Vol. 3 No. 21 (2020): 2020-3

The interstate agreement signed in 2010 played an essential role in strengthening the long-
established scientific and cultural relations between Armenia and Kazakhstan. Yerevan State
University closely collaborates with L. N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University in Nur-
Sultan as well as other leading higher education institutions of Kazakhstan in a wide variety of
scientific disciplines (particularly in the field of the historical-philological study of the
Qypchaq (Ghpchagh) language manuscripts written in Armenian script). As a result of the
collaboration between the YSU specialists, the Embassy of the Republic of Kazakhstan in
Armenia and the Writers’ Unions of Armenia and Kazakhstan, for the first time ever, the
fundamental anthology of Khazakh literature was published in Armenia in 2019. A year later,
in 2020 the new edition of Mukhtar Auezov’s novel “Abay” – an outstanding “literary diptych”
dedicated to the 175th anniversary of the founder of modern Kazakh literature Abay
Kunanbayev as well as the first Armenian translation of Abay Kunanbayev’s “The Book of
Words” were published.

In the information warfare unleashed against Armenia and Artsakh for years, the
Turkish-Tatars have continuously falsified, arbitrarily interpreted, distorted historical
facts, and presented the desired as a reality. In order to give the illusion of credibility
to these “works” among the readers, an attempt has been made to involve the collected
foreign blotters as “authors”, who will fulfill the undertaken orders. In this article we
have discussed the materials of one of such foreign “article writers”.

The vardapetaran of Khoranashat was founded and administered till the end of his life by
vardapet Vanakan of Tavush (1181-1251), medieval scientific, cultural and public figure. That
educational institution started functioning in the beginning of 1210 in Khoranashat monastery
being built by the same Vanakan vardapet. The vardapetaran, having a historical bend, soon
became one of the most outstanding higher educational institutions in Armenia. A number of
scientific, cultural figures studied there. The most vivid of them were Vardan vardapet and
Kuirakos Gandzkaetsi. The successor of the vardapet Vanakan of Khoranashat vardapetaran
became Grigoris vardapet. During his administration the glory of that educational institution
began to fade. We can state that Grigoris vardapet was the last head of the Khoranashat
vardapetaran.

The article describes the relationship between the Georgian Government and the
Armenian Apostolic church during the years of presidency of Catholicos of All Armenians
Ghukas Karneci (1780-1899). One of the main activities of Ghukas Karneci was the improving
in the religious-administrative regulations of Armenian monasteries and churches in Armenian
Diocese of Georgia-Imereti. The article examines the role of Catholicos preserving the spiritual
national live of the Armenian population. The article presents also the social-economic
activities of Ghukas Karneci, shows the state of the Armenian Church. One of the main
activities of Karneci was the administrative regulations of Georgian eparchy of Armenian
Church. He made valuable contributions not only for Armenian eparchy but also increased and
strengthened Armenian-Georgian relations.

Having analyzed the overall picture of the massacre in Diarbekir in 1895, we concluded
that there were series of planned actions, which, unlike other provinces and settlements, had
certain features. First of all, the authorities tried to distort the picture by misrepresenting
Armenians as attackers, which was an attempt to justify the bloody attack carried out by the
authorities in order to oppress the Armenians. According to eyewitnesses, some of the city's
police, gendarmes and troops contributed to the massacres. There were other Christian
residents in the city who also suffered during the massacre, however, the target was the
Armenian population, which suffered greatly during the days of the massacre. At least 3,000 to
5,000 people were killed during the massacre in Diarbekir in November 1-3, the majority of
them were Armenians. After the massacres, many people died of diseases, hunger, fear and
stress. Many people were left homeless, without living conditions. As for the material damage,
according to French vice consul in Diarbekir G. Meyrier, a total of 1701 houses were looted in
Diarbekir, of which more than 1500 houses belonged to Armenians. A total of 2448 shops were
looted and set on fire, 2065 of which belonged to Armenians

The author presents Al. Khakhanov’s life and activity, covers the scientist’s observations
related to different fields of Georgian and Armenian studies (philosophy, history, archaeology,
philology, ethnography, religion), the nature and content of Khakhanov’s comparisons of
scientific disciplines, as well as general terms he has discovered. In his various long and short
research articles the Georgian-Russian orientalist, to the extent possible, described the relations
of Armenian history, spiritual culture, and lifestyle to Georgian kinship. Khakhanov’s research
was written in Russian in 1890-1900

Relations with Georgia have acquired strategic importance on the foreign policy agenda of
the Republic of Armenia. However, over the years, there have been some gaps in relations
between the two countries, which have led to a number of problems. Among them are the
different approaches to foreign policy, certain dangerous perceptions about Armenia and
Armenians in Georgia, the approaches of the parties to territorial conflicts, and so on. The
development of relations between Armenia and Georgia is also influenced by many external
factors and challenges, including the bad Russian-Georgian relations and the Armenian-
Azerbaijani conflict. The main task of the presented article is to identify all the factors that
condition or shape the Armenian-Georgian relations or are an obstacle for their development.
In the context of the large-scale war unleashed by Azerbaijan in Artsakh in 2020, these
questions become even more important

The article presents a comprehensive analysis of the national and social events, political
and geopolitical movements of the beginning of the XX century besed on Stepan Alajajyan’s
three-volume novel “Unhealed Wound” which is more than 1,500 pages long. Depicting the
construction of the Berlin-Bosporus-Baghdad railway along with the heroic self-defense battle
fought by Fnditchak, one of the settlements of Cilicia, the novel touches upon various military,
political, national and human realities through artistic and analytical generalizations, which are
still very actual today and give food for thought.

