Vol. 14 No. 3 (42) (2023)

DOI: https://doi.org/10.46991/BYSU:E/2023.14.3
Published: 2023-11-16

Full Issue

PHILOSOPHY

  • PHILOSOPHY

    Scientific Status of Philosophical Anthropology

    Gagik Soghomonyan
    View PDF
    Abstract

    Man’s choice always has an eschatological perspective, the course of human history and its completion depends on which path he takes: life or death - Civilization is gradually approaching a tempting but extremely dangerous limit, beyond which the influence of uncontrollable forces can be fatal for a person. It's time to sober up. In this regard, the role and importance of philosophical anthropology is undeniable. Two directions are distinguished in philosophical anthropology: philosophical anthropological essentialism and existentialism. Essentialist philosophical anthropology examines man's relationship with nature, society, and culture, and existentialist philosophical anthropology examines man's relationship with God, others, and himself. The subject, problems and scientific status of philosophical anthropology are presented. The idea is that it is too early to forget and abandon the substantiated rich research toolkit of philosophical anthropology. As a result of analysis, the author comes to the conclusion that a person has some positive qualities, developing and relying on those it is possible to improve the social environment and interpersonal relationships. For this, it is necessary to develop the knowledge about the person himself, taking into account the anthropological aspects of the economic, social and institutional reforms being implemented.

    References

    Гуревич П. С.,Человек многоликий//Это человек: антология, М.,1995, էջ 13–15:

    Шелер М., Положение человека в Космосе // Проблема человека в западной философии : антология / под общ. ред. Ю. Н. Попова, М., 1988, с. 31.

    Кант И., Сочинения. В 6 т., М., 1966, էջ 351:

    Кант И., Сочинения. В 6 т., М., 1963-1966, т. 3, էջ 661:

    Кант И., Трактаты и письма, М., 1980, էջ 332:

    Фуко М., Слова и вещи: Археология гуманитарных наук. – М., 1977, с. 362.

    Моторина Л.Е., Философская антропология: учебное пособие для вузов. – М., 2003, էջ 54։

    Никитин Е.П., Об одной тенденции в развитии философии, Вопросы философии, 2001, №10:

    Смирнов С.А., Современная антропология , Человек, 2004, № 1, 2, 3

    Борзенков В.Г., Единая наука о человеке за пределами редукционизма, Человек, 2011, №2։

    Шелер М., Человек и история, М. Шелер. Избранные произведения, М., 1994, էջ 70։

    Гуревич П.С., Классическая и неклассическая антропология: сравнительный анализ, М., 2018:

    Золотухина-Аболина Е. В., Философская антропология, 2-е изд., Ростов-на-Дону, Феникс, 2014, էջ 13- 14:

    Дорофеев В., О статусе философской антропологии // Рефлексии, 2011, № 2(4), с. 17․

    Смирнов С.Л., Философская антропология // Человек, 2003, № 4։

    Долмейр Ф., Возвращение философской антропологии: субъективные размышления // Человек, 2010, № 4, էջ 5։

    Курек Н.С., Звероподобное поведение. Линии Аристотеля и Фрейда // Человек, 2009,№ 1։

    Летов О.В., Человек и «сверхчеловек»: этические аспекты трансгуманизма // Человек,2009,№ 1։

    Букреев В. С․, Проблема человека в современной философской антропологии // Вестник РФО, 2006, № 3(39).

