contributes to the refinement and confirmation of model reliability. Case-based analyses demonstrate that handwriting indicators can align meaningfully with expert psychological judgments and behavioral observations, while occasional discrepancies help refine interpretation and promote diagnostic caution. Through methodological triangulation, this approach supports the integration of implicit and explicit data, enhancing both the depth and the objectivity of forensic conclusions. Formalized handwriting analysis, when applied within a multimethod design, supported by AI-methods and interpreted by qualified professionals, offers an additional layer of insight into personality structure and behavioral regulation. Its systematic and transparent use reinforces the scientific validity and legal defensibility of expert psychological evaluations, contributing to more comprehensive and credible forensic assessments.
Copyright (c) 2025 Yury Chernov, Ruben Aghuzumtsyan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
THE IMPACT OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL ADAPTATION AND SOCIAL INTEGRATION OF OLDER ADULTS: A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS
In contemporary digital society the psychological well-being and social integration of older adults are increasingly connected to their attitudes toward digital technologies and their skills in using them. This study aims to analyze the psychological impact of digital technologies on individuals aged 65 and above, focusing on psychological adaptation, social health, and cognitive functions. The study was conducted in 2024-2025, involving 150 participants aged 65-85 years. Results indicate that active use of digital technologies can have both positive and negative psychological consequences, depending on the intensity of use, motivations, and level of social support. Key findings show that moderate use contributes to maintaining cognitive activity and strengthening social connections, while excessive or uncontrolled use can lead to stress, anxiety, and social isolation.
Copyright (c) 2025 Anna Nadoyan, Anahit Stepanyan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
THE INFLUENCE OF ESG METRICS ON INVESTOR BEHAVIOR AND DECISION-MAKING PROCESS THROUGH THE LENS OF MENTAL HEURISTICS
Investor decision-making is often shaped by research of a range of financial and non-financial parameters of the investee company for predicting investment profitability, understanding future risks and challenges associated with the product or market as a whole, creating a mental image/profile of the company with its advantages and disadvantages. Psychological research from the 1970s and on allowed us to conceptualize real-world decision-making (DM), understand the limitations of human information processing and the influence of personal cognitive, emotional features bounding our rationality, yet allowing us to make optimal decisions. The research gave us an understanding of cognitive mechanisms of heuristics and biases, which somewhat simplify the complex informational flow and optimize the process of mental analysis, yet can create some systematic errors or skewed perceptions of the situation or a sense of overconfidence. This study explores how ethical considerations function as heuristics in guiding investment behavior, particularly in the context of ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) performance. Drawing from behavioral finance theory, we hypothesize that ethical reputation acts as a cue that influences perceived trustworthiness, and depending on the intentions of the investor (fast gain or slow grow) can affect their decisions differently. Using a sample of 37 investors, we conducted a mixed-methods study combining decision-making and mental heuristics profile and personal DM factors with the self-perceived effectiveness of investment behavior and proneness to consider ESG metrics. The results demonstrate that long-term investors systematically utilize ESG data and, through the lens of heuristics and biases (the interconnection yet to be researched), impact DM. Ye,t considering ESG metrics important, the investors did not necessarily perform ESG information-seeking behavior. These findings highlight the intersection between ethics and cognitive processing in financial contexts. Ethical cues appear to serve as intuitive filters in investment judgments, suggesting that proper ESG reporting and communication may significantly shape market behavior through psychological channels.
Copyright (c) 2025 Arevik Heboyan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
MOTIVES OF CONSUMER BEHAVIOR AMONG ARMENIAN YOUNG ADULTS
The article discusses the results of the research of Armenian young adults’ motives of consumer behavior. The process of developing a questionnaire for identifying consumer motives is presented. The peculiarities of consumer motives’ expression among young people are analyzed and interpreted. According to the study, the consumer behavior of young adults is primarily directed by internally oriented motives. Though, in consumption situations externally oriented motives are less involved in the behavior.
