FLSP international journal is a collection of scientific articles presented by FLSP practitioners inside and out Armenia targeting at professional experience exchange and concurrent development of FLSP methodologies.
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IMMIGRANT'S FRENCH IN SOCIO-LINGUISTIC TRANSFORMATION CONDITIONS
France is a multicultural society where a variety of languages are spoken. With this variety however, French still remains the main language used in public and professional spheres. The native languages of immigrants has had its fair impact on French, particularly on a spoken level. Are these influences a direct threat for the Academic French? We think yes, because over time this impact becomes bigger and unmanageable. However, the Academic French continues to dominate in circles of senior citizens who sometimes announce their dissatisfaction with pampering of their language. What steps should be taken so that French does not become a mixed language? 1. First of all it is necessary to reduce the use of strange words (anglicisms, frenglish words, Arabian words) and increase the use of their French equivalents. 2. It's necessary to create, to open free centers for immigrants to learn not only French but French culture which is also important. The French language is one of the richest languages in the world by its vocabulary and this linguistic richness makes French not only a beautiful language but also a practical one for precise communication in various contexts.
Copyright (c) 2025 Zaruhi Arakelyan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
RHETORICAL FEATURES OF POLITICAL DISCOURSE
Based on the analysis of Donald Trump's 2025 inaugural speech, the article analyses the use of different persuasive strategies by means of such rhetorical devices as ethos, logos and pathos. Among most often used strategies were such ones as persuasion, self-presentation, legitimization, delegitimization while the most often used rhetorical devices were ethos, and pathos. The study showed that in modern political discourse the appeal to emotions prevail over rational argumentation. Though rhetorical means of persuasion are effectively used to mobilize and unite supporters, the existence of the opposition "us vs them" shows that political discourse is not neutral but ideologically polarized, aimed at persuasion, mobilization of supporters and discrediting opponents.
Copyright (c) 2025 Samvel Abrahamyan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
BRIDGING LANGUAGE AND LAW: THE IMPORTANCE OF LEGAL ENGLISH FOR ESL STUDENTS
Legal English plays a cornerstone role in the academic and professional development of ESL (English as a Second Language) students studying law or law-related disciplines. This article examines the importance of legal English proficiency, emphasizing its impact on students' comprehension of legal texts, participation in academic discussions, and development of future professional competencies. Legal language is characterized by a specialized vocabulary, complex syntactic structures, and culturally embedded concepts, which often pose significant challenges for ESL learners. The article argues that insufficient mastery of legal English can hinder students’ analytical skills, legal reasoning, and effective communication in both written and oral contexts. Moreover, it highlights the need for targeted pedagogical approaches that integrate language instruction with legal content, enabling ESL students to bridge the gap between general English proficiency and the demands of legal discourse. By emphasizing the link between legal English competence and academic success, this study advocates for the inclusion of specialized legal English courses in law curricula. Such integration is essential not only for improving academic performance but also for preparing ESL students to operate confidently and ethically in international and multilingual legal environments.
Copyright (c) 2025 Anna Ayvazyan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AS AN INNOVATIVE TOOL IN ESP COURSES
English for Specific Purposes (ESP) courses are designed to meet the language needs of learners in professional and academic contexts. In recent years, the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) tools into ESP instruction has attracted growing interest among language teaching researchers and practitioners, who recognize AI’s potential to improve learning outcomes, provide personalized instruction, and address the diverse needs of learners. AI technologies, including chatbots, intelligent tutoring systems, speech synthesis, and adaptive learning platforms, offer innovative approaches to language teaching by providing interactive, responsive, and data-driven learning experiences. This article explores the advantages, limitations, and practical applications of AI tools in ESP courses. It presents examples of AI implementation, analyzes their effectiveness in developing learners' linguistic competence and engagement, and discusses pedagogical strategies for integrating these tools into a course design. While AI offers significant benefits, such as individualized feedback, error correction, and increased learner autonomy, it also presents challenges, including technical requirements, ethical considerations, and the need for teacher training. The study evaluates the opportunities and limitations of AI in ESP instruction and proposes measures to ensure effective integration and promote innovative, adaptive, and learner-centered approaches.
