Vol. 17 No. 3(51) (2026)

View Vol. 17 No. 3(51) (2026)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.46991/BYSU.E/2026.17.3
Published: 2026-11-03

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PHILOSOPHY

  • PHILOSOPHY

    The Golden Rule: Early Cross-Cultural Studies and the Formation of a Theoretical Concept

    Ruben Apressyan
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    Abstract

    The article examines the first attempts at cross-cultural study of the Golden Rule (GR) in the works of Leonidas Philippidis (1929; 1933) and Joyce Hertzler (1934; 1936). The aim of the analysis is to show how these authors not only testified to the widespread presence of the GR beyond Christianity but also laid the foundations for its theoretical conceptualisation. The examination proceeds with due regard to the fact that cross-cultural study of the GR is directed toward identifying its formulations in the texts of different cultures, the value content behind them, and its functional features as a normative instrument. Drawing on the reconstructions of Philippidis (Christianity, Judaism, Greco-Roman world, Islam, Confucianism, Indian religions) and Hertzler (from “primitive” societies to ancient civilisations), it is demonstrated that the value core of the GR is formed by the ideas of reciprocity, non-harming, and benevolence, whereas cross-cultural differences concern primarily contexts and the degree of normative breadth. The conclusion argues that it was precisely the works of Philippidis and Hertzler that effected the transition from “collecting” GR-like sayings to analyzing their value content and normative structure, thereby preparing the ground for their independent study in moral philosophy.

    References

    Budge, E.A.W. The Teaching of Amen-em-Apt, Son of Kanekht. London: Martin Hopkinson & Co., 1924.

    Hatch W.H.P. A Syriac Parallel to the Golden Rule, The Harvard Theological Review, 1921, Vol. 14, No. 2, 193–195.

    Hertzler, J.O. “On Golden Rules”, International Journal of Ethics, 1934, Vol. 44, No. 4, pp. 418–436.

    Hertzler, J. The Social Thought of the Ancient Civilizations. New York; London: McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., 1936.

    Hruschka J. “Die Goldene Regel in der Aufklärung – die Geschichte einer Idee”, Jahrbuch für Recht und Ethik / Annual Review of Law and Ethics. 2004. Vol. 12. S. 157–172.

    Lichtheim M. Ancient Egyptian Literature, Vol. II: The New Kingdom. University of California Press, 1976.

    Meynard, SJ, T. The Jesuit Reading of Confucius: The First Complete Translation of the Lunyu (1687) Published in the West. Leiden: Brill, 2015.

    Noble, M. Golden Rules of World Religions. Los Angeles: Ivan Deach, 1931.

    Philippidis, L.J. Die “Goldene Regel”: religionsgeschichtlich untersucht. Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung der Doktorwürde der Hohen Philosophischen Fakultät der Universität Leipzig. Leipzig: Adolf Klein Verlag, 1929.

    Philippidis, L.J. Religionswissenschaftliche Forschungsberichte über die “goldene Regel”. Athen: Selbstverlag, 1933.

    Reiner, H. Das kantische Sittengesetz im Sittlichen Bewußtsein der Antike, in: Kant-Studien, 1934, XXXIV, 1–26.

    Spooner, W.A. “Golden Rule”, In: Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics, eds. J. Hastings, with the assistance оf J.A. Selbie and L.H. Gray. Vol. VI. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons; Edinburgh: T.&T. Clark, 1914, pp. 310–312.

    Statman, A. A Global Enlightenment: Western Progress and Chinese Science, Chicago & London, The University of Chicago Press, 2023.

    Tasker, J.G. “Golden Rule”, In: A Dictionary of Christ and the Gospels, ed. J. Hastings, et.al. Vol. I. Edinburgh: T&T Clark, 1906, pp. 653–655.

    Votaw C.W. “Sermon on the Mount”, In: A Dictionary of the Bible: Dealing with its Language, Literature, and Contents Including the Biblical Theology, ed. by James Hastings, with assistance of John Solbie, Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1898, pp. 1–45.

    Walsh, W. The Golden Rule. London: C.W. Daniel, 1920.

    Wettstein, J.J. Novum Testamentum Graecum editionis receptae cum lectionibus variantibus Codicum MSS., Editionum aliarum, Versionum et Patrum nec non commentario pleniore ex Scriptoribus veteribus Hebraeis, Graecis et Latinis historiam et vim verborum illustrante. Vol. 1. Amsterdam: Dommeriana, 1751.

