COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL POTENTIAL OF ACHILLEA FILIPENDULINA, PRANGOS FERULACEA, AND PELARGONIUM GRAVEOLENS ESSENTIAL OILS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46991/PYSUB.2026.60.1.001Keywords:
plant secondary metabolites, antibiotic activity, MIC, growth kineticsAbstract
Essential oils (EO) extracted from Achillea filipendulina, Prangos ferulacea, and Pelargonium graveolens were investigated for their extraction yields and antimicrobial activity. Aerial parts of the plants were harvested during the flowering or early flowering stages from different regions of Armenia and subjected to hydrodistillation using a Clevenger-type apparatus. The yield of essential oils reached 0.5% for A. Filipendulina, approximately 4% for P. Ferulacea and 0.1–0.2% for P. graveolens. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated using disk-diffusion assays against a panel of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli strains, as well as yeast species and presented by their minimum inhibitory concentration values (MIC). All tested EOs exhibited bactericidal activity with effective MIC values, although their efficacy was strain dependent. Among the investigated oils, P. graveolens EO showed the broadest antimicrobial spectrum, demonstrating strong antibacterial activity and exclusive anti-yeast effects. Growth kinetics analysis further confirmed the inhibitory impact of the EOs on both antibiotic-sensitive and resistant E. coli strains, as evidenced by reduced specific growth rates and prolonged generation times. Overall, these findings indicate that the studied essential oils, particularly P. graveolens, represent promising natural antimicrobial agents and warrant further investigation.
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