Copyright (c) 2025 Naira Ayvazyan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
RHETORIC AS A TOOL OF LEGAL ARGUMENTATION
One of the fundamental purposes of communication is persuasion. For legal professionals, persuasive ability is not merely advantageous but essential, as case outcomes often hinge on it. Persuasion—understood as a refined art—is achieved through the strategic use of rhetorical techniques. To deliver compelling arguments, lawyers must develop rhetorical competence as well as a deep understanding of how to construct coherent, persuasive speeches. Opening statements and closing arguments, in particular, serve as crucial moments in which attorneys can appeal to the jury’s emotions. This research examines theories on how rhetoric and persuasion contribute to effective legal discourse. Drawing on scholarly works in the field, the article applies cognitive and critical approaches to demonstrate the role of rhetoric in legal contexts. The findings suggest that understanding how rhetoric functions helps reveal the strategies and skills that underline persuasive courtroom advocacy.
Copyright (c) 2025 Seda Gasparyan, Zara Hayrapetyan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
HATE SPEECH AS A DISCURSIVE PRACTICE IN EMC
The online discourse has undergone profound changes due to the emergence of different technological advances, which make online communication resemble face-to-face interaction. Unlike in traditional face-to-face interaction, where non-verbal cues are readily apparent, electronically-mediated communication still presents challenges in effectively conveying such non-verbal cues through text, complicating the interpretation process, especially in the context of hate speech. The non-verbal means are partially substituted by emoticons, GIFs, and vowel repetition. Hate speech has become an indivisible part of online discourse due to the anonymity and time distance factors. Interlocutors are more prone to use hate speech in online discourse with impunity violating all the rules of the netiquette. The article studies the linguistic and nonverbal means used to express hatred, emphasizing the challenges posed by electronically mediated communication (EMC). Through the analysis of real-life examples, such as [specific examples of hate speech in online interactions], the work elucidates how hate speech manifests in online interactions, underscoring the role of language and visual elements in perpetuating discriminatory attitudes and harmful stereotypes. The Critical Discourse Analysis has been employed to highlight the expression of hate speech in online communication.
Copyright (c) 2025 Narine Madoyan, Arpineh Madoyan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
THE CHALLENGES OF ADVERTISING AND CONSUMER NEEDS IN BUSINESS COMMUNICATION
Today, the world is heavily influenced by advertisements. In business, advertising is a form of communication that persuades and motivates individuals to take specific actions. A well-planned advertising campaign is crucial for driving high-quality traffic to the website and generating leads. It is a strategy for convincing a buyer to purchase a product. When creating and developing plans, it is important to approach the process with innovative and unconventional thinking. Companies should have a strong promotional strategy to compete in a highly competitive market. Several factors influence the consumer's decision-making process. Marketing-dominated stimulus is one of the most important factors in persuading customers to make a purchase. Advertising significantly impacts consumer demand and the entire consumer decision-making process. In other words, advertising grabs people's attention, builds brand recognition, and sparks interest in the promoted goods. Therefore, understanding consumer needs and developing suitable advertising strategies will help refine and grow the business.
Copyright (c) 2025 Marianna Ohanyan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
WEBQUESTS AS A MEDIUM FOR IMPLEMENTING COLLABORATIVE ONLINE INTERNATIONAL LEARNING (COIL) PROJECTS
With the advent of Information and Communication of Technologies (ICT), Collaborative Online International Learning (COIL) projects have become a vital component of university education, connecting higher educational institutions (HEIs) worldwide. This form of virtual exchange enables students to engage in meaningful cross-cultural communication and collaboration, thereby fostering the internationalization of higher education. The methodological framework of this article lies in the implementation of Project-Based Learning (PBL) as a means of fostering students' critical thinking and creativity. This article underscores the effectiveness of integrating PBL into COIL projects as a strategy for enhancing student learning outcomes. The study aims to demonstrate that incorporating WebQuest creation within a PBL framework will lead to meaningful learning experiences. The article presents the effectiveness of a COIL experience implemented between São Paulo State Technological Colleges (Brazil) and Yerevan State University (Armenia) in February-March 2024. The project engaged students in creating seven WebQuests collaboratively in international teams based on the provided themes. The results of the study indicate that integrating WebQuest creation as a PBL medium enhances students’ ability to create resources, which could serve as learning materials in HEIs. The results of the survey conducted after the project reveal a generally positive experience with this COIL project. The study concludes that implementation of such initiatives should be fostered in the educational process.