Copyright (c) 2025 L.S. Sargsyan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
THE PSYCHO-EMOTIVE EFFECTS OF AI-GENERATED FAKE NEWS ON SOCIAL MEDIA USERS
The mass spread of AI-generated fake news on social media platforms has become a challenging issue for users' mental health, societal trust, and behavioral patterns. While social media serves as powerful platform for mass communication, it also accelerates widespread dissemination of misinformation, especially with the help of AI-powered technologies, which are capable of generating and circulating fake news on an unprecedented scale on a daily basis. This study makes an attempt to examine the psycho-emotive effects of AI-generated fake news on social media users, focusing on the emotional responses, cognitive processes, and behavioral changes triggered by exposure to such content. A mixed-methods approach has been employed to collect data from social media users. The findings illustrate that AI-generated fake news can evoke feelings of anxiety, mistrust, and confusion, leading to decreased self-esteem, social withdrawal, and diminished trust in social institutions. Moreover, the findings clearly indicate that individuals with lower critical thinking skills are more susceptible to the negative psycho-emotive effects of AI-generated fake news. The study's outcomes highlight the need for developing strategies for suspending the spread of AI-generated fake news and promoting media literacy, critical thinking, and emotional resilience among social media users with different linguistic and cultural backgrounds.
Copyright (c) 2026 Gevorg Grigoryan, Salah Eddine Salmi, Ning Huichun, Jingjing Shi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
THE ROLE OF FAMILY ENVIRONMENT IN PREDICTING ACCULTURATION STRATEGIES
Family environment, particularly family dynamics, plays a crucial role in shaping individuals’ self-concepts, which in turn influence the development of their ethnic identity. Ethnic identity can affect how immigrants perceive both their heritage culture and the host culture. If individuals relate positively to their family, they are more likely to value their family culture, while negative family experiences may result in the rejection of their family culture. These familial experiences can also extend to influence interpersonal relationships outside of the family. A positive identification with one’s own culture is often associated with more positive interactions with other cultures. This study revisits primary archival data on family environment and acculturation, providing a reinterpretation of the results through the lens of an updated literature review. It is hypothesized that the family environment can influence acculturation strategies such that more positive experiences lead to more positive acculturation strategies, and conversely, negative experiences may lead to more negative acculturation experiences. Analysis of the data partially supports these hypotheses, indicating that participants who reported more conflictual experiences with their family tended to reject their family heritage culture and adopt more stressful acculturation strategies, such as the marginalization strategy. However, a positive family environment was not a significant predictor of acculturation strategies. Additionally, age and years residing in the U.S. were examined as control variables. The discussion explores the implications of the findings in the areas of individual and family therapy.
Copyright (c) 2025 George Gharibian https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
THE PSYCHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SOCIAL NEUROTICISM
Research of neuroticism nowadays increasingly touches upon the social aspect of psychological sciences. The level of expression of neuroticism affects not only a person’s well-being but also has a certain influence on an individual's self-esteem, ability to freely communicate, and self-realization in society. In this article the problem of neuroticism is considered from the social-psychological point of view, special attention is paid to the manifestation of social neuroticism among immigrants, with special importance on research on social neuroticism in conditions of change of social environment and adaptation to new social conditions is emphasized. It was found that among immigrants, the level of neuroticism correlates with the level of satisfaction with the profession and has certain gender differences in the intensity of correlations. Negative correlations were found between the degree of professional satisfaction and low self-esteem in the group of men (-799**), depression in the groups of men (-869**) and women (-797***). The practical significance of the work also lies in the social significance of the study, the results of which can be supplemented by studies on the characteristics and manifestation of social neuroticism among various age groups of immigrants and other social groups in society.
Copyright (c) 2025 Rafik Petrosyan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
THEORETICAL CONCEPTS OF DETERMINATION OF PSYCHOSOMATIC DISORDERS: FROM THEORY TO PRACTICE
In recent years, the number of patients suffering from psychosomatic disorders has sharply increased, as evidenced by both doctors, psychologists and psychotherapists. Psychosomatic disorders are complex and multifaceted phenomena, which are based on both psychological and somatic processes. Historically, various researchers have proposed many models and concepts in an attempt to explain the relationship between mental states and physical symptoms. So, for example, in the 5th century BC, Socrates argued that there is no physical illness separate from the mental, and Plato said: “A big mistake is made where physical and mental illnesses are treated by different doctors. After all, the body is inseparable from the soul.” Hippocrates considered illness not a punishment from the gods, but a violation of hygiene rules, the result of an incorrect lifestyle and environmental conditions. If doctors believe that the causes of the disease are factors such as genetics, viruses, bacteria and other biological factors, psychotherapists assign an important role to psychological factors: a person’s lifestyle, his experiences, psycho-emotional state. The purpose of this article is to study psychological factors in the formation and occurrence of psychosomatic disorders. Key psychoanalytic, characterological, neurophysiological, and integrative theories that have helped lay the foundations for understanding psychosomatic disorders are reviewed.
