Utilizing Green Technology for a Sustainable Future

Abstract

The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development underscores the urgent need for environmentally sustainable and resource-efficient technologies to address global challenges related to food security, energy demand, environmental degradation, and climate change. This review aims to critically evaluate the role of sustainable biotechnology as a green technological approach for advancing the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The literature for this review was systematically selected from peer-reviewed research articles, review papers, and authoritative reports indexed in major scientific databases including Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar. Studies were screened based on relevance, scientific rigor, and their contribution to sustainability-oriented biotechnological applications across agriculture, energy, environmental remediation, and industrial processes. Key findings highlight those biotechnological interventions such as biofuels, biofertilizers, biopesticides, bioplastics, bioenzymes, bioremediation, and waste valorization offer effective alternatives to conventional chemical-based technologies. These approaches contribute to reduced environmental pollution, enhanced resource efficiency, improved soil and crop productivity, waste minimization, and lower greenhouse gas emissions. Collectively, these innovations support multiple SDGs, including zero hunger, affordable and clean energy, responsible consumption and production, climate action, and ecosystem conservation. Despite notable progress, significant gaps remain in terms of large-scale implementation, cost competitiveness, regulatory standardization, lifecycle sustainability assessments, and public acceptance. Future research should focus on interdisciplinary approaches, integration of biotechnology with circular economy models, development of standardized performance metrics, and supportive policy frameworks to facilitate commercialization and adoption. Overall, sustainable biotechnology represents a promising pathway for achieving long-term environmental sustainability and socio-economic resilience.