| E - ISSN | : | 2953-8203 |
| P - ISSN | : | 2953-819X |
Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025)
Full Issue
Articles
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Articles
Ewer, Garden and Gardening: An Edition of Berk. 25 and Revised Readings of Berlin 26, Berk. 11, and Berk. 122 Documents Belonging to the Pahlavi Archive of Hastijan
AbstractThe publication of research findings on the documents that today should be referred to as the Pahlavi Archive of Hastijan[1], began in 1991 with an article by Gignoux (1991). These studies were continued by Gignoux himself and Weber, resulting in significant advances in our understanding of the archive. Weber’s involvement in the research, along with his valuable contributions, notably accelerated progress and greatly improved the precision of the interpretations. Despite their extensive efforts, a portion of the documents still requires rereading and retranslation. It is important to emphasize, however, that the possibility for younger researchers like myself to undertake such tasks today is entirely thanks to the remarkable groundwork and deep expertise of both Gignoux and Weber.
ReferencesAnsari, M. R. (ed.) (2006/1385), Tārīx-e Qom [The History of Qom], Qom: Ketābxāne-ye Omoumī-ye Āyatollāh Marʿašī Naǰafī. In Persian.
Asefi, N. (2023a), “A New Middle Persian Document from Hastijan belonging to the Farroxzād Family”, Berkeley Working Papers in Middle Iranian Philology, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 1-14.
Asefi, N. (2023b), “Āzādmard in the Pahlavi Archive of Hastijan”, Sasanian Studies: Late Antique Iranian World / Sasanidische Studien: Spätantike iranische Welt, vol 2, no. 1, pp. 1–26.
Asefi, N. (2024a), “Frāy in Seven Documents from the Pahlavi Archive of Hastijan”, DABIR, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 1-26.
Asefi, N. (2024b), An analytical research on the parchment, leather, and textile manuscripts in Sasanian Middle Persian language from Qom (PhD dissertation), Tehran: Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies. In Persian.
Asefi, N., and Mirfakhraie, M. (2024), “Bāyegānī-ye asnād-e pahlavī-ye Hastiǰān” [Pahlavi Archive of Hastijan], Journal of Persian language and Iranian Dialects, vol. 8, no. 2. pp. 143- 163. In Persian.
Azarpay, G., 2003, “Bullae from the Pahlavi Archive at the University of California, Berkeley”, in: Ērān ud Anērān. Studies presented to Boris Ilich Marshak on the occasion of his 70th birthday (Transoxiana Webfestschrift Series 1), ed. M. Compareti, P. Raffetta, and G. Scarcia, Buenos Aires: Transoxiana. http://www.transoxiana.org/Eran/Articles/azarpay.html.
Gignoux, Ph. (1991), “Une nouvelle collection de documents en pehlevi cursif du début du septièmes siècle de notre ère”, Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, 135ᵉ année, N. 4, pp. 683-700. https://doi.org/10.3406/crai.1991.15035.
Gignoux, Ph. (2009), “Les documents économiques de Xwarēn”, in: Trésors d’Orient: Mélanges offerts à Rika Gyselen (Studia Iranica 42), ed. Ph. Gignoux, Ch. Jullien, and F. Jullien, Paris: Association pour l’Avancement des Études Iraniennes, pp. 81–102.
Gignoux, Ph. (2010), “La collection de textes attribuables à Dādēn-Vindād dans l’archive pehlevie de Berkeley”, in: Sources for the History of Sasanian and Post Sasanian Iran (Res Orientales 19), ed. R Gyselen, Bures-sur-Yvette: Groupe pour l’Étude de la Civilisation du Moyen-Orient, pp. 11-134.
Gignoux, Ph. (2012), “Une Archive post-Sassanide du Tabarestān (I)”, in: Objets et documents inscrits en pārsīg (Res Orientales 21), ed. R. Gyselen, Bures-sur-Yvette: Groupe pour l’Étude de la Civilisation du Moyen-Orient, pp. 29-96.
Gignoux, Ph. (2013), “Les documents de Dādēn dans l’Archive de Berkeley/Berlin”, in: Commentationes Iranicae (Sbornik statej k 90-letiju V. A. Livšica), ed. P. Lur’e, and S. Tokhtas’ev, St. Petersburg: Nestor Istorija, pp. 157–165.