Copyright (c) 2025 Vanane Mirzoyan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
THE IMPACT OF PERSONAL MATURITY ON FAMILY STABILITY
This article discusses the impact of psychological traits and personal maturity on family stability. The family, being the most significant institution in society, is where a person’s identity is formed and developed. The influence of the family on the development of personal identity is immense, especially in the context of communication dynamics and parenting styles, which shape individual behavior, emotional health, and psychological well-being. These, in turn, are crucial factors for forming a stable and strong family. Family stability is greatly influenced by the social environment, economic factors, and the cultural characteristics of society. A key role in building harmonious and stable family relationships is played by personal maturity, which is a lifelong, ongoing process of self-development. One component of personal maturity is considered to be a person's ability to form and live within a family. Many psychologists argue that family stability, as a problem, depends on the ability to overcome cohabitation challenges, and in this context, the issue of individual maturity is often overlooked. There arises a need to determine how personal maturity and family relationships are interconnected and what patterns they follow. A study was conducted on the psychological maturity and personal traits of individuals who have been married for a long time and those who are divorced. This research made it possible to identify key components of personal maturity that affect family stability. The article also addresses the development of criteria for personal maturity across various scientific and psychological approaches. It presents several theoretical perspectives on family and personal maturity and offers a comparative analysis of contemporary approaches. The study reveals that married individuals demonstrate a higher level of goal orientation, characterized by a stable, conscious, and consistent pursuit of desired outcomes. Goal orientation encompasses the ability to set objectives, plan their achievement, and overcome both internal and external obstacles. This trait is closely linked to the perception of life’s meaning and reflects an individual’s psychological maturity. Additionally, the research identifies lower levels of self-awareness among divorced participants. Since self-awareness—formed through reflection on one’s behavior and experiences—is a key indicator of personal maturity, its development may play a crucial role in maintaining family stability. Overall, the findings suggest that traits associated with personal maturity significantly influence the sustainability of marital relationships and can be further developed. These results open avenues for future research into the psychological factors that contribute to the preservation or dissolution of family bonds. The observed trends resulting from the study may indicate the presence of certain personal characteristics that can influence the stability of marital relationships. The research will contribute to the formation of approaches aimed at developing personal factors that support family stability.
Copyright (c) 2025 Anna Aleksanyan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
THE ROLE OF WRESTLERS INDIVIDUAL PSYCHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTIC IN COMPETITIVE ACTIVITY
The article examines the role of individual psychological characteristics of wrestlers in their competitive performance. The study involved 45 Greco-Roman and freestyle wrestlers (aged 18-32), divided into three groups based on their qualification level. Using standardized psychological assessment tools, the research revealed significant differences in emotional stability, self-control, anxiety, aggression management, and motivational orientation between highly qualified and novice wrestlers. The results showed that highly qualified wrestlers demonstrate higher levels of emotional stability, courage, and self-control, along with lower levels of anxiety and tension. They predominantly display instrumental aggression as a means of gaining competitive advantage, while beginners show more reactive aggression. The ratio of achievement motivation to failure avoidance motivation also differs significantly between qualification groups. Correlation analysis confirmed significant relationships between psychological characteristics and competitive performance indicators. The findings can be used to develop individualized psychological preparation programs for wrestlers, taking into account their personal characteristics, with special attention to emotional stability, self-control, aggression management, and optimization of motivational orientation.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ira Poghosyan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
UNDERSTANDING MARKET NARRATIVES: AN INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACH TO IDENTIFICATION AND ANALYSIS
Market narratives - collectively shared stories and economic discourses - significantly influence investor behavior, market sentiment, and asset pricing dynamics. The concept of narrative economics, pioneered by Robert Shiller, underscores the importance of understanding the propagation and impact of these narratives, particularly in today's digital era, where social media and digital news rapidly disseminate market stories. Despite the acknowledged importance, systematic identification and analysis of market narratives pose significant methodological challenges. Narratives are inherently subjective, dynamically evolving, and often embedded within large volumes of noisy textual data. This complexity complicates efforts to pinpoint narrative emergence, measure their influence on financial markets, and differentiate meaningful signals from market noise. This article addresses the critical challenges associated with the scientific identification and analysis of market narratives. We explore interdisciplinary methodologies, integrating insights from behavioral finance, natural language processing (NLP), and machine learning to offer robust frameworks for narrative detection and assessment. The study critically reviews and evaluates methods including Structural Vector Autoregressions (SVARs) with narrative restrictions, redescription mining, storytelling algorithms, narrative mapping, news clustering, and textual analysis. Using empirical case studies, particularly focused on Microsoft Corporation, the effectiveness of each technique is analyzed, highlighting their respective strengths and limitations. Our research proposes a hybrid analytical framework that combines news clustering, narrative mapping, and advanced NLP techniques for improved narrative coherence, enhanced thematic clarity, and effective sentiment analysis. By advancing the science of market storytelling, this approach provides investors, analysts, and policymakers with actionable insights, enhancing their ability to anticipate market shifts, manage financial risks, and maintain market stability.