    Zahn, T. Das Evangelium des Matthäus. Leipzig: A. Deichertsche Verlagsbuchhandlung (G. Böhme), 1922.

  • PHILOSOPHY

    Structural Transformations of Archaic Consciousness: From Folklore Text to Postmodernism

    Hripsime Zakaryan
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    Abstract

    The article examines the dynamics of deep models and archetypal foundations of archaic world perception at the crossroads of folkloric tradition and postmodern artistic systems. The study aims to define the epistemological role of primeval consciousness and its poetic manifestations within the transition from folklore tradition to postmodern prose. The innovative methodology of the research is grounded in the folkloristic analysis of contemporary literary material, synthesized with comparative-typological examination, intertextual analysis, and the theories of structural anthropology (C. Lévi-Strauss), genre evolution (V. P. Anikin), and the nature of archaic consciousness (Yu. Yu. Pershin). The research material focuses on the artistic transformation of the folkloric text (ATU 709 type) in the works of Neil Gaiman. The study demonstrates that elements of the archaic mindset are not historical relics, but rather a dynamic system within the modern individual's psychostructure, manifested in contemporary literature through the reshaping of traditional genres. The relevance of the research stems from the theoretical characterization of archaic consciousness as an element of the postmodern individual's psychostructure and a source of world cognition. This approach opens up new perspectives for studying the postmodern transformations of folkloric plots and the poetics of contemporary prose. 

    References

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    Аникин, В. П. (1980). Теория фольклорной традиции и ее значение для исторического исследования былин. М.: Изд-во МГУ / Anikin V. P. Teoriya fol'klornoy tradicii i ee znachenie dlya istoricheskogo issledovaniya bylin. M., Izd-vo MGU, 1980, 332 s. Веселовский, А. Н. (1989). Историческая поэтика. М.: Высшая школа / Veselovskiy A. N. Istoricheskaya poetika. M., Vysshaya shkola, 1989, 648 s.

    Гейман, Н. (2014). Американские боги; Король горной долины; Сыновья Ананси. М.: АСТ / Geyman N. Amerikanskie bogi; Korol' gornoy doliny; Synov'ya Anansi. M., AST, 2014, 685 s.

    Лозовик, Е. В. (2014). Роль повествователя в литературной сказке Нила Геймана «Снег, зеркало, яблоки». Дискуссия, 2(43), pp. 128-133 / Lozovik E. V. Rol' povestvovatelya v literaturnoy skazke Nila Geymana «Sneg, zerkalo, yabloki» // Diskussiya. 2014, №2 (43), s. 128-133.

    Мерло-Понти, М. (1999). Феноменология восприятия. СПб.: Ювента, Наука / Merlo-Ponti M. Fenomenologiya vospriyatiya. SPb., Yuventa, Nauka, 1999, 603 s.

    Першин, Ю. Ю. (2014). Архаическое сознание: сущность и принципы: Дис. ... д-ра филос. наук. Омск / Pershin Yu. Yu. Arhaicheskoe soznanie: suschnost' i principy: Dis. ... d-ra filos. nauk. Omsk, 2014, 271 s.

    Тэрнер, В. (1983). Символ и ритуал. М.: Главная редакция восточной литературы издательства «Наука» / Terner V. Simvol i ritual. M., Glavnaya redakciya vostochnoy literatury izdatel'stva «Nauka», 1983, 277 s.

    Boas, F. (1938). The Mind of Primitive Man. Revised edition. New York: The Macmillan Company.

    Eliade, M. (1953). Traité d'histoire des religions. Paris: Payot.

    Gaiman, N. (2005). Smoke and mirrors: Short fictions and illusions. London: Review.

    Lévi-Strauss, C. (1962). La Pensée sauvage. Paris: Librairie Plon.

    Tolkien, J. R. R. (1966). Beowulf: The Monsters and the Critics. In The Tolkien Reader. New York: Ballantine Books.

    Uther, H.-J. (2004). The Types of International Folktales: A Classification and Bibliography. Vols. I–III. Helsinki: Academia Scientiarum Fennica.

    Van Gennep, A. (1909). Les Rites de passage. Paris: Émile Nourry.