Copyright (c) 2025 Anoush Ayunts, Edilene Fernandes, Elen Dias, Patricia Barbosa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
THE IMPORTANCE OF PROVIDING LANGUAGE COMMUNICATION MATERIAL IN ADVANCED ENGLISH COURSE
When organizing an advanced English language course, it is necessary to select and teach language material from new methodological perspectives. The development of socio-cultural awareness is a prerequisite for mastering language material. In other words, communicative awareness is based not on linguistic, but on socio-cultural and pragmatic awareness. From the perspective of advanced English learning, it is important that learners master the language as a means of communication. In the new methodical system, the role of grammatical knowledge is not underestimated, but the development of communication abilities and skills remains the priority. The main goal of advanced English learning is not grammatical rules, but effective assimilation of speech patterns.
Copyright (c) 2025 Naira Hayrapetyan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
ON THE PECULIARITIES OF TEACHING SPANISH PERSONAL PRONOUNS TO AN ARMENIAN-SPEAKING AUDIENCE
This study is dedicated to the teaching of Spanish personal pronouns. The use of personal pronouns in Spanish often appears quite complex to Armenian learners, as well as to other foreigners studying Spanish. The article thoroughly examines modern teaching methods that contribute to the effective teaching, acquisition, and correct usage of Spanish personal pronouns. The relevance of this article is conditioned by the growing demand for the Spanish language worldwide and the increasing number of learners from various national backgrounds. The article addresses the main approaches that play a key role in teaching Spanish personal pronouns and, through a learner-centered approach, make the process of mastering them more accessible.
Copyright (c) 2025 Lilit Saroyan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
ANALYSIS OF PROFESSIONAL ARTICLES ON LEGAL ISSUES IN PUBLICISTIC STYLE
The present paper studies professional articles on legal issues targeted at a broad readership focusing on their stylistic and genre-based diversity. The study shows that the articles noted above blend features of both scientific and publicistic styles utilizing expressive stylistic devices determined by their communicative tasks and goals to target a wider range of audience.
Copyright (c) 2025 Margaret Apresyan, Mariam Karapetyan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
THE APPLICATION OF AI-POWERED AND DIGITAL TOOLS IN TEACHING VOCABULARY
This paper aims at highlighting the importance of incorporating some digital and AI tools in the process of teaching vocabulary. Traditional methods will always remain at the core of teaching, however, with the development of new technologies, teachers also need to change their approaches and methods by incorporating digital activities into their course. This helps to attract the attention of the new generation that has grown on digital tools. Although teachers often do not warmly welcome the application of AI tools by the side of learners and continue to recommend them not to rely on artificial intelligence for fulfilling their tasks, students continue to widely apply them for their curricular activities. It increasingly becomes impossible to stop learners from using those tools in their study. Thus, teachers have no other choice than to make this challenge into a chance. For doing this, teachers could elaborate relevant approaches to include these modern-day tools in their lesson planning and to transform their teaching methods according to the new tendencies. The research was carried out by the application of the experimental method to foster student engagement and to provide our study with practical value, as well as with empirical evidence. This method also helped us create proper conditions for students to apply the newly acquired knowledge in practice. The results and findings discussed in this research have shown that the application of AI-powered tools in teaching vocabulary can lead to effective and active teaching in different educational institutions. Moreover AI-powered digital tools help the teacher choose certain tasks and vocabulary levels according to the individual needs of every learner, which provides the course with effectiveness and raises its productivity.