Copyright (c) 2025 Davit Hayrapetyan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
CASHLESS SOCIETY: THE MAIN PSYCHOLOGICAL FEATURES
Banks worldwide provide applications that help customers manage money transfers and their financial affairs as cashless payment methods become more common. ArCa serves as the Republic of Armenia's unified payment system which enables most markets to accept non-cash transactions. Even though there is a worldwide movement to minimize cash transactions financial systems continue to heavily rely on cash. The research examines how age and employment status affect Armenians' payment practices and cash usage patterns. While earlier studies found no gender-based differences in payment preferences they showed older generations and specific demographics like rural inhabitants prefer cash payments. The study employed a questionnaire administered to roughly 300 participants who ranged in age from 18 to 58 and included both employed and unemployed individuals. The study results were evaluated against existing surveys that document payment behavior patterns. The research shows electronic payment methods are preferred to cash mainly by younger demographics which supports Rogers' innovation diffusion theory emphasizing attributes such as relative advantage and technological compatibility. Respondents aged 41 on average preferred cash payments while the youngest group with an average age between 26 to 30 opted for mobile payment apps for tasks like utility bill payments and phone charging because these payment systems seamlessly integrated with their smartphone usage. Employment status also influenced preferences: People without jobs who receive cash-based benefits like pensions tended to use cash whereas working people chose card payments. Respondents who preferred cash transactions demonstrated confidence in digital payment systems through their use of applications for paying utilities. The research illustrates Armenia's progress toward a cashless economy as payment behaviors evolve with age and employment alongside technology adoption provides valuable predictions about future payment system choices.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nvard Petrosyan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
SOCIAL-PSYCHOLOGICAL PREREQUISITES OF THE FORMATION OF ETHNIC IDENTITY AND MENTALITY OF THE INDIGENOUS ARMENIAN POPULATION OF ARTSAKH
The article discusses several psychological features in the formation of national identity, mentality, and core beliefs, using the example of Armenians from Artsakh. Based on research conducted with individuals born and living in Artsakh over the past three decades, it identifies the historically and culturally rooted factors that, according to the author, have a significant impact on the formation of national identity, national consciousness, and thought processes in times of crisis. As noted by Armenian and foreign researchers, since ancient times, the people of Karabakh have been known for their bravery, courage, resourcefulness, resilience, honesty, incorruptibility, and unwavering loyalty in their behavioral choices. Nature and history in Artsakh have shaped a community belonging to the Armenoid anthropological type, one that, spread throughout the world, can be easily recognized by its dynamism, self-sacrificing bravery, inclination toward courage, resilience that borders on tenacity, convictions that verge on stubbornness, and a patriarchal approach in family life. These admirable traits of the people of Artsakh seem to embody the ancient Armenian virtues. Passed down through generations, these human qualities have hardened and shaped the unique and distinctive character of the Armenian population of the region.
Copyright (c) 2024 Վիտյա Յարամիշյան https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
INVESTIGATION OF ASSESSMENT OF THE ATTITUDE OF STUDENTS TO A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE
The purpose of this article is to present to the professional community the level of knowledge of students about the protection and strengthening of health and their relationship to a healthy lifestyle (HL) determined by the questionnaire survey. This article presents the results of an empirical study conducted to assess students' attitudes towards a healthy lifestyle. The object of the study was: students’ ideas about the concepts of “health” and “healthy lifestyle”, and their attitude towards these phenomena. The study was conducted using a questionnaire survey, in which 67 students of the Armenian-Russian (Slavic) University took part. The completed questionnaire included 15 questions related to attitudes towards a healthy lifestyle. The questionnaire data were processed by generally accepted methods of mathematical statistics. Based on the above, the article presents the results of a study related to the level of value attitude of young people towards their own health and a healthy lifestyle. The conclusions of this research are related to the determination of the level of value attitude of the young generation to their own health, to a healthy way of life, to physical activity and the main assumptions related to it.
