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Ընթացիկ թողարկումը
Հտ․ 2 No. 2 (2025)
Ամբողջական թողարկումը
Editorial
Articles
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Articles
Contact Across the Iranian World: Curious Convergences between Kurdish and Balochi
ԱբստրակտIt has not gone unnoticed that the Balochi imperfective aspect marker a- is superficially similar in form to the Central Kurdish marker a- (e- in Kurdish orthography) and nearly identical in function. Micro variation shows further similarities. For instance, the way these formatives idiosyncratically attach to certain verbs: come, bring, etc. have striking similarities in both groups. Additionally, the forms of past imperfective and past conditional forms show further convergence with the Kurdish system, differing from the original constructions preserved in Gorani and Zazaki. In light of new data from Kurdish, I evaluate the prospect of a relationship between these formations and others, arguing that these constructions ultimately have different etymologies. However, their convergence is far from coincidence.
ՀղումներAliyari Babolghani, S. (2025), “The Imperfect with the t-Type Prefix in New Iranian and Its Connection to the Old Iranian Augmented Imperfect Optative”, DABIR, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 1–39.
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Belelli, S. (2021), The Laki Variety of Harsin: Grammar, Texts, Lexicon, Bamberg Studies in Kurdish Linguistics (BSKL), vol. 2, ahead of print, Bamberg: University of Bamberg Press. https://doi.org/10.20378/irb-51703.
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Karim, Sh. O., and Mohammadirad M. (forthcoming), “Demorphologization and Remorphologization: The Development of a Progressive Prefix to a Marker of Negation in Hewramı̂”, Journal of Historical Linguistics.
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Articles
Reduplication in Lāri and Jibbāli: A Formal and Semantic Study
ԱբստրակտThe focus of this study is two-fold. Firstly, it describes the most common types of reduplication in Lāri and Jibbāli. Secondly, it discusses their semantics. Reduplication is a morphological process whereby a base or part of it is repeated to express a meaning different from the base. The study explores the formation of 60 Lāri and Jibbāli reduplicative forms collected from 2 native Jibbāli speakers, and through a questionnaire distributed to 10 bilingual Lāri speakers. Although Lāri and Jibbāli belong to distant language families, the study shows that both languages employ full reduplication to accentuate adjectives or nouns. Lāri partial reduplication express meanings as diverse as emphasis, intensity, categorization, attenuation and addition whereas Jibbāli uses reduplication to mark transitivity and to convey continuity in borrowed bi-consonantal Arabic verbs.
ՀղումներAl Aghbari, Kh. & Ourang M. (2017), ‘‘Description of Number, Person and Tense Features in the Verbal Morphologies of Jibbāli and Lari’’, Journal of Arts and Social Sciences (JASS), vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 5-12.
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Butts, A. M. (2011), ‘‘Reduplicated Nominal Patterns in Semitic’’, Journal of the American Oriental Society, vol. 131, no. 1, pp. 83–108.
Castagna, G., & Al-Amri, S. (2025), ‘‘The morphology of some under-described verbal classes in the eastern Jibbali/Shehret variety of Sadḥ (Setḥ)’’, Journal of Semitic Studies, vol. 70, no. 1, pp. 403-430.
Diyānat, L. (2020), ‘‘Do-gān-sāzī dar zabān-e Lārī’’ [Reduplication in the Lārī language], Majalle-ye zabān-šenāsī va gūyeš-hā-ye Īrānī [Journal of Linguistics and Iranian Languages], vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 83-105. In Persian.
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Articles
Mapping the Languages of Kohgiluyeh va Boyer Ahmad Province, Iran: Is this Region Uniformly Lori-speaking?
ԱբստրակտKohgiluyeh va Boyer Ahmad Province, which constitutes less than one percent of Iran’s land area and a similar proportion of its population, is located in the mountainous south-west of the country. In the literature as well as in popular discourse in Iran, this region has been regarded as uniformly Lori-speaking. In this paper, we survey the distribution of languages in the province and investigate whether any languages other than Lori are spoken there as a mother tongue. Adopting the methodology outlined in the Atlas of the Languages of Iran, this article presents static and interactive maps showing each of the province’s languages. The results of our survey indicate that in addition to seven distinct varieties of Southern Lori, Ghashghai Turkic, Khuzestani Arabic, and Bakhtiari are spoken as ancestral languages in the southern districts of Kohgiluyeh va Boyer Ahmad. Further, we signal the growing prevalence of Persian, the dominant prestige language across Iran, as a mother tongue.
ՀղումներAnonby, E. (2003a), A phonology of Southern Luri. Munich: Lincom Europa.
Anonby, E. (2003b), “Update on Luri: How many languages?” Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 171-197.
Anonby, E. (2012), “Sociolinguistic status of Lori”, Encyclopaedia Iranica, New York: Center for Iranian Studies, Columbia University. Available at: http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/lori-language-ii (accessed 2025-08-10).
Anonby, E. (2025), Atlas of the Languages of Iran: A working classification. Available at: https://iranatlas.net/index.html?module=module.classification (accessed 2025-08-10).
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Articles
The Nonverbal Element in Persian Verbal Multiword Expressions: A Corpus Annotation Approach
ԱբստրակտThis article presents a linguistic framework for the identification and annotation of Persian (Farsi) Verbal Multiword Expressions (VMWEs), developed in alignment with the standards and methodologies set by the PARSEME Corpus—an international research network focused on the systematic analysis of multiword expressions across languages. The study aims to bridge the gap between universal annotation guidelines and language-specific grammatical features by tailoring the PARSEME framework to the structural and semantic properties of Persian. By extracting the characteristics of Persian VMWEs, particularly their nonverbal elements (preverbs) and their diverse syntactic and morphological patterns, this work contributes to a more refined understanding of Persian verbal idiomaticity and the advancement of natural language processing tasks. The article details the development of annotation guidelines that reflect both cross-linguistic categories and Persian-specific grammatical phenomena and the process of annotating a corpus of 5,617 sentences encompassing a wide range of Persian VMWEs including light verb constructions, verbal idioms, and prefix verbs. The practical applications of these guidelines in natural language processing are discussed, highlighting their potential to enhance machine understanding of complex verbal constructions, improve syntactic parsing accuracy, and support downstream tasks such as machine translation, information extraction, and semantic role labeling.
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Articles
An Examination of Two Proverbs in Khotanese and Their Equivalents in Certain New Western Iranian Languages
ԱբստրակտKhotanese is a Middle Eastern Iranian language that was spoken in Khotan, located in the Xinjiang area of Turkestan, China, until the late 10th and early 11th centuries AD. The remaining Khotanese documents primarily consist of translations of Buddhist Sanskrit literature. One of the most significant poetic compositions in the Khotanese language is known as the Book of Zambasta. Unlike numerous other Khotanese texts that serve as translations of Buddhist literature, this particular work stands alone as an independent composition, although it is inspired by Buddhist texts. In this book, while explaining and interpreting religious teachings, references to stories and proverbs are occasionally made, the equivalents of which can be found in other languages, including Indian and Iranian languages. In the second chapter of the Book of Zambasta, two sentences address the themes of futile effort and exertion, which should be considered a type of proverb or maxim. In certain New Western Iranian languages, two proverbs akin to these Khotanese expressions remain prevalent, albeit with variations in vocabulary or usage. In this concise article, I will refer to these two proverbs in Khotanese along with their equivalents in certain New Western Iranian languages.
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