Nemati, M. R., Asefi N., and Sharahi I. (forthcoming), “New Discoveries from the First Excavation Season at Zel Cave in Hashtijan, Delijan, Iran.”
Macuch, M. (2008), “Anhang VI: Zur juristischen Terminologie der Berliner Pahlavi Dokumente. in: Berliner Pahlavi-Dokumente. Zeugnisse spätsassanidischer Brief- und Rechtskultur aus frühislamischer Zeit (Iranica 15), ed. D. Weber, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, pp. 249–266.
Macuch, M. (2022), “Pahlavi legal documents from Tabarestān: The juristic contextof Tab. 12 and 26’’, in: Sometimes Sasanian, always ēr (Res Orientales 29), ed. R. Gyselen, Bures-sur-Yvette: Groupe pour l’Étude de la Civilisation du MoyenOrient, pp. 161–172.
Ramble, O. (2022), ‘‘Kerdīr’s bun-xānag and funding foundations in Sasanian Iran.’’ Studia Iranica, vol. 51, no. 2, pp. 163–203.
Weber, D., Krutzsch M., and Macuch M. (2008a), Berliner Pahlavi-Dokumente: Zeugnisse spätsassanidischer Brief- und Rechtskultur aus frühislamischer Zeit (Iranica 15), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
Weber, D. (2008b [2004]), “Minuscula Pahlavica (Pahlavi Notes)”, Bulletin of the Asia Institute, vol. 18, pp. 135-142.
Weber, D. (2012 [2008]), “New Arguments for Dating the Documents from the Pahlavi Archive.” Bulletin of the Asia Institute, New Series, Vol. 22, pp. 215-222.
Weber, D. (2014 [2010]), “Villages and estates in the documents from the Pahlavi Archive: the geographical background”, Bulletin of the Asia Institute, vol. 24, pp. 37-65.
Weber, D. (2015), “Spätsasanidische Preislisten im frühislamischen Iran”, in: Faszination Iran. Beiträgezur Religion, Geschichte und Kunst des alten Iran: Gedenkschrift für Klaus Schippmann (Göttinger Orientforschungen, 3. Reihe: Iranica 13), ed. Sh. Farridnejad, R. Gyselen, and A. Joisten-Pruschke, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, pp. 233–243.
Weber, D. (2016a), “Court records of lawsuits in Tabarestān in the year 86/7 PYE (737 CE): a physiological examination”, in: Word and Symbols. Sasanian Objects and the Tabarestān Archive (Res Orientales 24), éd. R. Gyselen, Leuven: Peeters Publishers, pp. 121-144.
Weber, D. (2016b [2012]), “Studies in some documents from the Pahlavi”, Bulletin of the Asia Institute, vol. 26, pp. 61-95.
Weber, D. (2019a), “Two unknown documents from the Pahlavi Archive”, Sasanika Papyrological Studies, no. 3. pp. 1-6.
Weber, D. (2019b), “Pahlavi legal documents from Tabarestān: Two claims and a re-evaluation of crop yields: a philological study of TAB. 21, 22, and 24”, in: Sasanian Persia and the Tabarestān Archive (Res Orientales 27), éd. R. Gyselen, Bures-sur-Yvette: Groupe pour l’étude de la civilisation du Moyen-Orient, pp. 91- 116.
Weber, D. (2021 [2020-2021]), “Studies in some documents from the ‘Pahlavi Archive’ (3)”: I. Breeding of poultry II. Aspbād, the ‘caretaker’, Bulletin of the Asia Institute, vol. 30, pp. 29–65.
Weber, D. (2022a), “Sasanian festivals in the documents from the Pahlavi Archive”, Sasanian Studies: Late Antique Iranian World / Sasanidische Studien: Spätantike iranische Welt, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 323- 345.
Weber, D. (2022b), “On the formal structure of checks in Pahlavi documents”, in: The Reward of The Righteous: Festschrift in Honor of Almut Hintze (Iranica 30), ed. A. Cantera, M. Macuch, and N. Sims-Williams, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, pp. 515-548.
Weber, D. (2023a), “Cooking in 7th century Iran”, Sasanian Studies: Late Antique Iranian World / Sasanidische Studien: Spätantike iranische Welt, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 287- 313.
