Patmut'yun ev Mshakuyt'
P-ISSN: 1829-2771
Vol. SI-1 (2025)
Published:
2025-05-29
Articles
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Articles
Scientific Significance of the Conference Dedicated to the 105th Anniversary of the Faculty of History: “Current Problems and Prospects for the Development of Armenian Studies’’
AbstractThe Faculty of History at Yerevan State University, as one of the founding structures of this higher education institution, has a significant role in Armenia’s scientific, educational, and public life. An international conference titled “Modern Issues and Development Prospects of Armenian Studies” was organized within the framework of the 105 th anniversary of the faculty. The conference addressed the interconnectedness of education and science, the necessity of modernizing educational programs, and the growing applied value of historiography. The conference featured approximately one hundred reports from various countries, encompassing fields such as history, archaeology, ethnography, and art history. Particular emphasis was made on the importance of interdisciplinary cooperation for the further development of Armenian Studies. A part of the reports is being published in a special issue of the “History and Culture” journal. Although the conference did not aim to provide comprehensive answers, it served as a valuable platform to highlight sectoral issues and shape the pathways for the development of Armenian Studies and education in the field of history.
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Articles
Main tendencies of the development of Armenian studies in Russia in the XIX century.
AbstractAt the turning points in the history of Armenia, when the question of political orientation becomes urgent, historians face the task of reconsidering and evaluating the path traveled and comprehending the lessons of history. Naturally, the lessons of the history of the last centuries suggest to us the need to rethink the community in the history of Armenian-Russian relations.
The history of Armenian-Russian military-political, economic, cultural, spiritual relations is counted in more than one century. Further development of historically established relations led to a logical outcome. As a result of the military and political events of the first third of the XIX century in Transcaucasia, Eastern Armenia was attached to the Russian Empire. Since then, Russia began to play an important role in the historical fate of the Armenian nation. A new historical phase began in Armenian-Russian relations. After the accession of Armenia to Russia, its economic, political and cultural life progressed significantly. This undeniable reality is already history.
Significant progress was also recorded in the field of Armenian studies; were published many books, devoted to the history of Armenia and the Armenian nation. Moreover, the study of the history of Armenia became the subject of attention not only of professional Russian historians, but also of many other representatives of Russian public thought. These studies have made a significant contribution to the study of important issues in the history of the Armenian nation.
ReferencesAbaza 1888 - Abaza V. Istoriya Armenii, SPb, 1888. 136s. Bratskaya pomoshch' postradavshim v Turtsii armyanam, M., 1898, 937s. (in Russian)
Butkov 1869 - Butkov P. Materialy po novoy istorii Kavkaza, ch. 1-3, SPb, 1869, 548s. (in Russian)
Gagemayster 1845 - Gagemayster A. Zakavkazskiye ocherki, SPb, 1845, 162s. (in Russian)
Gakstgauzen 1857 - Gakstgauzen A. Zakavkazskiy kray, SPb, 1857, 248s. (in Russian)