  • PHILOSOPHY

    The Autonomy of Choice and the Problem of Freedom in the Digital Age

    Ghazar Avetisyan
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    Abstract

    The article examines the problem of human freedom of choice in the context of a digitalized society, where algorithmic systems are gradually penetrating almost every sphere of information, consumption, communication, and everyday decision-making. Particular attention is paid to the paradoxical nature of freedom in the contemporary world: on the one hand, individuals have access to an unprecedented range of choices, while on the other, they have increasingly less control over the informational and social conditions within which their preferences and decisions are formed. Within this context, the article analyzes classical philosophical understandings of freedom and autonomy, as well as the concepts of “choice architecture,” the “filter bubble,” and “surveillance capitalism.” By bringing together the approaches of J. S. Mill, I. Berlin, M. Foucault, E. Pariser, S. Zuboff, and other scholars, the article argues that algorithmic systems do not necessarily restrict freedom through direct coercion. Rather, hidden forms of constraint may emerge when algorithms invisibly shape the environment in which choices are made, determine the flow of information, predict human behavior, and, in some cases, seek to influence and modify it. This gives rise to a paradox of freedom: individuals may feel more free precisely at the moment when the conditions shaping their choices become less transparent.

    References

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    2. Паризер Э., За стеной фильтров. Что Интернет скрывает от вас?, М.: Альпина Бизнес Букс, 2012, 304 с. / Parizer E., Za stenoy fil'trov. Chto Internet skryvayet ot vas?, M.: Al'pina Biznes Buks, 2012, 304 s.

    3. Спиноза Б., Этика. Мн.: Харвест, М.: АСТ, 2001․ 336 с. /Spinoza B., Etika. Mn.: Kharvest, M.: AST, 2001․ 336 s./

    4. Талер Р., Санстейн К., Nudge. Архитектура выбора. Как улучшить наши решения о здоровье, благосостоянии и счастье, М.: Манн, Иванов и Фербер, 2017. 240 с. / Taler R., Sansteyn K., Podtalkivaniye. Vybor arkhitektury. Kak uluchshit' nashi resheniya o zdorov'ye, blagosostoyanii i schast'ye, M.: Mann, Ivanov i Ferber, 2017. 240 s.

    5. Фуко М., Надзирать и наказывать: Рождение тюрьмы, М.: Ad Marginem, 1999. 478 с. / Fuko M., Nadzirat' i nakazyvat': Rozhdeniye tyur'my, M.: Ad Marginem, 1999. 478 s.

    6. Юм Д., Сочинения в 2 томах. Т. 2. М.: Мысль, 1996, 806 с./ Yum D., Sochineniya v 2 tomakh. T. 2. M.: Mysl', 1996, 806 s./

    7. Berlin, I. Four Essays on Liberty. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1969, 213 p.

    8. Dworkin, G. The Theory and Practice of Autonomy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988, 173 p.

    9. James, W. The Will to Believe and Other Essays in Popular Philosophy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014, p. 151.

    10. Mill, J. S., On Liberty. Ed. and intro. Gertrude Himmelfarb. London: Penguin Classics, 2003. 192 p.

    11. Zuboff, Shoshana, The Age of Surveillance Capitalism: The Fight for a Human Future at the New Frontier of Power. New York: PublicAffairs, 2019, 478 p.

  • PHILOSOPHY

    Postmodern Deterritorialization and Extratemporality: the Lost Anchors of Everyday Existence

    Arpine Ayvazyan
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    Abstract

    The article examines the radical existential fragmentation of everyday space and time driven by postmodern digitalization and hyper-acceleration. The anchoring of the traditional lifeworld, which once ensured ontological grounding and inner duration, is replaced by virtualization, anonymous transient spaces, and a fragmented, "schizophrenic" time. The study profoundly reveals how the collapse of the harmonious spatio-temporal spring gives rise to a "frame-centered life," where the individual feverishly consumes a simulative, screen-based image instead of living reality meaningfully. Within this framework, the paper analyzes the transformation of the classic urban observer into a superficial tourist or rootless vagabond, the creation of a flawless digital mask at the expense of inner spiritual bankruptcy, the temporal disinfection of the body, and the self-destructive ephemeralization of art. It demonstrates that technological speed drains the existential density of the decisive moment, turning the everyday into liquid vanity. Ultimately, the everyday transforms into a complex existential project requiring a conscious effort to construct stable islands of subjectivity and identity anchors amidst the ruins of the lifeworld․

    References

    Բալզակ Օ․ դը, Շագրենի կաշին, Արմավ, 2020-Balzak O. de, Shagreni kashin, Armav, 2020.