Zeini, A. (2024), ‘‘The covenant that binds: Ownership of life in late antique Zoroastrianism’’, in: Deciphering the illegible: Festschrift in honour of Dieter Weber (Iranica 33), ed. M. Macuch, and A. Zeini, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, pp. 461–480.
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Articles
On the etymology of New Persian malang ‘intoxicated; unorthodox dervish’
AbstractThis brief article discusses the etymology of the New Persian word malang, which has been widely borrowed into Indian languages. First its semantic range is established as encompassing the two basic meanings ‘intoxicated, drunk’ and ‘(unorthodox) dervish’, then a derivation from a Bactrian loanword into early New Persian is proposed, connecting it with the Indo-Iranian root *mad- ‘to be/become intoxicated’. The article thereby adds another lexical item to the list of Bactrian borrowings into New Persian and makes a contribution to the documentation of the Bactrian lexicon, as the presumable Bactrian source word is so far unattested in the known documents and inscriptions.
ReferencesAslanov, M. G. (1966), Afgansko-Russkij Slovar’ (Puštu), Moscow: Sovetskaja Ėnciklopedija.
Bernard, Ch. (2025), “An Early Judeo-Persian Rabbanite text: Vat. Pers. 61, its linguistic variety, its Arabic vocabulary, and the Targum Onqelos”, Journal of Jewish Languages, vol. 13(1), pp. 22–76. https://doi.org/10.1163/22134638-bja10056.
Cheung, J. (2007), Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 2). Leiden: Brill.
Dehḫodā, ʿA-A. (1931), Loġat-nāme-ye Dehḫodā. online version. https://dehkhoda.ut.ac.ir/fa/dictionary.
Ḥasan-Dūst, M. (2014), Farhang-e Rīše-šenāḫtī-ye Zabān-e Fārsī, vol. 1, Tehran: Farhangestān-e Zabān va Adab-e Fārsī.
Henning, W. B. (1939), “Sogdian loanwords in New Persian”, Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, vol.10, no. 1, pp. 93–106.
Horn, P. (1893), Grundriss der Neupersischen Etymologie (Sammlung Indogermanischer Wörterbücher IV), Strassburg: Trübner.
Hübschmann, H. (1895), Persische Studien, Strassburg: Trübner.
Kabīr, Q. (2023), Mağmaʿu l-Luġāt. Qāmūs-i Kabīr-i Afġānistān. http://www.afghan-dic.com/pages/dic.aspx?dict=dictCat1List1.
Kreidl, J. (2021), “Lambdacism and the Development of Old Iranian *t in Pashto”, Iran and the Caucasus, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 175–193. https://doi.org/10.1163/1573384X-20210207.
Lazard, G. (1963), La langue des plus anciens monuments de la prose persane (Études linguistiques II), Paris: Librairie C. Klincksieck.
Lurje, P., and Yakubovich, I. (2017), “The myth of Sogdian lambdacism”, in: Zur lichten Heimat. Studien zu Manichäismus, Iranistik und Zentralasienkunde im Gedenken an Werner Sundermann (Iranica 25), ed. Team “Turfanforschung”, pp. 319–341, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
Mayrhofer, M. (1996), Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen, vol. 2, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter.
McGregor, R. S. (1993), Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Papas, A. (2020), “Malang”, in: Encyclopaedia of Islam, ed. K. Fleet, G. Krämer, D. Matringe, J. Nawas, and E. Rowson, Leiden: Brill.
Sharma, A. (1959/1960), Beiträge zur vedischen Lexikographie. Neue Wörter in M. Bloomfields Vedic Concordance (ΡΗΜΑ: Mitteilungen zur idg., vornehmlich indo-iranischen Wortkunde sowie zu holothetischen Sprachtheorie 5/6), München: In Kommission bei J. Kitzinger.
Sims-Williams, N. (2007), Bactrian Documents from Northern Afghanistan (Corpus Inscriptionum Iranicarum Part II: Inscriptions of the Seleucid and Parthian Periods and of Eastern Iran and Central Asia 6.1.2), vol. II: Letters and Buddhist Texts. London: The Nour Foundation & Azimuth Editions.
Singh, G., Gill, M., and Joshi S. S. (1994), Punjabi University Punjabi-English Dictionary, Patiala: Punjabi University.