    Кутырев В.А., Крик против небытия // Вопросы философии, 2008, № 8, с․69․

    Гуревич П.С. Антропологическая катастрофа // Своб. Мысль. 1997, N 11, էջ 44:

  • PHILOSOPHY

    Reflection or mirage? The problem of the relationship between online and offline identities in the context of interpersonal communication

    Arman Gharagulyan
    View PDF
    Abstract

    The relationship between online and offline identities in today's digital era is a pivotal in the realm of interpersonal communication research. As modern technology rapidly evolves, it brings forth unprecedented avenues for social interactions, amplifying inherent human need to connect and socialize. Social media platforms, along with modern remote communication tools, are reshaping our conventional notions of work, education, and leisure. This transformation introduces a contemporary "virtual" framework for interpersonal relations. Nowadays individuals increasingly immerse themselves in these digital realms, crafting unique online personas to represent their virtual selves. Consequently, people now navigate two parallel universes: the tangible and the digital. This article delves into the nuances of online identity, its interplay with our real-world persona. It examines how our digital footprints mesh with, or at times diverge from, our real-world personas and the emerging challenges and opportunities of this online-offline dynamic within interpersonal relationships.  Moreover, the piece offers a comprehensive review of potential issues stemming from prioritizing the digital over the physical, while also highlighting the possible advantages that prudent digital technology usage can bring.

    Key words: Information Society, Social Networks, Digital World, Online Identity, Interpersonal Communication, Virtual Man

    References

    Яралян К., Виртуальность как трансцендентная среда экзистирования // Բանբեր Երևանի համալսարանի: Փիլիսոփայություն, հոգեբանություն: 2016, № 2 (20), էջ 30։

    Иноземцев В., Современное постиндустриальное общество: природа, противоречия, перспективы, М.: Логос, 2008, էջ 88։

    Հարությունյան Է., Ազգային ինքնություն. «սերունդների աշխարհ» և «ժամանակակիցների աշխարհ» // «Բանբեր Երևանի համալսարանի. Փիլիսոփայություն, Հոգեբանություն», 2019 № 2 (29) էջ 4։

    Small G., Vorgan G., IBrain: Surviving the Technological Alteration of the Modern Mind, Harper Collins e-books, 2008, էջ 117:

    Marwick A., Boyd D., I Tweet Honestly, I Tweet Passionately: Twitter Users, Context Collapse, and the Imagined Audience. New Media & Society, 2011, 13, էջ 115։

    Melissa G. Hunt, Rachel Marx, Courtney Lipson, Jordyn Young, No more FOMO: limiting social media decreases loneliness and depression // Journal of social and clinical psychology, dec 2018, vol. 37, issue 10, էջ 751-768։

    Jon D. Elhai, Jason C. Levine, Robert D. Dvorak, Brian J. Hall,

    Fear of missing out, need for touch, anxiety and depression are related to problematic smartphone use,

    Computers in Human Behavior, Volume 63, 2016, էջ 510։ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.05.079.

  • PHILOSOPHY

    The Dialogical Theory of M.M. Bakhtin as a Form of Interaction of Cultures

    Hripsime Zakaryan
    View PDF
    Abstract

    Recently, the problem of dialogue has been widely considered by philosophers, literary critics, linguists, culturologists, art historians and representatives of other scientific areas of the history of social thought.

    A special influence on the development of Western literary criticism and philosophical thought since the late 1960s. provided by the theory of dialogism of the Russian philosopher, art theorist, culturologist M. Bakhtin. In Bakhtin's ideas, dialogue is the basis of existence: to be means to communicate dialogically. According to M. Bakhtin, the creator is constantly in dialogue with traditional and innovative works of art in search of new forms. The starting point of his judgments are the special dialogical relations of Dostoevsky's heroes. Dostoevsky, in Bakhtinian definitions, with his wealth of polyphonic characters, formed an innovative device in world literature - the beginning of the "polyphonic novel". Analyzing the features of dialogues in Dostoevsky's novels, depicting the method of creating a person in the space of dialogue, he shows the impossibility of a person's existence outside of dialogue.

    The concept of "cultural dialogue", first used by M. Bakhtin, is understood as a close correlation of different cultural layers with the cultural past. Dialogical relations, in his opinion, can manifest themselves between different sign systems. Therefore, dialogue is also a cultural phenomenon.