Dubrovin 1871-1886 - Dubrovin N. Istoriya voyny i vladychestva russkikh na Kavkaze, t. I-VI, SPb, 1871-1886. (in Russian)
Yevetskiy 1835 - Yevetskiy O. Statisticheskoye opisaniye Zakavkazskogo kraya, SPb, 1835, 306s. (in Russian)
Issledovaniya i stat'i M. Emina po armyanskoy mifologii, arkheologii, istorii i literatury za 1858-1884gg. M., 1896, 442s. (in Russian)
Zubov 1835 - Zubov P. Kartina Kavkazskogo kraya, prinadlezhashchego Rossii i sopredel'nykh yemu zemel'. ch.1, SPb, 1835, 234s. (in Russian)
«Kavkaz» 1894 - «Kavkaz», 1894, 199. (in Russian)
«Kavkazskiy kalendar'» 1890 - «Kavkazskiy kalendar'», 1890, s. 2 (in Russian)
Kovalevskiy 1887 - Kovalevskiy P. Zavoyevaniye Kavkaza, SPb, 1887, 334s. (in Russian)
Likhutin 1863 - Likhutin M. Russkiye v Aziatskoy Turtsii v 1854-1855 gg., SPb, 1863, 455s. (in Russian)
Nefed'yev 1839 - Nefed'yev N. Vzglyad na Armyanskuyu oblast', SPb, 1839, 74s. (in Russian)
Obozreniye rossiyskikh vladeniy za Kavkazom v statisticheskom, topograficheskom i finansovom otnosheniyakh, ch. I, SPb, 1836, 401s. (in Russian)
Patkanov 1880 - Patkanov K. Bibliograficheskiy ocherk armyanskoy istoricheskoy literatury, SPb, 1880, 57s. (in Russian)
Potto 1886-1888 - Potto V. Kavkazskaya voyna v otdel'nykh ocherkakh, epizodakh, legendakh i biografiyakh, t. 1-4, SPb, 1886-1888. (in Russian)
Russkiy vestnik 1856 - Russkiy vestnik, 1856, t. 2, s. 119. (in Russian)
Tatishchev 2005 - Tatishchev V. Istoriya Rossiyskaya. M, 2005, 540s. (in Russian)
Tenishev 1897 - Tenishev V. Pozor tsivilizatsii, SPb, 1897, 65s. (in Russian)
Shopen 1852 - Shopen I. Istoricheskiy pamyatnik Armyanskoy oblasti v epokhu prisoyedineniya yeye k Rossiyskoy imperii, SPb, 1852, 1232s. (in Russian)
Shcherbatov 1901-1904 - Shcherbatov M. Istoriya Rossiyskaya ot drevneyshikh vremen, t. 1-7. SPb, 1901-1904. (in Russian)
Ezov 1859 - Ezov G. Vnutrenniy byt drevney Armenii, M., 1859, 147s. (in Russian)
Ezov 1898 - Ezov G. Snosheniye Petra Velikogo s armyanskim narodom, SPb, 1898, 512s. (in Russian)
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Articles
Armenian-Russian relations in the spring and summer of 1920 in the context of the Armenian side's failures
AbstractPrime Minister of the Republic of Armenia, H. Ohanjanyan, and his government, by unilaterally tying the resolution of the Armenian Question to the Paris Peace Conference and the Treaty of Sèvres, failed to assess the real opportunities that Russia's return to the region presented for Armenia. In June 1920, Russia prohibited Kemal from attacking Armenia while simultaneously pressuring him to accept its mediation in delineating the border between Armenia and Turkey. However, the Armenian government not only refused to accept Russia's mediation but also consistently failed to establish bilateral relations with Russia. This was despite Russia's promises to allocate certain territories from Western Armenia to the Republic of Armenia. By shortsightedly rejecting Russia's military-political support, the Armenian side effectively gave the Kemalists the green light to launch an attack on Armenia.
The widely held view among us that Armenia became a victim of the Kemalist-Bolshevik alliance does not correspond to reality. Had the opportunities presented by Russia been realistically assessed and utilized, not only could the Kemalist invasion of Armenia have been prevented, but Armenia's territory might also have been significantly expanded.
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Alikhanyan 1966 - Alikhanyan S․, Rrusastani dery hay zhoghovrdi azatagrman gortsum (1917-1921 t’t’․), Yerevan, «Hayastan», 413 ej. (in Armenian)