Copyright (c) 2024 Sahak Hovhannisyan, Armen Grigoryan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
FEATURES OF APPLICATION OF MACHINE LEARNING TOOLS FOR PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF CHILDREN'S DRAWINGS
The article presents an analysis of the features of the application of projective methods for testing the psychological state of children, as well as a pilot experiment on the implementation of machine learning tools for the psychological assessment of their drawings. These issues must be considered comprehensively, since most methods of psychological assessment and, in particular, projective technologies impose special requirements for reliability and validity, and also require special training and professional competence for their interpretation. The goal of the research project is to use digitized drawings created by internally displaced children of Nagorno-Karabakh as a tool to identify and assess their psychological state using machine learning methods. We believe that this approach can provide valuable insights into the mental well-being of children affected by the conflict and can serve as a diagnostic tool in times of economic and humanitarian crisis. The proposed feature extraction approach in psychological assessments identifies key visual elements such as object size, color, and spatial relationships that provide insight into emotional and cognitive states. Therefore, the application of machine learning techniques, and in particular feature extraction, classification, clustering, and the use of large language models (LLMs), offers a transformative approach to the psychological assessment of children's drawings. Using neural networks (NNs) for feature extraction, these models can automatically detect important visual elements such as line intensity, shape proportions, color use, and symbolic objects. This automated extraction reduces the subjectivity and variability associated with traditional manual interpretation, improving the accuracy and scalability of assessments. Furthermore, classification and clustering algorithms provide structured ways to group children's drawings based on similar psychological themes, allowing for more objective analysis.
Copyright (c) 2024 Hrachya Hovhannisyan, Hrant Avanesyan, Arman Babayan, Yenok Hakobyan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
ADAPTIVE MECHANISMS UNDER CONDITIONS OF CONSTANT EXPOSURE TO EXTREME STRESS IN THE CIVILIAN POPULATION
The article is dedicated to analyzing the adaptation of civilians under conditions of prolonged and continuous traumatic stress caused by armed conflicts. The relevance of this research stems from the fact that most existing studies focus on the adaptation of soldiers and veterans, leaving a significant gap in understanding how civilians cope with ongoing stress in conflict zones. The article reviews studies examining adaptation and resilience among the civilian population experiencing continuous stress. The literature review confirms that the duration of exposure to traumatic events is a crucial factor in determining the level of adaptation and resilience. It also highlights that prolonged exposure to extreme factors has a cumulative effect on mental well-being, increasing the risk of developing depression, anxiety disorders, and reducing resilience. The article emphasizes the lack of research dedicated to the adaptation of civilians and substantiates the need for further studies in this area. Such research will provide a deeper understanding of adaptation processes under long-term extreme conditions and facilitate the development of effective psychological support programs for civilians living in conflict zones.
Copyright (c) 2024 Anastasiia Shumarova https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
DEVELOPING THE THEORETICAL RESOURCE MODEL FOR REFUGEE STUDENT INTEGRATION
In 2023, more than 100,000 Artsakh residents were forced to leave their homes and were forcibly displaced to the Republic of Armenia. Adaptation of forcibly displaced people to a new environment and integration into society is one of the primary research issues facing us today. The process of adaptation and integration of Artsakh residents is endowed with a number of features, which are determined by a number of objective and subjective factors. Several conceptual models of refugee integration have been developed in science and practice. In this article, we discuss some key models. Taking into account that the forced displacement of Artsakh residents, unlike many existing examples, has some peculiarities, and also there are no universal models of integration of refugee students, we developed and proposed a resource-based model of integration of refugee students. In this model, we have identified personal and environmental factors that, breaking into the resource base of the refugee person, condition the efficiency of integration. Among personal factors, we consider two groups of factors. The first is the group of socio-economic and demographic factors. The second group of personal factors is psychological, in which we consider personal perceptions and evaluation of possible risks and dangers. Environmental factors include refugees' participation and citizenship and rights of a person. According to our proposed approach, these factors are reflected in the resource environment of the refugee personality. According to our approach, the core of a student’s resource environment is a person's time perspective and also we emphasize being in the educational process as the most important resource in the integration process. The next resource is a person's perception and assessment of their own level of well-being.
