| Online ISSN | : | 2953-7991 |
| Print ISSN | : | 1829-1759 |
Vol. 56 No. 2 (258) (2022)
Published:
2022-10-25
Geography
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Geography
ASSESSMENT AND MAPPING OF THE DIVERSITY OF COLOR SHADES OF LANDSCAPES IN SUMMER SEASON USING SATELLITE IMAGES (on the example of Syunik Region)
AbstractThe landscape, bearing certain pressure from the society, simultaneously has an aesthetic potential and actively affects the emotional and psychological comfort of a person. Among the many factors affecting the aesthetic qualities of the landscape (relief, vegetation, water, etc.), colour is also separated. The color diversity of the landscapes is impossible to appreciate with only using eyes. The article presents a unique methodology for separating colour shades, which are one of the important aesthetic factors of the landscape. For the first time, an attempt was made to distinguish the color tones that have a great influence on the aesthetic qualities of landscapes and to group them by analyzing the spectral curves of satellite images․ In contrast to the traditional field method, satellite images allow us to assess color tones over a short period of time and over a large area. Red, green and blue are considered the main physiological colours, and almost all true colours can be obtained by the combination of these three radiations. An attempt was made to separate the colors in the landscapes by analyzing spectral curves in green (543–578 nm), red (650–680 nm), blue (458–523 nm) spectral ranges of the Sentinel-2A, Sentinel 2B TCI (true color image) space images taken in the summer with a resolution of 10 m. In a professional software environment, 50 classes were obtained using "unsupervised" classification method, and for each class, the curves with the average values of spectral reflection of three visible colour ranges were obtained. By grouping the classes, a map of five colour groups (blue-green, green, red, gray and yellow, white) of the landscapes of Syunik Region was created for the summer season. Since the most important factor of colour harmony is the balance of colour shades, an attempt was made to determine the colour diversity of landscapes. Based on the obtained colour groups, in the summer season the colour diversity of the landscapes of Syunik Region was asssessed and mapped using Shannon's coefficient of heterogeneity. As a result, it was found that 52% of the landscapes of Syunik Region have green colouring in summer. The latter is considered a positive feature of the aesthetic appeal of landscapes and has a calming effect on a person. White colour has the smallest percentage share. 36% of the territory of the region has a high and very high diversity indicator, and 17.6% has a very low degree of diversity. In summer, the North-Eastern part of the region, the areas adjacent to the lower and middle streams of the Vorotan River, the Voghji and Meghri River basins are distinguished by colour diversity. However, from the point of view of aesthetic perception, the average degree of diversity is highly assessed, which is 27.2% in Syunik Region. The Southern part of Syunik has an average degree of diversity, especially the valley areas of the Araks River, the area of the Spandaryan reservoir.
References -
Geography
EVALUATION OF THE FEATURES OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF THE MAXIMUM RUNOFF OF SPRING FLOODS UNDER THE PRESENT CONDITIONS OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE MARMARIK RIVER BASIN
AbstractThe paper considers the patterns of distribution of long-term extreme maximum flows of spring floods in different river sections of the rivers of the Marmarik basin in the context of expected climate change and gives a quantitative assessment of these changes. Issues of changing cyclicity and synchronism, normalized deviation of the maximum runoff values are discussed. The actual observational data of the "Center for Hydrometeorology and Monitoring" of the SNCO of the Ministry of Environment of the Republic of Armenia are used. On the Marmarik River downstream, the values of the absolute maximum discharges increase and reach high values in the closing river section of Aghavnadzor. The highest maximum discharge observed on April 18, 1968 in the alignment of the settlement of Aghavnadzor was 86.7 m3/s. In Marmarik River basin a regular decrease in the maximum runoff modules during the flood period with an increase in catchment areas was also observed. With an increase in the areas of watersheds, the maximum runoff modulus decreases – from 370–450 L/s·km2 in areas less than 90–100 km2 and less than 200 L/s·km2 in areas more than 400 km2. A correlation was found between the values of absolute maximum discharges increase during the period of high water on Marmarik River in the village of Agavnadzor and on Gomraget River in Meghradzor settlement, which can be used for calculations and forecasts of spring flood runoff maxima. An almost twofold decrease in the magnitude of the extreme maximum runoff of spring floods (negative trend) in the modern period was revealed. An analysis of the causes of the identified changes was carried out.
References -
Geography
SOME PROBLEMS OF ECOLOGICAL GEOMORPHOLOGY OF ARMENIA
AbstractEcological geomorphology is a new scientific direction of geomorphology. According to the authors, the research in this direction should be focused on clarifying the impact of relief and relief-forming processes on human economic activity: and vice versa, how human activity affects the existing relief and relief-forming processes. Ecological geomorphology has great development prospects in Armenia, given the mountainous nature of the relief and the prevalence of a number of dangerous exogenous processes. Among the urgent problems in Armenia are: identification of safe construction sites, study of the stability of mountain slopes for their engineering development, study of the relief in the exploration and development of mineral deposits, the use of hollow relief forms for storing dumps for mining. In terms of dangerous exogenous relief-forming processes, the landslides and debris flows have the greatest negative impact on the environmental situation in Armenia. Stonefalls and snow avalanches have a local distribution and do not cause much harm to the environment of the republic. It is noted that it is necessary to prepare a map of ecological and geomorphological zoning (based on a general geomorphological map), which should show the areas of ecological and geomorphological risk and the areas with urgent environmental problems. At the first stage, such zoning can be performed at a scale of 1:500,000, and at a larger scale for specific development sites. In connection with the activation of landslides in the most active landslide areas, it is proposed to carry out drainage works to prevent further destructive processes at the first stage of anti-landslide measures. Regarding mudflows, as priority preventive measures it can be recommended to clean and deepen the channels of all watercourses, as well as to clean the bridge passages in order to prevent the flow masses from leaving the watercourses, as well as to avoid the formation of congestion in front of bridges. In the future, terracing of slopes and the construction of barrages on active flow watercourses are desirable.
References -
Geography
GEOGRAPHICAL FACTORS INCREASING ADMINISTRATIVE-TERRITORIAL ADMINISTRATION EFFICIENCY IN THE REPUBLIC OF ARMENIA
AbstractThe processes of post-Soviet economic development have raised a number of issues of territorial administration that are directly related to the relationship between society and nature. State-territorial administration starts from territorial administration units, the goal of which is the comprehensive solution of economic, social, environmental, cultural as well as political issues. Since 1995, a new administrative-territorial reform was implemented by the decision of the government, as a result of which 10 Marzes were formed instead of the previous 37 administrative districts. The capital Yerevan received the status of a region and later of a city community. In the Republic of Armenia, the administrative and economic borders have not traditionally coincided. Natural conditions, landscape uplift zones, various natural-geographical characteristics were not taken into account. The modern administrative structure is reminiscent in many respects of the events of the Soviet years, which is proved by comparison. In the conditions of today's transition economy, the practical significance of economic regionalization is to acquire new content, quality in line with market relations. These have raised a number of issues, which are divided into the following problems: socio-economic, geographical, political, demographic. It should be noted that the mentioned issues of territorial administration coincide with the socio-economic and political situation in the RA. Scientific and practical recommendations of science are useful for the systematic and effective development of state territorial administration and should be taken into account by public administration bodies, in particular, departments of territorial administration.
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