Arzumanyan 1973- Arzumanyan M․, Arhavirk’its’ veratsnund, Yerevan, «Hayastan», 584 ej. (in Armenian)
Galoyan 1999- Galoyan G․, Hayastany yev mets terut’yunnery 1917-1923 t’t’․, Yerevan, «Gitut’yun», 540 ej. (in Armenian)
Leo 2009- Leo, Ants’yalits’, Yerevan, «SHem», 495 ej. Khatisyan 2018, Khatisyan A․, Hayastani hanrapetut’yan tsagumn u zargats’umy, Yerevan, Ani kentron, 480 ej. (in Armenian)
Karapetyan 1965- Karapetyan S․ KH․, 1920 t’vakani hay-t’urk’akan paterazmy yev Sovetakan Rrusastany, Yerevan, «Hayastan», 61 ej. (in Armenian)
Karinyan 1926- Karinyan A․, Dashnakts’ut’yuny p’asteri dem, T’iflis, «Zaria Vostoka», 88 ej. (in Armenian)
Sasuni 1969- Sasuni K․, Hay-t’rk’akan paterazmy (1920-in), Peyrut’, «Hamazgayin», 218 ej (in Armenian)
Vrats’yan 1993- Vrats’yan S․, Hayastani Hanrapetut’yun, Yerevan, «Hayastan», 1993, 704 ej. (in Armenian)
Vrats’ean 2007- Vrats’ean S․, Keank’i ughinerov․ depk’er, demk’er, aprumner, Ye․ hator, Peyrut’, «Vahe Set’ean», 354 ej. (in Armenian)
Ter-Yakobean 1921- Ter-Yakobean Y․, Hayastani verjin aghety, K․ Polis, hrat․ Mik’ayel Ter-Sahakean, 125 ej. (in Armenian)
Terterean 1954- Terterean H․, Hayastani Hanrapetut’ean yev Khorhrdayin Rrusastani banakts’ut’iwnnery, Levon Shant’i patuirakut’iwny, mas arrajin, Hayrenik’ amsagir, N 1(335), 1954, ej 1-14. (in Armenian)
Terterean 1954- Terterean H., Hayastani Hanrapetut’ean yev Khorhrdayin Rrusastani banakts’ut’iwnnery, Levon Shant’i patuirakut’iwny, mas arrajin, Hayrenik’ amsagir, N 2(336), 1954, ej 14-26. (in Armenian)
K’ajaznuni 1925- K’ajaznuni Y․, H․ Y․ Dashnakts’ut’iwny anelik’ ch’uni aylevs, Viyenna, Mkhit’arean tparan, 107 ej. (in Armenian)
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Articles
The Masonic Activities of the First Rector of Yerevan State University Y.S. Ghambaryan
AbstractThe Masonic activities of Yuri Stepan Ghambaryan (Ghambarov), the first rector of Yerevan State University, hasn’t been fully studied by Armenian historiography. The fact of his becoming a freemason and his activities were closely related to M.M. Kovalevski who was a famous Russian historian, jurist, sociologist, ethnographer, public and political figure.
On May 16, 1905, in Paris Lodge No.288, under the guidance of M.M. Kovalevski, Y.S. Ghambaryan was ordained a First Degree Mason, On January 30, 1906, he was ordained a Second and then a Third Degree Mason in the "Cosmos" Lodge No.288, which rarely happened in freemasonry. He remained a member of that lodge until 1908, although he returned to Petersburg in August, 1906.
On November, 1906, M.M. Kovalevsky founded the first lodge of Russian Political freemasonry "Polar Star" in Petersburg and Y.S. Ghambaryan joined it at the beginning of 1907. In 1906 in Petersburg Ghambaryan became one of the five main members of the "Phoenix" Lodge founded by Kovalevsky.
On May 8, 1908, M.M. Kovalevsky, Y.S. Ghambaryan and their associates left the "Polar Star" Lodge because of disagreements with the leaders of the Moscow "Liberation" Lodge and founded their own "Cosmos" Lodge which didn’t function for long.
In summer 1912, Y.S. Ghambaryan became a member of the masonic organization "Great East of the Peoples of Russia" in Moscow. During the period of politicization of Freemasonry in Russia, Y.S. Ghambaryan wasn’t active in masonic activities, as far as he wasn’t a member of any political party and wasn’t engaged in politics either. From that moment until the end of his life, he was engaged exclusively in professional and scientific activities.