    The article is devoted to the study of the process of formation of Bakhtin's philosophical concepts, who considers dialogue as an ontological category. In Bakhtin's concepts, dialogue is perceived as "communication" between "I" and "you" ("I" and "other"), that is, it is predominantly social in nature.

    The purpose of the article is to consider the features of the development and manifestation of the Bakhtinian theory of "dialogue", to show the ideological and theoretical prerequisites for dialogue, the development of ideas in Bakhtin's epistemology as a methodological principle that is different from a monologue

    References

    Бахтин М. М. К методологии гуманитарных наук // Бахтин М. М. Эстетика словесного творчества. М.: Изд. «Искусство М., 1979, c. 373.

    Бахтин М. М. Проблемы поэтики Достоевского. М.: Изд. «Художественная литература». М., 1972, с. 114.

    Бахтин М. М. Проблемы поэтики Достоевского, 1972, с. 45.

    Бахтин М. М. Формы времени и хронотопа в романе // Вопросы литературы и эстетики. М.: Изд. «Художественная литература», 1975, с. 446.

    Кристева Ю. Бахтин, слово, диалог и роман // Французская семиотика: От структурализма к постструктурализму. Пер. с франц., сост., вступ. ст. Г.К. Косикова. М.: ИГ Прогресс, 2000.c. 429.

    Бахтин М. М. Эстетика словесного творчества. М.: Изд. «Искусство», 1986, c. 337.

    Бахтин М. М. Автор и герой в эстетической деятельности // Бахтин М. М. Эстетика словесного творчества, 1986, c. 126.

    Առավել մանրամասն տե՛ս Волошинов В. Н. («Бахтин под маской» (1)). Фрейдизм. М.: Изд. «Лабиринт», 1993.

    Бахтин М. М. Эстетика словесного творчества, 1979, с. 331.

    Бахтин М. М. Творчество Франсуа Рабле и народная культура средневековья и Ренессанса. М.: Изд. «Художественная литература», 1990, с. 533.

    Бахтин М. М. Собрание сочинений. Т.5. М., 1997, էջ 424.

    Бахтин М. М. Эстетика словесного творчества, 1979, с. 335.

    Бахтин М. М. К философским основам гуманитарных наук // Бахтин М. М. Автор и герой. К философ ским основам гуманитарных наук. СПб.: Изд. «Азбука», 2000 c. 228–229.

    Бахтин М. М. Эстетика словесного творчества, с. 364.

    Бахтин М. М. Проблемы поэтики Достоевского, 1979, с. 71.

  • PHILOSOPHY

    Sociocultural Foundations of Disruptive Dehavior

    Ovsanna Nahapetyan
    View PDF
    Abstract

    The modern world is experiencing rapid and contradictory processes of transformation that affect all areas of human life. These processes provide more food for thought than any other period has ever provided. As much as the era is oversaturated with scientific discoveries, we cannot help but notice that the absolutism from the spiritual (moral) to the bankrupt rationality is hopeless and destructive for humanity. The mind without complete moral control satisfies the needs of the human individual for physical existence (mainly biological) and can lead to the psychological regression of the individual. The increase in destructiveness in post-industrial societies is perhaps the price that man pays for rejecting traditional norms, ignoring moral and ethical guidelines. The wars going on in the world, the terrorist acts and revolutions, the increase in crime and the ecological disasters are the evidence that destructiveness and aggression have become the characteristics of the current civilization. It is indisputable that the source, driving force and result of this crisis is man. In this case, it is necessary to understand how a situation is possible when a person, as an active creative being, becomes a destroyer who nullifies the possibility of his own existence. If a person who has adopted a destructive culture does not stop and cannot find a "key" that will enable him to remain in the present, as well as to open the door to the near future, he can destroy not only himself, but also the entire humanity.

