Vol. 57 No. 1 (260) (2023)

Molecular interactions of L-tyrosine in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) aqueous solutions have been studied using electronic absorption and fluorescence spectro¬scopy methods. It has been shown that at low concentrations of DMSO in aqueous media hetero-associates such as 1DMSO:1H₂O or 1DMSO:2H₂O are formed, while at high concentrations, associates of a more complex structure (mixed clusters) are formed that interact with L-tyrosine to form complex compounds.

On the basis of 3,5-disubstituted dihydrofuran-2(3H)-ones, hydrazides of substituted γ-hydroxybutyric acids were synthesized, which were further converted into the corresponding thiosemicarbazides and 1,2,4-triazoles. The synthesized compounds have not been previously described in the literature, and they cannot be obtained by any other way.

In this work, the effect of low-intensity (non-thermal, flux capacity 0.06 mW/cm²) electromagnetic irradiation (EMI) of extremely high frequency (EHF) (42.2 GHz and 50.3 GHz) as pre-sowing treatment on germination, early growth and α-amylase activity of wheat seeds (Triticum aestivum L.) has been studied. The measurements conducted during seed germination were the germination energy and germination power, germination index, shoot and root length, as well as fresh weight. The labo­ratory experiment followed a completely randomized design, with four treatments (control, 5 min – T5, 10 min – T10, and 15 min – T15) and three replications. It was shown that EHF EMI pre-sowing treatment at both used frequencies favored the germination and growth of wheat seeds, and results were more expressed at a frequency of 50.3 GHz – the resonant frequency of water. We found that EMI with 50.3 GHz for 10 min significantly improved germination energy (by 6.5%) and germination power (by 7.6%). At the same time, shoot high (by 11%), root length (by 12%) and fresh weight (15%) were enhanced significantly at seedling stage compared with the control. Furthermore, the measured activity of α-amylase reviled that EMI-treatment increased the enzyme activity more than 2-fold, thereby probably promoting wheat germination.

Doxorubicin (DOX) is an antineoplastic drug with potent cardiotoxic activity due to selective accumulation and disruption of mitochondrial functioning in cardiomyocytes. Accumulating evidence indicates that DOX can also induce genotoxic side effects in other cells. The mutagenic effects of DOX in human peripheral blood leukocytes and THP-1 leukemia cells were analyzed using PCR. It was revealed that DOX could induce deletions of different sizes and loci of mitogenomes of normal human leukocytes and THP-1 leukemic cells.

The silver-containing porphyrin Ag-meso-tetra(4-N-hydroxyethylpyridyl)porphyrin (AgTOEPyP4) was investigated as a potential anticancer drug using spectrophotometric, calorimetric and electrophoretic measurements. The studies were conducted on healthy, cancer-induced, and treated by AgTOEPyP4 white mice. DNA was isolated from the liver and tumor tissues of mice. Melting curves were studied in the presence of various stoichiometric concentrations of Mn²⁺ ions. The character of the DNA–Mn²⁺ interaction in the tumor differs from that in the norm due to defects in the secondary structure of tumor DNA, which is expressed in the DNA melting characteristics of DNA. It was revealed that the melting parameters, enthalpy, and electrophoretic mobility of DNA isolated from the tumor-bearing mice tissues differed from healthy DNA. It was shown that all studied parameters of the DNA isolated from the liver and tumor treated by AgTOEPyP4 mice approached the norm. The obtained results revealed that AgTOEPyP4 porphyrin has a pronounced therapeutic effect against sarcoma S180 and requires further investigation as an anticancer drug.

Antimicrobial activity of Ribes nigrum L. and Ribes rubrum L. leaf extracts was determined by disk-diffusion method as well as specific growth rate and generation succeeding factor determination. Different Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis WT-A, Staphylococcus aureus MDC 5233, Enterococcus hirae ATCC 9790) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Salmonella typhimurium MDC1754, ampicillin resistant E. coli dhpα-pUC18 and kanamycin resistant E. coli pARG25) bacteria and yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 9804 and S. cerevisiae ATCC 13007) were used as test-microorganisms. 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay was applied to measure the radical scavenging capacity of extracts obtained from Ribes spp. R. rubrum and R. nigrum extracts antiradical activity expressed with IC₅₀ value of 91.2±1.69 µg‧mL^–1 and 66.01±1.65 µg‧mL^–1, respectively. The total flavonoid content in plant extracts was determined employing AlCl₃ colorimetric assay, and the values were 34.71±0.63 and 49.99±0.86 μg QE‧mg^–1 for R. rubrum and R. nigrum extracts, respectively. Total phenolic content of studied extracts was investigated by Folin–Ciocalteu assay. The contents for R. rubrum and R. nigrum extracts were 133.12±6.65 and 167.15±7.29 μg GAE‧mg^–1, respectively. Thus, these plants can be considered as potential sources of biologically active substances.

The normal course of biochemical and physiological processes that ensure the vital activity of the organism, among other systems, also depends on the normal functioning of the respiratory system. A number of external and internal factors can affect the indicators of respiratory movements: frequency, depth, respiratory volume: atmospheric pressure, the amount of oxygen in the atmosphere, the ecological state of the environment, various pathologies of the organism, etc., which become the cause of diseases. In the risk group of these diseases are the inhabitants of the areas near the ecologically unfavorable environment, especially the open mines, particularly the school children of that region. It is possible to reduce these risks and prevent diseases of the mentioned systems by the method of special breathing exercises. Residents of ecological regions, in particular adolescents, are at risk. This risk can be reduced by using the breathing exercise method.

The purpose of this study was testing the effectiveness of these exercises on the indicators of the respiratory system of teenagers in the Vardenis Region.