Steingass, F. J. (1892), A Comprehensive Persian-English dictionary, including the Arabic words and phrases to be met with in Persian literature, London: Routledge & K. Paul.
Turner, R. (1962), A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press.
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Articles
The Progressive Tenses with the Verb “To Have” as a Peculiar and Exclusive Feature of Western Iranian Dialects Spoken in Modern Iran
AbstractThe article considers the verb forms with the auxiliary verb “to have” used in Persian and other western Iranian dialects of modern Iran to express a continuous action taking place at the moment of speech in the present or at a certain moment in the past. Drawing upon an extensive material collected from a large number of dialects, the author proves that the geographic area within which these forms are found is limited to the territory of modern Iran, which makes them a distinguishing and exclusive feature of western Iranian (Persian and non-Persian alike) dialects spoken in modern Iran. The author supports the idea that these verb forms are completely “native” to the linguistic area they are found in and, therefore, despite the view-point of some scholars, could not have originated under the influence of western or any other foreign languages.
ReferencesAbrahamian, R. (1936), Dialectes des Israélites de Hamadan et d’Ispahan et dialecte de Baba Tahir, Paris: Librarie d’Amerique et d’Orient.
Ahangar, A. (2010), “A study of the verb system in the Sistani dialect of Persian”, Orientalia Suecana, vol. 59, pp. 5-44.
Dehghān, I. (1972). “Dāshtan as an auxiliary in contemporary Persian”, Archiv Orientälni (Praha), vol. 40, pp. 198–205.
Farhâdi, A.-Gh. (1955), Le Persan Parlé en Afghanistan. Grammaire du Kâboli accompagnée d’un recueil de quatrains populaires de la Région de Kâbol, Paris: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique.
Ivanow, W. (1935), “The Gabri dialect spoken by the Zoroastrians of Persia”, Rivista Degli Studi Orientalni, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 31-97.
Ivanow, W. (1925), “Rustic Poetry in the Dialect of Khorasan”, Journal and Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 233-313.
Jeremiás, É. (1993), “On the genesis of the periphrastic progressive in Iranian languages”, in: Medioiranica: Proceedings of the International Colloquium Organized by the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 21st–23rd May 1990, ed. W. Skalmowski, and A. Van Tongerloo, Leuven: Peeters, pp. 99–116.
Nematollahi, N. (2014), “Development of the progressive construction in Modern Persian. In: Proceedings of the 1st Conference on Central Eurasian Languages and Linguistics (ConCALL), ed. Özçelik, Ö., and Kent A., Bloomington: Center for the Languages of the Central Asian Region, pp. 102–114.
Nematollahi, N. (2018), “Have-progressive in Persian. A case of pattern replication?”, Diachronica, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 144-156. https://doi.org/10.1075/dia.17023.nem
Pejsikov, L. (1960), Tegeranskij dialekt [The Tehrani dialect]. Moscow: IMO. In Russian.
Pelevin, M. (1998), “Dialekt bandari Južnogo Irana” [The Bandari dialect from Southern Iran], Strany i narody Vostoka, vyp. XXX: Centralʹnaja Azija. Vostočnyj Gindukuš. Pamjati Aleksandra Leonoviča Grjunberga [Countries and peoples of the East, vol. 30: Central Asia. Eastern Hindukush. In memory of Alexander Gruenberg], ed. I. M. Steblin-Kamensky, V. V. Kuščev, N. L. Lužeckaja, and L. Rzehak, Sankt-Peterburg: St. Petersburg for Oriental Studies, pp. 109-122. In Russian.
Pistoso, M. (1974), “L'ausiliare Dāštan in Neo-Persiano: Un Costrutto Linguistico Nord-Iranico?”, Oriente Moderno, vol. 54, no. 4, pp. 157–162.
Rastorgueva, V., and Èdelʹman, Dž. (1982), “Giljanskij, mazanderanskij (s dialektami šamerzadi i velatru)” [Gilaki, Mazandrani (including the Shamerzadi and Velatru dialects)], in: Osnovy iranskogo jazykoznanija. Novoiranskie jazyki: Zapadnaja gruppa, prikaspijskie jazyki [Basics of Iranian linguistics. New Iranian languages: the Western group, Caspian languages], ed. V. Abaev, M. Bogoljubov, and V. Rastorgueva, Moscow: Nauka, pp. 447-554. In Russian.