    References

    Հարարի Յ. XXI դարի 21 դասերը, Եր. 2020, էջ 128:

    Назаретян А.П., Антропология насилия и культура самоорганизации., М., 2008, էջ 13-14:

    Էդվարդ Հարությունյան։ Մարդկային կեցության այլակերպումները։Եր․,2018, էջ 9։

    Էմիլ Սիորան։ Ծնված լինելու անհարմարության մասին։ Եր․, 2008, էջ198։

    Tinbergen Ν., On War and Peace in Animals and Man, in: Science, Washington, 1968, էջ 1412:

    Հարությունյան Է․Ա․Մարդկային կեցության այլակերպումները։ Եր․, 2019, էջ 15:

    Дюркгейм Э. Самоубийство: Социологический этюд, М., 1994. էջ 399:

    Фромм Э. Анатомия человеческой деструктивности. М.,1994, էջ 316։

    Камю А. Бунтующий человек. М.; Политиздат, 1990., էջ 122:

    Фромм Э. Бегство от свободы. М., 1989, էջ 154:

    Бауман З. Индивидуализированное общество, М., 2005, էջ 164:

    Бауман З. Индивидуализированное общество, М., 2005, էջ 118:

    Назаретян А.П., Антропология насилия и культура самоорганизации., М., 2008, էջ 13-14:

    Фромм Э. , Здоровое общество, 2011, էջ. 397:

PSYCHOLOGY

  • PSYCHOLOGY

    Students’ Academic Engagement in Higher Education: The Role of Age and Education-Related Challenges

    Astghik Serobyan, Edita Arakelyan
    View PDF
    Abstract

    The academic engagement of students is important both for the organization and for the effectiveness of the educational process. The purpose of the article is to identify the role of the factors that promote or prevent the educational activity of students. The main factors that are taken into consideration are age characteristics and difficulties in educational activities. The study sample consisted of 18-25-year-old students of various universities of RA with bachelor's and master's degrees (180 students, 61% of whom are women). According to the results, Self-Focus is positively significant for academic engagement. Negative emotions in a non-modern educational environment are positive predictors and Communication difficulties are predictors for social engagement. Grades are crucial for both the academic and social engagement of students. The results of the study will be useful in the process of developing the educational policy of universities, as well as in assessing the effectiveness of the introduction of new educational practices.

    References

    Գրիգորյան Ա․, Սերոբյան Ա․, Խաչատրյան Ն․, Ուսանողների կյանքի դժվարությունների ուսումնասիրման հարցարանի մշակում եվ հոգեչափողական բնութագրերի վերլուծություն, 2022, № 2, էջ 63-74/ http://www.ysu.am/files/06A_Grigoyan_A_Serobyan_N_Khachatryan.pdf 17.04.2023

    Малошонок Н., Студенческая вовлечённость: почему важно изучать процесс обучения, а не только его результат? // Мониторинг университета. № 6: էջ 11–21.

    Малошонок Н., Геннадьевна Н., "Студенческая вовлеченность" как социальное явление: теория и методология исследованиятема диссертации и автореферата по ВАК РФ 22.00.01, էջ 25.

    Поливанова К.Н. (2016), Детство в меняющемся мире// Современная зарубежная психология. Том 5 № 2. doi: 10.17759/jmfp.2016050201, էջ 7.

    Alexander W. A. (1999), Student Involvement: A Developmental Theory for Higher Education, Journal of College Student Development, VOL 40 NO 5, SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER, էջ 518-529․ Jang H., Supporting students' motivation, engagement, and learning during an uninteresting activity. Journal of Educational Psychology, 208, էջ 798-811, Малошонок Н., Студенческая вовлечённость: почему важно изучать процесс обучения, а не только его результат? // Мониторинг университета. № 6: էջ 11–21

    Arnett J.J. (2000), Emerging adulthood: A theory of development from the late teens through the twenties. American Psychologist, 55 (5), էջ 18-25․ Arnett J.J. (2004), Emerging adulthood: The winding road from the late teens through the twenties. New York: Oxford University Press, էջ 20.

