Activites of Hakoba Zavriyan during the resumption of the Armenian question (1912-1914)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46991/hc.2023.20․2․067Keywords:
Armenian question, reforms, A. Zavriyan, S. Sazonov, M. Girs, Dashnaktsutyun, Western Armenia, Ottoman Empire, Constantinople, RussiaAbstract
In Armenian and world historiography, enough work has been done in the direction of studying the issue of Armenian reforms in 1912-1914, the policies of different states and the activities of individuals, however, the activities of the well-known politician, Dr. Hakob Zavriyan,s activity in the mentioned years were not the subject of a separate study, although Over the past years, some authors, as well as us, have found in the archives and published a number of documents that remained outside scientific circulation.
In the context of the processes taking place at the global and national levels, the article presents the activities of Hakob Zavriyan in the national, but especially the international arena to open the Armenian question in the specified period before the signing of the reform agreement.
In our opinion, he did significant organizational work at the national level to unite different layers of Armenians and develop reform programs. And in the international arena, A. Zavriyana promoted the issue of reforms, especially in his numerous contacts with the governments of Russia and Germany, trying to give their policies a pro-Armenian direction.
References
Adonts’ N․ (1996), h․ A, Haykakan harts’, Yerevan, «Hayagitak» hrat, 244 ej. (In Armenian)
Ananun D․ (1926), Rrusahayeri hasarakakan zargats’umy (1901–1918), h․ 3, Venetik, S․ Ghazaru tp, 694 ej. (In Armenian)
Armyanskiy vopros i genotsid armyan v Turtsii (1913-1919), Materialy politicheskogo arkhiva Ministerstva Inostrannykh Del Kayzerovskoy Germanii (1995), pod. red. V. Mikayelyana, Ye, izd-vo ''Gitutyun'', 644 str․ (In Russian)
Boghos Nubar’s (1996), Papers and the Armenian Question 1915‒1918. Documents, ed. by V. Ghazarian, Waltham, U.S. A. Mayreni Publishing, 459 p.
Bor'yan B. (1928), Armeniya mezhdunarodnaya diplomatiya i SSSR, ch 1, M-L., Gosudarstvennoye izd-vo, 448 str. (In Russian)
Boyajyan H. (2010), Poghos Nubar p’ashan yev barenorogumneri khndirn Arevmtyan Hayastanum 1912‒1914 t’t’., Yerevan, «Patmut’yan institut» hrat, 208 ej. (In Armenian)
Davison R., The Armenian Crisis 1912-1914, «The American Historical Review», New York, 1948, vol. 53, N 3, pp.1-25․
Dussen W. van der, The Question of Armenian Reforms in 1913-1914, «Historical Review», 1986, vol. 39, N 1, pp 11-28.
Galoyan G․ (2004), Hayastany mets terut’yunneri ashkharhakalakan arrchakatumnerum (XVI darits’ 1917 t’․), Yerevan, HH GAA «Gitut’yun» hrat, 822 ej. (In Armenian)
Geghameants’ Ye․ (1916), Hayeri azatagrakan sharzhumnery XX darum kam Haykakan harts’i yeot’nerord shrjany, A mas, Bak’u, ''Truženikʺ'' hrat․, 90 ej. (In Armenian)
Genotsid armyan: Otvetstvennost' Turtsii i obyazatel'stva mirovogo soobshchestva, dokumenty i kommentariy, (2002), sost. YU. Barsegov, t. 1, M., izd-vo ''Gardariki'', 816 str․ (In Russian)
Gosudarstvennyy arkhiv Rossiyskoy Federatsii (GARF), f. 102, op. 253, d. 284, l. 4.
HAA, f. 503, ts’. 1, g. 53, f. 57, ts’. 5, g. 28, mikrozhapavenner, f. Politarkḫiv, 1894-1917 gg., d. 3459, 1912 g., d. 1044, 1913 g., d. 3465
Hamahaykakan khorhrdakts’ut’yunner (1912-1920 t’t’․), p’astat’ght’eri yev nyut’eri zhoghovatsu (2004), Yerevan, 787 ej. (In Armenian)
Hayastany mijazgayin divanagitut’yan yev sovetakan artak’in k’aghak’akanut’yan p’astat’ght’erum (1828-1923) (1972), khmb․, J․ Kirakosyani, Yerevan, «Hayastan» hrat․, 810 ej. (In Armenian)
Hayeri ts’eghaspanut’yuny osmanyan kaysrut’yunum․ P’astat’ght’eri yev nyut’eri zhoghovatsu (1991), khmb․` M. Nersisyani, Yerevan, . «Hayastan» hrat․, 758 ej. (In Armenian)
Hayots’ patmut’yun, h․ 3, Nor zhamanakashrjan (XVII dari yerkrord kes – 1918 t’․) (2015), g․ 2, Ye․, «Zangak» hrat., 760 ej. (In Armenian)