Copyright (c) 2025 Satenik Saroyan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ITS INTEGRATION INTO TEACHING LEGAL ENGLISH
The aim of this article is to study Artificial Intelligence in the context of teaching and learning. AI offers remarkable opportunities to enhance the teaching and learning of Legal English. The tools can help law students develop the linguistic competence and legal reasoning they need to thrive in a global legal environment. AI is revolutionizing not only how law is taught but also how specialized subjects like Legal English are delivered and understood. However, like in any other sphere, in legal and educational spheres as well, AI must be implemented thoughtfully and ethically, with full awareness of its capabilities and shortcomings.
Copyright (c) 2025 Kristina Mkrtchyan, Lusine Mnatsakanyan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF CONSTRUCTING A FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEXTBOOK FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSES
Foreign language textbooks designed for specific purposes (ESP) play a crucial role in developing specialized communication skills essential for success in professional or academic fields. Unlike general language learning resources, these textbooks are tailored to meet the distinct linguistic, cultural, and contextual needs of their target audience. They aim to equip learners with practical tools for navigating real-world situations in specific domains, such as business, medicine, law, or engineering. By focusing on relevant vocabulary, terminology, and communicative strategies, ESP textbooks enable learners to achieve high proficiency levels in their specialized areas, enhancing their overall effectiveness and competence in the field. Creating an effective ESP textbook requires adherence to several fundamental principles. These principles guide every stage of the textbook development process, ensuring that the content is relevant, practical, and adaptable to the learners’ specific goals. From conducting a comprehensive needs analysis to integrating authentic materials and task-based learning approaches, the construction of such textbooks is a carefully planned and deliberate process. Furthermore, ESP textbooks must strike a balance between teaching language skills and addressing field-specific demands, such as technical terminology, professional etiquette, and cultural awareness. The design process also emphasizes modularity, allowing educators to adapt materials for different learner levels and contexts. Flexibility is key, as the diverse needs of target audiences necessitate customizable structures and activities. Additionally, the integration of measurable learning outcomes and regular assessments ensures learners can track their progress and apply their skills confidently in professional scenarios. By following these principles, educators and textbook developers can create resources that not only teach language but also empower learners to engage effectively in their chosen fields. This article explores these foundational principles in detail, highlighting their significance and providing a blueprint for constructing foreign language textbooks tailored to specific purposes. The purpose of the article is to specify the theoretical (conceptual) foundations of designing an English language textbook that meets the modern requirements of teaching English for Specific Purposes (ESP), thus considering the conceptual foundations of designing a textbook as a systemic description of the textbook, the principles of its construction, external and internal factors influencing its content, as well as the requirements for its use. The purpose of this article is to outline the theoretical foundations for designing an English language textbook that aligns with modern requirements for teaching English for Specific Purposes (ESP). This includes examining the conceptual framework for textbook development as a systematic description encompassing the textbook's structure, guiding principles, external and internal factors influencing its content, and the practical requirements for its effective use in educational settings.
Copyright (c) 2025 Lusine Grigoryan, Ruzanna Gevorgyan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
THE ISSUES OF NATIONAL IDENTITY IN AMERICAN POLITICAL DISCOURSE
The article discusses the main issues of national identity in American political discourse on the basis of analysis of the inaugural addresses of the American presidents. It has been shown that American presidents’ inaugural speeches are rooted in traditional American civic and moral values, particularly emphasizing liberty, democracy, equality, justice and unity as traits of national identity. These themes serve as both a call to action and a reaffirmation of enduring national principles, traits and values of the American people. It has also been shown that the significance attributed to different traits of national identity can change depending on political, economic, social and other factors. In this regard, the article examines the different interpretations of national identity used by American presidents in their inaugural addresses, the speech strategies and tactics of its construction and expression.
THE FEATURES OF THE INVESTIGATION OF THE TEXT: OFFICIAL STYLE
The present article is devoted to the investigation of the text belonging to the official style of the language which sets up a goal of exploring the main characteristics of the formal writing. The analysis involves the study of the special vocabulary and syntax which distinguishes the official from other types of writing. Formal, impersonal tone, precise terminology, specific syntax, accuracy, reliability-these are the key features of the official style of writing.