    Arnett J.J. (2006), Emerging adulthood: Understanding the new way of coming of age. In J. J. Arnett & J. L. Tanner (Eds.), Emerging adults in America: Coming of age in the 21st century, DC: APA Books, Washington, էջ 3–19, Arnett J.J. (2000), Emerging adulthood: A theory of development from the late teens through the twenties. American Psychologist, 55 (5), էջ 469-480., Hornblower M. (1997), Great expectations. Time, 129(23), June 9, էջ 58-68.

    Arnet J.J. (2007), Emerging Adulthood: What Is It, and What Is It Good for? , Journal compilation, Society for Research in Child Development Volume 1 Number 2, էջ 68–73

    Astin A. (1984) Student Involvement: a Developmental Theory for Higher Education // Journal of College Student Development. Vol. 25. No. 4, էջ 518-529.

    Karen C. H. Z., Beverley J. W., Ronnel B. K., Johnson C. H. Li, Tony S. H. Ch. (2018), Higher Education Student Engagement Scale (HESES): Development and Psychometric Evidence, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2018, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature, էջ 219-244

    Konstam V. (2007), Emerging and young Adulthood Multiple Perspectives, Diverse Narratives, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 2007, Reifman A., Arnett, J. J., Colwell M. J., Emerging adulthood: Theory, assessment, and application. Journal of Youth Development, 2 (1), էջ 1-12.

    Pace R. (1984), Measuring the Quality of College Student Experiences. An Account of the Development and Use of the College Student Experience Questionnaire. Los Angeles: Higher Education Research Institute Graduate School of Education University of California, էջ 4-21․

    Reifman A., Arnett, J. J., Colwell M. J. (2007), Emerging adulthood: Theory, assessment, and application. Journal of Youth Development, 2 (1), էջ 469-480.

  • PSYCHOLOGY

    Armenian Advertising Market in the Field of Media Psychology

    Satenik Grigoryan
    View PDF
    Abstract

    Nowadays, with a wide variety of choices available in the market, advertising is the best solution for promoting a product. Various psychological techniques are used to create effective advertising, such as brand recognition of the product, color tactics, frequency of circulation, selection of the target groups, use of a memorable and appropriate slogan, use of alternative methods, etc. The purpose of the work is a separate consideration of advertising from the point of view of its influence on a person and his value system.

    Nowadays, the media, saturated with multi-genre information, introduce ideas, and values into our subconscious, against which our consciousness is powerless. Advertisers do not give each other the right to create models, to determine the standards of life to which we willy-nilly submit. Watching the Armenian media, we notice that Western values are rooted in us, and it takes enough time to be able to break them and create new ones. Often the advertising market adheres to a certain policy without clear tactics, where competition plays the main role. In this struggle, the functional, psychological, value, ethical, and legislative aspects of advertising products are often ignored.

    References

    Гриднер Дж., Бэндлер Р., Из лягушек в принцы, Воронеж, 1993

    Мацумото Д., Психология и культура, СПб., 2002, с. 79-87

    ՀՀ օրենքը վիճակախաղերի մասին, https://www.arlis.am/documentview.aspx?docid=75459

    ՀՀ օրենքը շահումով խաղերի և խաղատների մասին, https://www.arlis.am/documentview.aspx?docid=80275Ռոսգոսստրախ արմենիա / Հենրիկ Մխիթարյանի գովազդային հոլովակը, Apr 17, 2015, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5GrtLGiEa4A

    Factory production, Towards a new reality Evoca Bank, Nov 3, 2017, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U8FWDjF2mPU&feature=youtu.be&fbclid=IwAR3mZRXY5hBoz8Ue2ufnL7F1NdL1n5KxOuiZD_mrrc6e7flzNFKCNoGfpJg

    TotoGaming - Ձեր խաղադրույքը, Jul 23, 2015, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T2pbhZTAGYo

    ARARAT New Range, PernodRichardArmenia, Apr 22, 2011, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RWEq85DiS3s