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PSYCHOLOGY

  • PSYCHOLOGY

    A Conceptual Analysis of the Continuum of Psychological Adaptation among Soldiers Undergoing Compulsory Military Service

    Hrant Avanesyan, Emma Sargsyan
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    Abstract

    This study examines deviant behavior during adaptation among conscripts and proposes a conceptual approach to organizing adaptation. A theoretical analysis of scientific publications (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and others) was conducted through an integrative synthesis of evidence in accordance with PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Priority was given to systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and studies among conscripts over the past five years. Findings indicate that maladaptive and deviant behavior cannot be attributed solely to personality characteristics or psychiatric symptoms. Difficulties with emotional regulation, impulsivity, ineffective coping, and psychological stress interact with unit relationships, peer acceptance, leadership, and service demands. The initial stage of military service is characterized by variability in responses to stressors and social integration. Psychological adaptation is viewed as a dynamic, continuous process. Based on the evidence, the Military Psychological Adaptation Continuum (MPAC) Model is proposed, interpreting deviant behavior as a manifestation of difficulties at intermediate stages of adaptation.

    References

    Дорофеев И. И., Корзунин В. А., Овчинников Б. В., Юсупов В. В., Ятманов А. Н. (2016). Методологические аспекты выделения категории медико-психологического сопровождения курсантов. Клиническая и специальная психология, 5(2), 113–120. https://psyjournals.ru/journals/cpse/archive/2016_n2/cpse_2016_n2_Dorofeev_et_al.pdf / Dorofeev I. I., Korzunin V. A., Ovchinnikov B. V., Yusupov V. V., Yatmanov A. N. (2016). Metodologicheskie aspekty vydeleniya kategorii mediko-psikhologicheskogo soprovozhdeniya kursantov. Klinicheskaya i spetsialnaya psikhologiya, 5(2), 113–120. https://psyjournals.ru/journals/cpse/archive/2016_n2/cpse_2016_n2_Dorofeev_et_al.pdf

    Корзунин А. В., Юсупов В. В., Корзунин В. А., и др. (2013). Обоснование методического аппарата по определению групп профессионального психологического сопровождения курсантов военного вуза МО РФ. Вестник ЛГУ им. А. С. Пушкина, (4). https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/obosnovanie-metodicheskogo-apparata-po-opredeleniyu-grupp-professionalnogo-psihologicheskogo-soprovozhdeniya-kursantov-voennogo/ Korzunin A. V., Yusupov V. V., Korzunin V. A., et al. (2013). Obosnovanie metodicheskogo apparata po opredeleniyu grupp professionalnogo psikhologicheskogo soprovozhdeniya kursantov voennogo vuza MO RF. Vestnik LGU im. A. S. Pushkina, (4). https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/obosnovanie-metodicheskogo-apparata-po-opredeleniyu-grupp-professionalnogo-psihologicheskogo-soprovozhdeniya-kursantov-voennogo

    Серегин Д. А., Марченко А. А., Баурова Н. Н., Днов К. В. (2018). Ранняя диагностика девиантного поведения у военнослужащих по призыву. Доктор. Ру., (9), 40–49. DOI: 10.31550/1727-2378-2018-153-9-40-49 /Seregin D. A., Marchenko A. A., Baurova N. N., Dnov K. V. (2018). Rannyaya diagnostika deviantnogo povedeniya u voennosluzhashchikh po prizyvu. Doktor. Ru., (9), 40–49. DOI: 10.31550/1727-2378-2018-153-9-40-49

    Солодков А. С., Ильина А. А., Федоров Е. В., Кузнецова Е. В., Ятманов А. Н. (2016). Прогнозирование психологического благополучия курсантов военного вуза. Ученые записки университета Лесгафта, (11), 141. https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/prognozirovanie-psihologicheskogo-blagopoluchiya-kursantov-voennogo-vuza / Solodkov A. S., Ilina A. A., Fedorov E. V., Kuznetsova E. V., Yatmanov A. N. (2016). Prognozirovanie psikhologicheskogo blagopoluchiya kursantov voennogo vuza. Uchenye zapiski universiteta Lesgafta, (11), 141. https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/prognozirovanie-psikhologicheskogo-blagopoluchiya-kursantov-voennogo-vuza

    Bethmann, D., & Cho, J. I. (2023). Conscription hurts: The effects of military service on physical health, drinking, and smoking. SSM – Population Health, 22, 101391. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101391

    Bucher, J. (2014). Military deviance. In Encyclopedia of Social Deviance (Vol. 2, pp. 442–444). SAGE Publications, Inc. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781483340470.n177