Copyright (c) 2024 Davit Hayrapetyan, Anna Hakobjanyan, Narine Mirzoyan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
EXPERT ASSESSMENT OF THE PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCIES OF THE RESCUERS
The professional work of rescuers is of crucial importance in emergency situations, where the efficiency of rescue operations and the safety of both rescuers and victims directly depend on their professional competences. The purpose of this investigation is to study the key professional qualities and skills that are necessary for the effective professional activity of rescuers. 28 experienced rescuers with 10 or more years of professional experience took part in the research. The expert survey method was used to study important professional qualities of rescuers. This method was applied using a questionnaire method.15 specific skills and qualities were extracted, which were gathered in groups of professional abilities, personal traits and social skills. According to the results, the most important characteristics for a successful rescue operation is a low level of anxiety, team leadership and management skills, physical training and endurance. The study also revealed personal qualities and social skills of rescuers’ profession, showing the importance of effective communication, leadership and teamwork. These results point out the issue of technical competencies giving priority to the development of personal and social skills at the same time. While hard skills can be acquired through training, the development of social skills and improvement of certain personal traits requires constant effort. Focusing on the development of interpersonal relationship, teamwork and stress management, organizations can improve the professionalism and effectiveness of their rescue teams.
Copyright (c) 2024 Karine Hakobyan, Lusine Stepanyan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
CHANGES IN SOCIAL-PSYCHOLOGICAL BASIS OF THE MODERN SOCIETY IN THE CONDITIONS OF DEMOCRACY
The article is about the society that appeared in this new social situation due to democracy, which is facing drastic changes and which brings with it not only the need for the restructuring of the society, the introduction and operation of new social institutions, but also the cultural, socio-psychological support of the society. need for change. Complex shifts in the social and spiritual life of society take place, which lead to a change in the socio-psychological basis of society and a transformation of human existence. These new democratic conditions, to a greater or lesser extent, also affect the nature and content of human relations, as well as the manifestation of behavior. Since civilization is based on the vital needs of a person, they are also an incentive to make human life more active. A democratic society becomes multi-faceted and alternative, and such a moral and psychological atmosphere is created, when a person not only does not feel cultural inferiority, but also becomes a being more adaptable to the new lifestyle and lifestyle. A person does not indicate a social affiliation, but also characterizes a certain worldview, way of thinking and lifestyle. The purpose of the research is the socio-philosophical and psychological analysis of the basis of social reality and the problems of making modern challenges viable in the conditions of democracy.
Copyright (c) 2024 Nelli Alaverdyan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
EXPLORING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN KING'S CHARACTERISTICS AND EMOTIONAL WELL-BEING IN ARMENIAN FAIRY TALES
Our research shows that fairy tales can be considered as a source of formation of primary social beliefs formed in society about objects, people, relationships, trust, well-being and other phenomena. The purpose of this article is to investigate and study the description of the king's (as a leader) characteristics in the Armenian fairy tales, as well as to investigate the coefficient of emotional wellbeing of the fairy tales. Research data suggests that there is a connection between a leader's positive image and emotional well-being.
Copyright (c) 2024 Elina Asriyan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
THE PROBLEM OF CHILDHOOD IN THE CONTEXT OF MODERN CHALLENGES IN THE EDUCATION SYSTEM
The article presents certain small parts of the results of our research and the approaches of various specialists on the following issues: what changes by age stages have occurred in the cognitive sphere of the child, in particular, in thinking, social behavior, emotional-volitional sphere, what positive and negative consequences they can have lead in the process of socialization of the individual, is there a need and in what directions to transform the education system, the methodology of the learning process in order to adapt them to the development and age-related changes of the modern personality, manage these developments, ensure successful and active socialization of the individual? In particular, the changes occurring at primary school age in the cognitive, emotional-volitional spheres, and social behavior of the child were presented (аlthough the study also covers preschool and adolescence). The research was conducted through observation, interviews, questionnaires and tests. Children of preschool and school age, teachers, and specialist teachers took part in the research. In the article, we also talked about Internet addiction of primary schoolchildren and its negative consequences from the point of view of their socialization. Our research proves that children of the 21st century have surpassed their peers of previous generations in overall rates of development, the number of new psychological characteristics, the characteristics of their manifestations and general abilities. However, we do not consider it advisable to evaluate these changes only from a positive point of view, since there are a number of psychological and pedagogical problems that we discussed in detail in the article.
Copyright (c) 2023 Srbuhi Gevorgyan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0