Rastorgueva, V, and Moškalo, V. (1997), “Dialekty Centralʹnogo Irana” [The Dialects of Central Iran], in: Osnovy iranskogo jazykoznanija. Novoiranskie jazyki: Severo-zapadnaya gruppa. II [Basics of Iranian linguistics. New Iranian languages: the Northwestern group. II], ed. V. Efimov, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pp. 195-329. In Russian.
Reżā’ī, J̌. (1998 / 1377), Barrasī-ye gūyeš-e Bīrǰand. Dastūr va vāžehnāmeh: Bīrǰandī be Fārsī [Study of the dialect of Bīrǰand. Grammar and Bīrǰandī-Persian dictionary], Tehrān: Hīrmand. In Persian.
Romaskevič, A. (1945), “Lar i еgo dialect” [Lar and its dialect], in: Iranskiye Yaziki [Iranian languages], vol. 1. Iranica 3, ed. V. Abaev, and I. Meščaninov, Moscow - Leningrad: Izdatel’stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR, pp. 31-86. In Russian.
Rosenfeld, A. (1948), “Vspomogatelʹnaja funkcija glagola dāštan v persidskom jazyke” [The auxiliary function of the verb dāštan in the Persian language], in: Sovetskoe Vostokovedenie [Soviet Oriental Studies], vol 5, Moscow-Leningrad: Izdatel’stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR, pp. 305-312. In Russian.
Taheri-Ardali, M., Borjian, H., and Anonby, E. (2025), “The Bavadi and their Bakhtiari Dialect”, Iranian Studies, pp. 1-47. https://doi.org/10.1017/irn.2025.2.
Thackston, W. (2009), “An Introduction to Persian”. Revised fourth edition. Bethesda, Maryland, 2009.
Žukovskij, V. (1888), “Osobennoe značenie glagola (داشتن) v persidskom razgovornom jazyke” [Special meaning of the verb dāštan in the conversational Persian language], Zapiski Vostočnogo Otdelenija Imperatorskogo Russkogo Arxeologičeskogo Obščestva [Proceedings of the Oriental Department of the Imperial Russian Archaeological Society], vol. 3. St. Petersburg: Tipografija Imperatorskoj Akademii Nauk, pp. 376-377. In Russian.
Žukovskij, V. (1902), Obrazcy narodnogo tvorčestva. Pesni pevcov-muzykantov, pesni svadebnye, pesni kolybelʹnye, zagadki, obrazcy raznogo soderžanija [Samples of [Persian] folklore: songs of singers-musicians, wedding songs, lullabies, riddles, samples of various content], St. Petersburg: Tipografija I. Boraganskogo & Ko. In Russian.
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Articles
Persian borrowings in Kashmiri: A Descriptive and Analytical Study
AbstractThis paper provides a description and analysis of the Persian lexical and structural borrowings in the Kashmiri language. In doing so it explores the different strategies of nativization of Persian lexical borrowings in Kashmiri at phonological, morphological and semantic level and also analyses the structural borrowings and/or innovations as a result of contact at a morphological and syntactic level. The paper will also assess the constraints that limit Persian borrowings into Kashmiri vis-à-vis linguistic constraints which as Winford (2003:51) writes “often limit one language from borrowing heavily from another”.
ReferencesAikhenvald, A. Y. (2006), “Grammars in contact: A cross-linguistic perspective”, Grammars in Contact: A Cross-Linguistic Typology, ed. A. Y. Aikhenvald, and R. M. W. Dixon, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 1-66.
Bamzai, P. N. K. (1962), A history of Kashmir: political, social, cultural: from the earliest times to the present day, New Delhi: Metropolitan Book Company.
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Haugen, E. (1950), “The analysis of linguistic borrowing”, Language, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 210–231.
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Hyman, L. M. (1970), “The role of borrowing in the justification of grammars”, Studies in African Linguistics, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1-48.
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Koul, O. N. (1986), “Style Diffusion: Influence of Persian on Kashmiri”, in: Language, Style and Discourse, ed. O. N. Koul, New Delhi: Bahri Publications.
Koul, Ashok (2008), Lexical Borrowings in Kashmiri, New Delhi: Indian Institute of Language Studies.