    Cox, J. A., McLean, S., Read, G. J. M., & Salmon, P. M. (2025). The factors that contribute to dysfunctional behavior in active military personnel: An umbrella review. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1177/15248380251349776

    Giles, G. E., Navarro, E., et al. (2023). Characterizing relationships among the cognitive, physical, social-emotional, and health-related traits of military personnel. Military Medicine, 188, e2520–e2530. https://doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usad002

    Gladkova, Y. O., Filonenko, V. M., & Shcherbakova, I. V. (2026). Psychological aspects of deviant behavior of military personnel in the context of extreme existential trials. Bulletin of Criminological Association of Ukraine, 32(2), 968–982. https://doi.org/10.32631/Vca.2024.2.76

    Gromatsky, M., et al. (2023). The prevalence of nonsuicidal self-injury in military personnel: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 24(5), 2936–2952. https://doi.org/10.1177/15248380221119513

    Hom, M. A., Stanley, I. H., Schneider, M. E., & Joiner, T. E. (2017). A systematic review of help-seeking and mental health service utilization among military service members. Clinical Psychology Review, 53, 59–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2017.01.008

    Hurjui, E., & Tigusan, M. (2013). Aspects of deviance in military environment. International Conference of Scientific Paper AFASES, Brasov. https://www.afahc.ro/ro/afases/2013/socio/hurjui_ticusan.pdf

    Jones, N., Seddon, R., Fear, N. T., McAllister, P., Wessely, S., & Greenberg, N. (2012). Leadership, cohesion, morale, and the mental health of UK Armed Forces in Afghanistan. Psychiatry, 75(1), 49–59. https://doi.org/10.1521/psyc.2012.75.1.49

    Kim, H.-R., Seol, J. H., & Lee, K.-H. (2020). The relationships among job burnout, organizational citizenship behavior, work engagement, and social capital via smartphone use in the Navy soldiers on duty: A moderated mediation model. Korean Psychological Journal of Culture and Social Issues, 26(4), 409–433. https://doi.org/10.20406/kjcs.2020.11.26.4.409

    Kim, S., & Lee, S. J. (2025). A study on the relationship between smartphone use and military life adaptation of Korean soldiers: The mediating effects of interpersonal skills and self-esteem. The Journal of Learner-Centered Curriculum and Instruction, 25(4), 683–698. https://doi.org/10.22251/jlcci.2025.25.4.683

    Kirkham, R., Liu, C., Wulandari, T., Aidman, E., Yücel, M., Wiley, J., & Albertella, L. (2025). Emotion regulation and coping in active military personnel: A systematic review. Stress and Health, 41(3), e70036. https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.70036

    Kwan, J., Sparrow, J., Facer-Irwin, E., Thandi, G., Fear, N. T., & MacManus, D. (2020). Prevalence of intimate partner violence perpetration among military populations: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 53, 101419. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2020.101419

    Larsson, G., et al. (2022). Perceived stress and hair cortisol levels amongst conscripts during basic military training: A repeated measures study. Military Psychology, 34(5), 541–550. https://doi.org/10.1080/08995605.2021.2018902

    LeardMann, C. A., Powell, T. M., Smith, T. C., Bell, M. R., Smith, B., Boyko, E. J., Hooper, T. I., Gackstetter, G. D., Ghamsary, M., & Hoge, C. W. (2013). Risk factors associated with suicide in current and former US military personnel. JAMA, 310(5), 496–506. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2013.65164

    Livingston, W. S., et al. (2023). The association of military sexual harassment/assault with physical and mental health: A meta-analysis. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 24(4), 2616–2629. https://doi.org/10.1177/15248380221109790

    Mieziene, B., Emeljanovas, A., Cesnaitiene, V. J., Vizbaraite, D., & Zumbakyte-Sermuksniene, R. (2020). Health behaviors and psychological distress among conscripts of the Lithuanian military service: A nationally representative cross-sectional study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(3), 783. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17030783

    Osborne, A., Wilson-Menzfeld, G., McGill, G., & Kiernan, M. D. (2022). Military service and alcohol use: A systematic narrative review. Occupational Medicine, 72(5), 313–323. https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqac045

    Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., et al. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ, 372, n71. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71

    Sharp, M. L., Fear, N. T., Rona, R. J., Wessely, S., Greenberg, N., Jones, N., & Goodwin, L. (2015). Stigma as a barrier to seeking health care among military personnel with mental health problems. Psychological Medicine, 45(9), 1873–1883. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291714001609