Hovhannisyan L. (2002), Haykakan harts’y yev mets terut’yunnery 1914-1917 t’vakannerin, Yerevan, «Zangak» hrat․, 182 ej. (In Armenian)
Kevorkyan R. (2015), Genotsid armyan, polnaya istoriya, Moskva, izd-vo ''Jauza-katalog'', 912 str․ (In Russian)
Khachatryan A. (2000), Barenorogumnery Arevmtyan Hayastanum 1912-1914 t’t’․ yev Germaniayi k’aghak’akanut’yuny T’urk’iayum 20-rd dari skzbin (t’eknatsuakan atenakhosut’yun), Yerevan, 179 ej. (In Armenian)
Kirakosyan J․ (1965), Arrajin hamashkharhayin paterazmy yev arevmtahayut’yuny 1914-1916 t’t’․, Yerevan, «Hayastan» hrat․, 511 ej. (In Armenian)
Kodzhoyan R. (1990), Russkaya diplomatiya i problema reform v Zapadnoy Armenii nakanune pervoy mirovoy voyny /kandidatskaya dissertatsiya/, Ye., 200 str. (In Russian)
Leo (1925), Ants’yalits’ (husher, t’ght’er, datumner), T’iflis, «Khorhrdayin Kovkas» hrat, 480 ej. (In Armenian)
Leo (1994), T’urk’ahay heghap’vokhut’yan gaghap’arabanut’yuny, h․ B, Yerevan, «Shaghik» hrat․, 264 ej. (In Armenian)
Mandel'shtam A. (1915), Mladoturetskaya derzhava․ Istoriko-politicheskiy ocherk, M., izd-vo ''I.N.Kushnerev" i Ko'', 68 str. (In Russian)
Manvelyan S․ (2019), Haykakan harts’i verabats’umy․ Haykakan barenorogumneri tsragiry Hovhannes Arsharuni patriark’i orok’ (1911-1913), «Gitakan Arts’akh», Yerevan, N1(2), ej 382-390. (In Armenian)
Masurean S․ (1928), Haykakan barenorogumnery (Sazonovi husherits’), «Hayrenik’», Boston, t’iv 5 (65), ej 138-149. (In Armenian)
Mezhdunarodnyie otnosheniya v epokhu imperializma: dokumenty iz arkhivov tsarskogo i Vremennogo pravitel'stv 1878-1917 gg.: 1931-1938, Seriya 3: 1914-1917. - M.; L., T. 1, izd-vo ''Gos-sots.-ekon.'', 614 str. (In Russian)
Mik’ayelyan N․ (1965), Arkhivayin nor nyut’er Arevmtyan Hayastanum hay zhoghovrdi vichaki masin // «Ejmiatsin», 1965, Ye-Z-E, ej 182-196. (In Armenian)
Minasyan M․ (2004), Hay arrak’elakan yekeghets’in yev haykakan harts’y arrajin hamashkharhayin paterazmi nakhoryakin yev ynt’ats’k’um (1912-1918 t’t’․) (t’eknatsuakan atenakhosut’yun), Yerevan, 189 ej. (In Armenian)
Niwt’er H․Y․ Dashnakts’ut’ean patmut’ean hamar (2014), h․ ZH, Peyrut’, «Hamazgayini Vahe Setyan» hrat., 544 ej. (In Armenian)
P’amp’uk’ean Ye․ (2023), H․Y․ Dashnakts’ut’ean tsatskanunneru barraran. Andznanunner, teghanunner, t’uanshanayin tsatskagrer, Ye․, «Lusakn» hrat., 253 ej. (In Armenian)
P’ap’azean V․ (1952), Im yushery, h․ 2, Peyrut’,. «Hamazgayin ynkerutean» tp․, 610 ej. (In Armenian)
P’ap’azyan V․, Haykakan barenorogumnery (1912-1914), «Vem», P’ariz, 1934, tiv 1, yunuar-petruar, ej 62-75. (In Armenian)
Sargsyan Ye․ (1964), T’urk’ian yev nra nvachoghakan k’aghak’akanut’yuny Andrkovkasum 1914-1918, Ye, «Hayastan» hrat, 540 ej. . (In Armenian)
Sarkisyan Ye. (1995), Armyanskiy vopros i Rossiya v 1912-1914 gg., «Patmabanasirakan handes», E., N 1, str. 111-124. (In Russian)
Sarukhanyan N․ (1997), Haykakan harts’y minch’khorhrdayin hay hasarakakan-k’aghak’akan mtk’i yev patmagrut’yan mej, Ye․.«Voskan Yerevantsi» hrat․, 272 ej. (In Armenian)
Sazonov S. (1991), Vospominaniya, M., izd-vo ''Mezhdynarodnie otnosheniya”, 399 str. (In Russian)
Simonyan H. (2013), Azatagrakan payk’ari ughinerum, g. V, Ye., «YEPH» hrat․, 1296 ej. (In Armenian)
T’at’oyan R․ (2015), Arevmtahayut’yan t’vak’anaki harts’y 1878-1914 t’vakannerin, Yerevan, HTS’T’I hrat․, 216 ej. (In Armenian)
Tatoyan R. (2015), Vopros etnicheskogo sostava naseleniya Zapadnoy Armenii v kontekste russko-turetskikh peregovorov vokrug proyekta armyanskikh reform v 1913-1914 gg.'' Pervaya mirovaya voyna: vzglyad spustya stoletiye. 1914 god: ot mira k voyne: doklady i vystupleniya uchastnikov III mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii, M., izd-vo MNEPU, str. 692-700. (In Russian)
Zohrap G․ (2003), Yerkeri zhoghovatsu, h. D, Namakner, yntsayagrer, oragrut’yunner, ashkhatasirut’yamb, A. Sharuryani, Yerevan. (In Armenian)
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Manyak Yeranosyan
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