Koul, O. N. (2012), “Kashmir IV. Persian Elements in Kashmiri”, Encyclopaedia Iranica, vol. XVI, fasc. 1, pp. 56–61.
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Munshi, S. (2010), “Contact-induced language change in a trilingual context: The case of Burushaski in Srinagar”, Diachronica, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 32–72. https://doi.org/10.1075/dia.27.1.02mun.
Muysken, P. (1981), “Halfway between Quechua and Spanish: The case for relexification”, in: Historicity and Variation in Creole Studies, ed. A. Highfield, and A. Valdman, Ann Arbor: Karoma Publishers, pp. 52–78.
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Thomason, S. G., and Kaufman, T. (1992), Language Contact, Creolization, and Genetic Linguistics, 1st pub. in 1988, Berkeley: University of California Press.
Thomason, S. G. (2001), Language Contact: An Introduction, Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.
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Weinreich, U. (1953), Languages in Contact: Findings and Problems, New York: Linguistic Circle of New York.
Winford, D. (2003), An Introduction to Contact Linguistics, Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing.
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Articles
Caucasian Persian (Tati) Fragments in Armenian Script: A Study of the Lord’s Prayer with Transliteration, Translation, and Comments
AbstractThe study of certain languages, particularly their history, has always greatly benefited from, and continues to rely on, the material of the Armenian language and its dialects, studied from both synchronic and diachronic perspectives, as well as the literature in Armenian script created in or translated into these languages. Within this context, the attention of scholars studying Western Iranian languages has primarily centered on two languages: Persian and Kurdish, the text corpora of both of which contain materials in Armenian script. To these two, Dimli or Zazaki can also be added, as separate words and expressions from this language appear in Dersim by Andranik (1900).
This article aims to expand the list by including another Iranian language: Caucasian Persian (Tati), text corpus of which contains several fragments in Armenian script, all published during the last quarter of the 19th century.
The article provides a general overview of Caucasian Persian fragments in Armenian script and examines the linguistic features of the Lord's Prayer, translated from Armenian into Caucasian Persian by Mkrtich Antonean-Dadayeanc' and published by Archbishop Mesrowb Smbateanc’ in 1896.
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ADİL (2006), Azərbaycan dilinin izahlı lüğəti [Explanatory dictionary of the Azerbaijani language], 4 vols., ed. Ə. Orucov, Bakı: Şərq. In Azerbaijani.
Akopjan, A. (2006), “Tatojazyčnye armjane: 15 vekov ot “armjanstva” k “armjanstvu”” [Tat-speaking Armenians: 15 centuries from “Armenianhood” to “Armenianhood”], in: Južnyj Kavkaz: Territorii. Istorii. Ljudi [South Caucasus: Spaces. Histories. People], ed. E. Gerasimova, and N. Ležava, Heinrich Böll Stiftung, Tbilisi: Diogene, pp. 190-210. In Russian.
Alishan, Ł. (1896), Kamenic῾: Taregirk῾ hayoc̕ Lehastani ew Rowmenioy, hawastč῾eay yawelowacovk῾ [Kamenits. Annals of the Armenians of Poland and Romania, with authentic documents]. Venice: San Lazzaro. In Armenian.
[Eric῾yan] Andranik (1900), Tersim. Čanaparhordowt῾iwn ew tełagrowt῾iwn [Dersim: Travel and Topography], Tiflis: Mn. Martiroseanc῾ Press.
Authier, G., and Tonoyan, A. (2018). “Defining features of the Madrasa dialect of Armeno-Tat”, in: 8th International Conference on Iranian Linguistics (ICIL-8). Program and Abstracts, Yerevan: YSU Publishing House, pp. 67-68.
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Catalogue of Manuscripts of the Mesrop Mashtots Matenadaran. vol. 2, ed. L. Khachikyan and A. Mnatsakanyan, Yerevan: Publishing house of the Academy of Sciences of the Armenian SSR, 1970.
Chirikba, V. (2015), “Between Christianity and Islam: Heathen Heritage in the Caucasus”, in: Studies on Iran and The Caucasus, ed. U. Bläsing et al., Leiden: Brill, pp. 145-191.
Clauson, S. G. (1972), An Etymological Dictionary of Pre-Thirteenth Century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press.
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