Copyright (c) 2024 Mariam Karapetyan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
THE STRUCTURE OF THE LEGISLATIVE SENTENCE
The present article highlights the main distinguishing features of a legislative text, mainly focusing on specific characteristics of the legislative sentence as the smallest unit of syntax in the legal discourse. The investigation of the legislative sentence underscores the specificity of syntactic structure of the Language for Law.
Copyright (c) 2024 Margaret Apresyan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
FORMS AND FEATURES OF EDUCATIONAL MODELLING
The purpose of the article is to present the importance of modeling in teaching. In the article the general types of models are examined. The concept of modeling, the connection between the concepts of modeling and design, the modeling functions are distinguished. The significance of the use of modeling in practical teaching is great, which can be realized through the study of its functions.
Copyright (c) 2024 Kristina Mkrtchyan, Lusine Mnatsakanyan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
EVALUATION AS A MEANS OF PERSUASION IN ENGLISH POLITICAL DISCOURSE
The main goal of political discourse is to influence people and its main communicative strategy can be defined as the strategy of persuasion which involves such substrategies as manipulation, argumentation and evaluation. Evaluation / appraisal is an important part of the strategy of persuasion and is mainly connected with the affective domain. It includes such categories as attitude consisting of feelings, judgements and appreciations, as well as engagement and graduation. The research has shown that in English political discourse emotional evaluations and appraisals, both positive and negative, explicit and implicit, prevail over logical ones. Influenced by the basic semantic opposition of political discourse “we – they” and reflecting the relevant stance of the speaker, different types of evaluative statements tend to provoke in the audience feelings similar to those of the speaker, shape listeners’ perception, reinforce or change their cognition and opinion, predetermine their emotional reactions and actions.
Copyright (c) 2024 Samvel Abrahamyan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
TECHNOLOGY OF TEACHING ANALYTICAL READING OF LITERARY TEXT
In a philologically oriented English language course, various technologies for analytical reading of literary text are used. There are various technologies of analytical reading: technologies of fast, rational, dynamic reading, technology of developing critical thinking, technology of using various reading strategies, technology of reflective reading at different levels, technology of speech analysis, etc.. When developing and organizing each course lesson, the problem of concretizing the technology of analytical reading of a literary text arises. It is important that teachers constantly develop their methodological arsenal and study the technologies of analytical reading. Consistent reading of foreign language fiction is a necessary and important condition for using the technologies mentioned. Besides, both teachers and students should read works of art. It is effective to present a reading list to students at the beginning of the course. Besides, it is effective when the student himself chooses from the mentioned list the minimum that he should read. It is effective when reading each literary work begins with an awareness of a clear purpose and problems of reading. To use the technology of cognitive-discourse analytical reading demands to carry out serious and consistent preparatory work. It is important in this sense, to study both linguistic and literary works in native and foreign languages.
Copyright (c) 2024 Igor Karapetyan, Ruzanna Gevorgyan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
SOME PECULIARITIES OF TEACHING SPANISH VOCABULARY TO ARMENIAN STUDENTS
The present article is devoted to the study of methods of teaching the Spanish vocabulary to Armenian students. The article discusses modern teaching methods that contribute to the rapid enrichment and dynamic improvement of vocabulary. Actually the number of Armenian students that study Spanish has increased and very often it is necessary to improve the vocabulary and communication skills according to demands and profession. The article examines all the points that play a major role in teaching the Spanish vocabulary, as well as suggests an effective methodology based on a student-centered approach.
Copyright (c) 2024 Lilit Saroyan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The purpose of this study is to analyse the phenomenon known as Anglicism – a loan made from the English language to another language, in this case to French. The causes of existence of anglicisms in the French language are different: one of the causes is the incorrect or word-by-word translation from English into French, the dominant status of English in the world, the creation of new and contemporary technologies and their development and finally the desire of French young people to look trendier. Sometimes anglicisms existing in the French language are used so often that are absolutely adopted in the language and even appear in the dictionaries as complete French words. There are several cases when anglicisms are used more in the language than the already existing French equivalents. In this article we also analyse the phenomenon called “Frenglish” that has appeared recently and is mainly encouraged by French young people. We also come to prove that anglicisms are current in such areas as sport, in the judicial and parliamentary system, in the commercial spheres and more recently in film industry. Anglicisms continue to grow in French, expanding the circles in which they are used.