ReferencesYerevani hamalsaran. 1918-1920 t’t’․ Vaveragreri zhoghovatsu, kazmets’in F. H. Mamikonyan, S. S. Mirzoyan, Yerevan, YePH hrat., 1995, 335 ej. (in Armenian)
Hayastani Hanrapetut’yan parrlamentakan orenk’nery 1918-1920 t’t’․, Yerevan, Azgayin zhoghov, 1998, 506 ej. (in Armenian)
«Hayastani hamalsaran», Alek’sandrapol, 1919, 31 hunvari․ (in Armenian)
TSGIAM. F.2244. Op.1. D.1706. L.101-104, F.2244. Op.2. D.131. L.4․ (in Russian)
TSGIAM. F.2244. Op.1. D.1706. L.131-132. (in Russian)
TSGIAM. F.2244. Op.1. D.1706. L.21-22. (in Russian)
TSGIAM. F.2244. Op.1. D.1706. L.63-64. (in Russian)
TSGIAM. F.2244. Op.1. D.1706. L.82-85. (in Russian)
Avrekh 1990 - Avrekh A.YA. Masony i revolyutsiya. Moskva, Izd-vo Politizdat, 1990, 350 s. «Armyanskiy Vestnik». Moskva, 1916, № 11, s. 21. (in Russian)
Berberova 1986 - Berberova N. Lyudi i lozhi. Russkiye masony XX stoletiya, N'yu-York, Russica publishers, 1986, 299 s. (in Russian)
Volkov, Kulikova, Loginov – 2006 Volkov V.A., Kulikova M.V., Loginov M.V. Moskovskiye professora XVIII - nachala XX vekov. Gumanitarnyye i obshchestvennyye nauki, Moskva, Yanus-K, Moskovskiye uchebniki i kartografiya, 2006, 299 s. (in Russian)
Imperatorskiy Moskovskiy universitet 1755-1917․ Entsiklopedicheskiy slovar'. Sost. A.YU. Andreyev, D.A.Tsygankov. Moskva, Rossiyskaya politicheskaya entsiklopediya, 2010, 894 s. (in Russian)
Karpachev 2008 - Karpachev S. P. Masony. Slovar', Moskva, Izd-vo AST, Olimp, 2008. 634 s. (in Russian)
Kovalevskiy 2005 - Kovalevskiy M.M. Moya zhizn'. Vospominaniya. Moskva, ROSSPEN, 2005, 784 s. (in Russian)
Kurbatov 2007 - Kurbatov V. I. Taynoye obshchestvo masonov. Moskva, Izd-vo Eksmo, 2007, 416 s. (in Russian)
M. M. Kovalevskiy. Uchennyy, gosudarstvennyy i obshchestvennyy deyatel' i grazhdanin: Sbornik statey. Peterburg, Izd-vo Artist: zavedeniye t-va A.F. Marks, 1917. 274 s. (in Russian)
Nikolayevskiy 1990 - Nikolayevskiy B. I. Russkiye masony i revolyutsiya. Moskva, Izd-vo Terra, 1990, 208 s. (in Russian)
Platonov 2014 - Platonov O. A. Masony v russkoy istorii XIX veka, Moskva, Izd-vo Rodnaya strana, 2014, 384 s. (in Russian)
Svatikov 1917 - Svatikov S.G. Opal'naya professura 80-ikh godov.-«Golos minuvshego». Moskva, 1917, № 2, Tip. T-va Ryabushinskikh, ss. 5-78. (in Russian)
Serkov 1997 - Serkov A. I. Istoriya russkogo masonstva, SPb, Izd-vo imeni N. I. Novikova, 1997, 400 s. (in Russian)
Serkov 2001 - Serkov A. I. Russkoye masonstvo 1731-2000, Moskva, Izd-vo Rossiyskaya politicheskaya entsiklopediya, 2001, 1224 s. Solov'yev 2007 - Solov'yev O. F. Russkiye masony. Moskva, Izd-vo Eksmo, 2007, 544 s. (in Russian)
Spisok grazhdanskim chinam 4-ogo klassa. Ispravleno po 1-ye iyulya 1863. Sankt-Peterburg, tip. Pravitel'stvuyushchego senata, 1863, 956 s. (in Russian)
Lozha Polyarnaya zvezda. samisdat.com/5/23/523r-pzv.htm (in Russian)
Moskva. Lozha Vozrozhdeniye․ http://samisdat.com/5/23/523r-voz.htm. (in Russian)
Parizh. Lozha Kosmos. http://samisdat.com/5/23/523f-kos.htm (in Russian)
Peterburg, Lozha Feniks. samisdat.com/5/23/523r-fen.htm. (in Russian)
Peterburg. Lozha Polyarnaya zvezda. samisdat.com/5/23/523r-pzv.htm. (in Russian)
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Articles
Preservation of inscription monuments in Soviet and post-soviet periods
AbstractAfter the creation of the Armenian alphabet, inscriptions were carved on the walls of historical-architectural monuments, temples and public buildings, which convey important information about the construction of the monument, builders, donations, contracts, etc. Throughout the territory of historical Armenia, there are thousands inscriptions of construction, donation, legal, memorial content have been preserved, the number of which increase every year as a result of construction and agricultural works, archaeological excavations.