The present study is dedicated to the 200th anniversary of Ghevond Alishan (1820-1901).
The author observes Gh. Alishan’s poem “The Nightingale of Avarayr” in parallel with R.
Patkanyan’s poem “The Death of Brave Vardan Mamikonyan” with the application of modern approaches and historical and comparative methods. It is noteworthy that the two authors, coming out of their historical and political worldviews and differences of their environments, presented the idea of the Battle of Avarayr differently. According to Alishan, Vardanants history has inspired Armenians for centuries, while Patkanyan mistakenly believed from a pessimistic point of view that his contemporaries had retreated from their patriotic spirit. Nevertheless, despite their advantages and disadvantages, the two works of Armenian romanticism have a worthy place in the panorama of modern Armenian literature

“Shirt of Fire” is an autobiographical novel by Zabel Yesayan where the author represents
the life of Armenians in Constantinople and Armenian-Turkish relationships. The novel
transcends artificial illustrations and historical events parallel to the development of the events.
The main importance of the novel “Shirt of Fire” is the author herself and her less analyzed
creations

The image of the horse in the aesthetic system of H. Matevosyan has philosophical and
psychological interlacing. The inner content of the image is huge. The image shows different
sides of the rural life, masterfully intertwines reflections, dreams and disappointments,
memories and desires of the man and the horse. The psychological environment of the horse image is formed by the life forms of the rural world combined with the human outlook. In the image, the everyday situation is branched out and reaches the border of infinity. The image of the horse as a unit of the image system often becomes the basis of the work on which the biophilosophy of H. Matevosyan is intertwined.

Middle Armenian and Western Armenian are very closely interconnected. This is
manifested at all levels of language. This means that Western Armenian was directly derived from Middle Armenian. However, the studies carried out concerning this issue can hardly be considered sufficient to prove this point. The existing studies are mostly general observations and are limited to certain phonetic, lexical, and mainly grammatical realities, which were subject to non-systemic analyzes. Meanwhile, the solution of the problem presupposes at least a detailed study of key linguistic realities. In the present article, an attempt has been made to give a complete and systematic description of one of such realities, the Imperfect present and Imperfect past of the Indicative Mood, in the context of the Middle Armenian – Western Armenian interrelation, which tends to show the close systemic connection and commonalities of those stages of development of literary Armenian language

The paper refers to the peculiarities of the declension system and its expression in
“History of Armenia” by the remarkable Armenian historian of the XIII century, Kirakos
Gandzaketsi. Before referring to the specifics of the declension system found in Kirakos
Gandzaketsi’s work, the overall grammatical picture of Classical Armenian (Grabar) and
Middle Armenian (Cilician Armenian) as well as the differences of the language development during the mentioned periods and the peculiarities of the declension systems are presented. Тhe expression of the latter in the mentioned work is discussed in detail. Even though Kirakos Gandzaketsi lived and worked in the period of usage of Middle Armenian, mainly the grammatical patterns of Classical Armenian are observed in his “History of Armenia”. The declension system is not an exception: in the mentioned piece the used words are mainly declined in compliance with the grammatical specifics of Classical Armenian. Being an author who lived and created in the mid-Armenian period, the historian, however, was guided by the grammatical patterns of Classical Armenian. In a certain sense, this has an explanation: Kirakos Gandzaketsi was a historian, and when referring to the specific historic period, should keep his work close to the spirit of the presented period and so to the peculiarities of that grammatical system. What refers to the declension system found in the discussed work, it should be noted that Kirakos Gandzaketsi followed the grammatical patterns of the declension system of Grabar. Throughout the work, the declension suffixes of Classical Armenian, the majority of which are preserved in Middle Armenian, are used. However, the declensions formed in Middle Armenian are not observed.

The 1920 Turkish-Armenian war that caused the greatest catastrophe and fatal severe
consequences for both Armenia and the Armenian people was unleashed by Kemalist Turkey, which launched large-scale military operations against the Republic of Armenia on September 28 without announcing a war, seizing a number of Armenian cities and strategic regions. The Armenian, Turkish and other abundant valid documentary materials come to prove that Kemalist Turkey had planned, prepared and worked out an attack on Armenia more than half a year ago, aimed at the failure (cancellation) of the Treaty of Sèvres, the destruction of the Armenian army and the independent republic of Armenia. This publication comes to proofread the purely political, ideological, and propaganda falsification (fake) in Turkish, Soviet and Armenian historiography that it was Armenia, as the “tool of imperialism”, who unleashed the war. Unfortunately, the war that took place a century ago, which lasted about two months, had a devastating effect on Armenia and the Armenian people. As a result, Armenia suffered a severe defeat, a significant part of the republic was occupied, the demand of the Treaty of Sèvres remained unfulfilled, Armenia lost its independence and was sovietized