Copyright (c) 2024 Gayane Sargsyan, Zaruhi Arakelyan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
THE USE OF COMPLEX SENTENCES AND THE PROBLEM OF THEIR TRANSLATION IN INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS
This article is devoted to the study of complex sentences used in official legal documents. The use of complex syntactic structures is a must (mandatory) in formal writing. When there is a need to make the speech multi-content and full of information, the use of complex structures (sometimes with more than a dozen components) is simply inevitable. Therefore, the syntactic study of special multi-component connections characteristic of legal official style in general and the functional manifestation of documents and contracs in particular – is a necessary prerequisite for understanding the mentioned discourse variety. It is obvious that the translator should be familiar with all the types and forms of complex sentence structure in order to first understand the English meanings and then accurately present them in the Armenian translation.
Copyright (c) 2024 Varduhi Mirijanyan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
THE PROBLEM OF SELECTION OF AUTHENTIC TEXTS IN THE AREA ORIENTED ENGLISH COURSE
The selection of area studies texts for educational purposes is important from the point of view of their content, functions, educational potential, mastery of relevant vocabulary, and acquisition of background knowledge by students. The problem consists, on the one hand, in the selection of authentic area studies texts from the point of view of the didactic principle of accessibility, as well as the principle of consciousness. On the other hand, it is necessary to overcome the difficulties that arise when working with authentic texts within area studies. An important issue is also the development of the necessary procedures for working with authentic texts. It is also difficult to apply the principle of authenticity, which involves constant, consistent updating of sources, which can be taken from English weekly newspapers, magazines and various Internet sites. Though nowadays they are available on the Internet, their selection and use for educational purposes is very difficult. During the study, methods of content and component analysis of authentic texts, methods of analyzing their functional characteristics were used. In general, a comparative analysis reveals the features of didactic, authentic, quasi-authentic texts from the point of view of their use for educational purposes .
Copyright (c) 2024 Ruzan Kulikyan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
GAMIFICATION AND STUDENT MOTIVATION IN EFL CLASSROOM
In today’s educational landscape, the quest to enhance student engagement and motivation remains a paramount concern for educators, particularly in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classrooms. This article delves into the realm of gamification as a novel approach to address these challenges. It aims to explore the motivational effects of gamified learning experiences in high school and higher education settings, in view of their needs and profiles as well as the potential risks involved. Drawing on insights from experts and research findings, the article explores the concept of gamification and its potential to revolutionize learning experiences in EFL contexts. It examines the core principles of playful learning experiences, the essence of gamification, and its application in fostering student engagement. Through an analysis of design elements, advantages, and challenges, the article offers a comprehensive overview of gamification’s implications for language education. Moreover, it discusses considerations for its effective implementation to enhance student motivation and learning outcomes in EFL classrooms.
Copyright (c) 2024 Lusine Madoyan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
THE CONSTRUCTIVIST APPROACH AS THE MOST CRUCIAL PRINCIPLE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF A CURRICULUM FOR STUDYING ENGLISH FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSES IN A MODERN UNIVERSITY
The article explores the specifics of the constructivist approach in education and discusses the objectives of learning a foreign language. Constructivism is an educational theory and approach to learning that suggests learners actively construct their own knowledge and understanding of the world through their experiences, interactions, and reflections. The key principles of constructivism emphasize the learner's role in the learning process and the importance of meaningful, rich experiences. The constructivist approach emphasizes active learning, critical thinking, and problem-solving. In the context of developing a curriculum for studying English for specific purposes (ESP) in a modern university, the constructivist approach would involve: contextualized learning: designing the curriculum based on the specific needs and contexts of the learners. For English for specific purposes, this could mean tailoring the content to the professional or academic fields relevant to the students, such as business, science, or technology; interactive learning activities: integrating activities that encourage students to actively engage with the material. This could include group discussions, case studies, real-world projects, and simulations relevant to their specific field; authentic materials: using authentic materials like industry reports, academic journals, or workplace documents to expose students to the language they will encounter in their future professions; student-centered learning: shifting the focus from the teacher as the sole source of knowledge to students taking an active role in their own learning. This might involve projects, research, and presentations related to their specific field; assessment for learning: implementing assessments that measure not only language proficiency but also the application of language skills in real-world situations. This could involve practical tasks, presentations, or portfolios demonstrating their understanding in a professional context. The application of the constructivist approach in ESP aims to make the learning experience more meaningful and relevant to students' future endeavors, fostering a deeper understanding of the language within the specific context in which they will use it.