The collection and preservation of epigaphs became especially important in the 19th century. It has always been in the center of attention of specialists, the state and responsible structures. However, it should be noted that during the Soviet and post-Soviet years, the preservation of these monuments in different regions of the republic was not performed properly, as a result of which the monument lost its historical value.
We have tried to present the problem of preservation of epigraphs in Armenia during the centenary.
ReferencesAvagyan,1986- S. Avagyan, Vimagrakan prptumner, Yerevan, 1986, ej: (in Armenian)
Grigoryan, 2000- Gr. Grigoryan, Hay vimagrut’yun, Yerevan, 2000, ej: (in Armenian)
DHV, pr. I, 1966- Divan hay vimagrut’yan, prak I, Ani k’aghak’, kazmets’ H. Orbelin, prak I, Yerevan, 1966: (in Armenian)
DHV, pr. II, 1960- Divan hay vimagrut’yan, prak II, Gorisi, Sisiani yev Ghap’ani shrjanner, kazmets’ S. Barkhudaryany, Yerevan, 1960: (in Armenian)
Khalp’akhch’yan, 1959– Khalp’akhch’yan H., Ardzanagrut’yunnery haykakan chartarapetut’yan steghtsagortsut’yan kompozits’iayum, Ejmiatsin, 1959, G, ej 44-52: (in Armenian)
HAA, 131- Hayastani azgayin arkhiv, fond 57, M. Smbatyants’i arkhiv, gorts 131, Moskvayi kayserakan hnagitakan ynkerut’yan kanonadrut’yuny: (in Armenian)
Ghafadaryan, 1962, 2- K. Ghafadaryan, Tekori tachari V dari hayeren ardzanagrut’yuny yev mesropyan aybubeni arrajin tarradzevery, PBH, 1962, t’iv 2, ej 39-54: (in Armenian)
Manuch’aryan, 1977- Al. Manuch’aryan, K’nnut’yun Hayastani IV-XI dd. shinararakan vkayagreri, Yerevan, 1977: (in Armenian)
Marry yev hayagitakan harts’ery, 1968-Marry yev hayagitakan harts’ery, Yerevan, 1968: (in Armenian)
Smbateants’, 1894- M. Smbateants’, Haykakan hnut’iwnner, Ararat, 1894, dektember, ej 373-375: (in Armenian)
Smbateants’, 1895-M. Smbateants’, Teghagir Geghark’uni tsovazard gawarri, Vagharshapat, 1895: (in Armenian)
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Articles
The study of the lives and activities of Armenian spiritual leaders as an direction in Armenian studies (according to the example of Gevorg E Surenyants)
AbstractToday, in the field of studying the history of the Armenian Church, a direction is gradually emerging that is dedicated to illuminating the lives and activities of Armenian spiritual leaders, especially the Catholicoses of all Armenians. The primary foundation for such research consists of letters, reports, and records of spiritual figures.
The publication of documents, as well as unpublished memoirs, significantly contributes to and facilitates the complete restoration of the lives and activities of Armenian spiritual leaders. In these works, the activities of the Catholicoses, who assumed political functions in the absence of state power, are particularly emphasized, as they essentially represent manifestations of both the internal and external policies of the country. By engaging in economic, social, cultural, and educational activities within the country, they contributed to the development of all these spheres.
The article presents the role of a spiritual leader in various spheres of the country's life through the example of Catholicos of All Armenian Gevorg Surenyants.
Thus, by studying the history of various periods in the lives and activities of the Catholicoses and spiritual leaders of Armenia, we are essentially exploring Armenian history and developing Armenian studies, while translating these materials into other languages expands the horizons of Armenian studies.