    Shin, S., & Kang, K. J. (2026). Influence of smartphone dependence, mental health, and resilience on military life adjustment among soldiers: A cross-sectional study. Research in Community and Public Health Nursing, 37(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.12799/rcphn.2025.01291

    Smaliukienė, R., Bekešienė, S., Mažeikienė, A., Larsson, G., Karčiauskaitė, D., Mazgelytė, E., & Vaičaitienė, R. (2022). Hair cortisol, perceived stress, and the effect of group dynamics: A longitudinal study of young men during compulsory military training in Lithuania. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(3), 1663. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031663

  • PSYCHOLOGY

    Personality Sub-factors in Judo Athletes: Differentiation by Competitive Level and Training Experience

    Gayane Lalayan, Lusine Stepanyan
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    Abstract

    Personality research in sport is almost entirely confined to broad factors, yet these are heterogeneous, and an effect absent at factor level may be present in one of the narrower components that compose it. This article examines the personality profile of judo athletes at the level of the twenty-five sub-factors of the Five-Factor Personality Questionnaire. Seventy-two male athletes aged 12 to 22 years, representing low, intermediate and highly competitive levels, completed the questionnaire together with a decision-style inventory. Eleven sub-factors differed significantly between competitive levels, the largest effects concerning self-sufficiency, curiosity, dominance and neatness, which belong to four different domains. All five self-management sub-factors were associated with training experience, most strongly responsibility and prudence, but not with chronological age, indicating that self-regulatory characteristics develop through sporting activity rather than through maturation. One hundred comparisons against decision style produced six significant results, against five expected by chance. Personality assessment in sport should therefore operate at sub-factor level, and decision style should be treated as an independent construct.

    References

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  • PSYCHOLOGY

    The relationship between personality traits and women’s «work–personal life» balance

    Astghik Serobyan, Narine Hovakimyan
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    Abstract

    The aim of the article is to examine, from a socio-psychological perspective, the relationship between women’s personality traits and work–personal life balance. The study was conducted among 81 working women. The Big Five Scale was used to assess personality traits, while the Work-Life Balance Scale was used to assess work–personal life balance. Data analysis included an analysis of the relationships between them using Pearson’s correlation coefficient and regression analysis. The results indicate that neuroticism is associated with higher levels of mutual interference between work and personal life and lower levels of positive interaction, whereas conscientiousness is associated with lower levels of interference and higher levels of mutual enrichment. Agreeableness was found to be associated with personal life interfering with work, while no statistically significant relationships were identified for extraversion and openness to experience. The findings highlight the importance of personality characteristics in understanding the psychological features of the interaction between women’s work and personal life.

    References

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    Boekhorst, J. A., Singh, P., & Burke, R. J. (2017). Personality traits and work–life balance among women managers in the United Arab Emirates. Gender in Management, 32(3), 174–190.

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    Օնլայն ռեսուրսներ

    https://scales.arabpsychology.com/s/work-life-balance-scale/#google_vignette

  • PSYCHOLOGY

    Cognitive, Emotional, and Personal-Meaning Features of the Internal Picture of Illness in Individuals with Functional Thyroid Disorders

    Sianna Movsisyan
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    Abstract

    Functional disorders of the thyroid gland occupy an important place in the healthcare sector. These disorders have a significant impact not only on physical health but also on mental health, causing substantial changes in the cognitive and emotional domains of an individual. In this context, particular importance is attached to how a person perceives their own illness, what meaning they attribute to it, and how they respond to its manifestations. An important theoretical framework for studying these issues is the concept of the “internal picture of illness,” which reflects the totality of an individual’s perceptions of the illness, attitudes toward it, and emotional responses. The article systematizes the existing theoretical approaches to the concept of the “internal picture of illness,” providing a basis for studying the perception of the disease and responses to it among individuals with functional disorders of the thyroid gland. Within the framework of the present study, an attempt was made to examine the perceptions and attitudes of individuals with functional disorders of the thyroid gland toward their illness, how they perceive the illness, and how they respond to it. The analysis revealed a number of statistically significant positive associations between individual components of the internal picture of illness. Within the structure of illness perception, symptom severity and concern play a key role, as they are closely associated with the impact of the illness and the emotional response to it. The findings indicate that understanding the components of the internal picture of illness and the relationships between them may contribute to improving the effectiveness of treatment for these disorders and to a deeper understanding of psychological factors associated with the disease.

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