Copyright (c) 2024 Lusine Grigoryan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
RHETORIC AS AN IMPORTANT TOOL IN LEGAL DISCOURSE
The present article aims at highlighting the interrelationship between language, law and rhetoric, showing the extent to which language use influences legal discourse. Rhetoric is the art of persuasive speaking, a very vital element in the realm of law. It is an important tool in jurisprudence to present actions and evidence that helps to persuade the court to achieve the desired result. That art of persuasion is due to the circumstance of speaking wisely and intelligently. Thus, it is noteworthy to emphasize that the rhetorical use of language can be applied in the courtroom through the use of various strategic tricks that aim to achieve persuasion and/or manipulation.
Copyright (c) 2024 Anna Ayvazyan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
LEGAL AND ETHICAL ISSUES OF BUSINESS COMMUNICATION
The purpose of this article is to explore and analyze the legal and ethical issues of business communication that all large companies face in the complex global business environment of the 21st century. In today's technology-rich era, businesses are required to have an elaborate code of conduct and ethics that should be followed as a tool by every member of the organization. Along with business communication skills, there is also the legal aspect to consider. In international law, the legal aspects of business communication are problematic. Therefore, international companies in some countries rely on legal advice to ensure that they comply with all legal norms of communication. Some areas of business communications are strictly regulated by law, while others can lead to potential civil litigation. It is important to note that understanding the potential legal and ethical issues and implications of communication in business is important for both entrepreneurs and managers, as well as all employees.
Copyright (c) 2024 Naira Ayvazyan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
RELATIONSHIP OF STRUCTURAL LAYERS AND ONTIC LAYERS OF LANGUAGE COMPOSITION
In recent decades, the understanding of hierarchical levels of language has been largely based on the theory of Emile Benveniste. Linguistic composition is the totality of ontological and structural (hierarchical) levels of language. Each of the hierarchical components of language is clearly localized at each of the ontic levels. In the work, an attempt is made to present a new concept of levels based on new principles by crossing the hierarchical and ontic layers of language. Such an approach also makes it possible to define linguistic disciplines, based on the divisions of the theory of language in the case of hierarchy, based on interdisciplinary relations in the case of ontic layers.
Copyright (c) 2023 Davit Gyulzatyan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
SOME LINGUOSTYLISTIC PROPERTIES OF COUNCIL OF EUROPE CONVENTION ON ACCESS TO OFFICIAL DOCUMENTS AND ITS ARMENIAN TRANSLATION
The present article is devoted to the study of some linguostylistic features of Legal English in general and to the properties typical of the Council of Europe Convention on Access to Official Documents and its respective Armenian translation in particular. The purpose of the study is to analyze pieces of legal discourse, identifying its main features, especially those related to graphology, lexis, morphology and syntax. In particular, within the framework of this article an attempt has been made to present some linguostylistic peculiarities of Legal English (written) based on the study of a definite legal document. Parallels are drawn between the original text and its Armenian translation. The investigation has disclosed not only the degree of complexity of Legal English in both documents, but also emphasized the fact that the Convention has its own stereotyped format and structure, its typical choice of words and parts of speech, sentence length and construction. The Armenian translation of the original document is well done, suggesting that the translator has had specialized knowledge relevant to the given field which has resulted in a competent and correct translation.
Copyright (c) 2023 Varduhi Mirijanyan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0