ReferencesAghaneants’ 1893 – Aghaneants’ G., Diwan hayots’ patmut’ean, T’iflis, tparan N. Sharadze, 1893, D, 326 ej: (in Armenian)
Balyan 2015 - Balyan A., Ejmiatsni yeghbayrakan ognut’yan glkhavor kargadir handznazhoghovi gortsuneut’yuny, Astvatsabanut’yan fakultet, Taregirk’, 2015, ZH, ej 135-141: (in Armenian)
Behbudean 2005 - Behbudean S., Vawyeragrer hay yekeghets’u patmut’ean, girk’ ZHG, Georg Ye Sureneants’ Kat’voghikos Amenayn hayots’ (1847-1930), p’astat’ght’eri yev niwt’eri zhoghovatsu, Yerevan, Mughni hrat., 2005, 712 ej: (in Armenian)
Bozoyan 2003 - Bozoyan A., Hayots’ yekeghets’u patmut’yan hetazotut’yan khndirneri shurj (vaveragitakan ts’anker), Hayagitut’yan ardi vichaky yev nra zargats’man herrankarnery, hayagitakan mijagayin hamazhoghov, Yerevan, 2003, ej 254: (in Armenian)
Leo 1902 - Leo, Yovsep’ kat’voghikos Arghut’ean, tp. T. M. Rrotineants’i, T’iflis, 1902, 228 ej: (in Armenian)
Kostandyan 2003 - Kostandyan E., Maghak’ia Ormanyani patmagitakan hayats’k’nery, Hayagitut’yan ardi vichaky yev nra zargats’man herrankarnery, hayagitakan mijagayin hamazhoghov, Yerevan, 2003, ej 257-259: (in Armenian)
Kostandyan 2008a - Kostandyan E., Mkrtich’ Khrimyan․hasarakakan-k’aghak’akan gortsuneut’yuny, HH GAA PI hrat., Yerevan, 2008, 459 ej: (in Armenian)
Kostandyan 2008 - Kostandyan E., Garegin Srvandztyants’ (Kyank’y yev gortsuneut’yuny), HH GAA PI hrat., Yerevan, 2008, 200 ej: (in Armenian)
Hayastani azgayin arkhiv – Arshak Ch’vopanyani f․ 113, ts’․ 1, g․ 20, t’․ 2: (in Armenian)
Hatityan 1978 – Hatityan A., Hay azatagrakan sharzhumnery 1780-1800 t’vakannerin yev Hovsep’ ark’episkopos Arghut’yani kyank’n u gortsuneut’yuny, Ejmiatsin, t’iw Y-T’, 1978, ej 72-81: (in Armenian)
Maghalyan Vladimir, Vaveragrer hay yekeghets’u patmut’yan (1921-1938 t’t’.), kazmogh S. A. Behbudyan, ej 207-211: http://www.old.ysu.am/files/21V_Maghalyan-1457617482-.pdf (in Armenian)
Sargsyan 2016 - Sargsyan S., Emma Kostandyan, Drvagner Maghak’ia ark’episkopos Ormanyani kyank’its’ yev gortsuneut’yunits’, Hayagitut’yan harts’er, N 2, 2016, ej 152-156: (in Armenian)
T. Ararat k’ahana Poghosyan 2015 - T. Ararat k’ahana Poghosyan, Gyut avag k’ahana Aghanyants’i kyank’n u gortsuneut’yuny (Hamarrot urvagits), Patmut’yun yev mshakuyt’, N 1, 2015, ej 150-161: (in Armenian)
Ormanean Maghak’ia, Azgapatum, h. A,
Ormanean 1914 - Ormanean M., Azgapatum, h. B, hrat. V. yev H. Ter-Nersesean, Kostandnupolis, 1914, ej 3376: (in Armenian)
Tunyan 2007 - Tunyan V., Zashchitnik otechestva - Katolikos Vsekh Armyan Nerses Ashtaraketsi, 1826 - 1857 gg., Sv. Echmiadzin, Yerevan, 2007, 440 s.
http://armenian-church.org/images/books/4bk13katolikos.pdf (in Russian)
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Articles
The Development of Medieval Archaeology in Armenia and the “Vayots Dzor Silk Road Survey” (VDSRS)
AbstractThis article addresses the current challenges facing medieval archaeology and outlines the necessary steps to align it with global trends, ensuring its sustainable development. Key challenges include the need for methodological innovation and enhanced interdisciplinary collaboration, both of which are essential for a more comprehensive study of Armenia’s medieval past.
The article emphasizes the importance of a comprehensive, interdisciplinary approach to archaeological research that goes beyond merely presenting excavated sites and artifacts. By synthesizing the results of excavated monuments and examining them in the context of the surrounding landscape, this approach facilitates the reconstruction of a complete and nuanced picture of medieval life.
In light of the issues and challenges identified for advancing medieval archaeology in Armenia, the VDSRS project prioritizes these objectives in its research agenda. The project’s landscape approach integrates the study of archaeological sites, architectural monuments, historical and epigraphic sources, and material culture to gain insights into how people historically shaped and interacted with their environment.
Building on Armenia’s rich tradition of medieval archaeology and incorporating new research findings, VDSRS aims to elevate Armenian archaeology within international academic discourse, fostering cross-cultural dialogue and situating Armenia within both regional and global medieval contexts. Through this approach, the project enhances our understanding of the significance of Armenia’s medieval heritage within the broader framework of the region’s history.
ReferencesBabajanyan, Franklin 2019- Babajanyan A., Franklin K’., Mijnadaryan mshakut’ayin landshafty Vayots’ dzorum Metak’si chanaparhi hamakargum, Hnagitut’yan yev azgagrut’yan instituti Ashkhatut’yunner, N 3, 2019, ej 125-136, 238-240: (in Armenian)
Babajanyan, Franklin 2021- Babajanyan A., Franklin K’., Mijnadaryan Arp’an, k’aravanayin chanaparhneri khach’merukin, khmb., Dalalyan T., Vayots’ dzor: patmamshakut’ayin zharrangut’yan drvagner, Yerevan, «Hnagitut’yan yev azgagrut’yan institut» hrat., 2021, ej 231-249: (in Armenian)
Harut’yunyan 1960- Harut’yunyan V., Mijnadaryan Hayastani k’aravanatnern u kamurjnery, Yerevan, «Haypethrat», 1960, 147 ej. (in Armenian)
Mirijanyan 2021- Mirijanyan D․, Hayastani mijnadaryan t’aghman karruyts’neri peghumnery (ants’yaly yev nerkan), Banber Matenadarani, N 31, 2021, ej 182-196: (in Armenian)
Nalbandyan 2017-2018- Nalbandyan A., Havuts’ t’arri Blri yekeghets’in, «Hushardzan», N ZHB-ZHG, 2017-2018, ej 75-108. (in Armenian)
Nalbandyan 2019a- Nalbandyan A., Ardzanagir khach’k’arer Meghrii Sb Hovhannes (Anapastanats’) vank’its’, Lraber hasarakakan gitut’yunneri, N2, 2019, ej 272-287: (in Armenian)
Nalbandyan 2019b- Nalbandyan A., Norahayt vimagrer Havuts’ t’arrits’, «Hushardzan», N ZHD, 2019, ej 26-53. (in Armenian)
Nalbandyan 2022- Nalbandyan A․, Bardzrak’ashi vanakan hamaliri 2021 t’․ peghumneri ardyunk’nery, Hnagitakan hashvetvut’yun, 2022, 173 ej. (in Armenian)
Nalbandyan, Alek’sanyan, Mirijanyan 2015- Nalbandyan A․, Alek’sanyan T․, Mirijanyan D․, Ch’ich’khanavank’, Yerevan, «Gasprint» hrat․, 2015, 87 ej. (in Armenian)
Nalbandyan S․ Nalbandyan A․, Badalyan, Alek’sanyan 2021- Nalbandyan S., Nalbandyan A., Badalyan H., Alek’sanyan T., Tandzap’arakhi anapati 2012-2019 t’t’. peghumneri ardyunk’nery, «Hushardzan», N ZHZ, 2021, ej 85-119: (in Armenian)
Tonapetyan 2020- Tonapetyan P․, Yereruyk’․ K’ristoneakan Hayastani nshanavor hnavayr, Yerevan, «Sargis Khach’ents’․ P’rint’info» hrat․, 2020, 204 ej. (in Armenian)
K’alant’aryan, Melk’vonyan 2005- K’alant’aryan A․, Melk’vonyan H․, Hnagitakan ashkhatank’nery Hayastanum 1990-2003 t’t’․, Yerevan, «Mughni» hrat․, 2005, 150 ej. (in Armenian)
Orbelean 1910- Patmut’iwn nahangin Sisakan arareal Step’anosi Orbelean ark’episkoposi Siwneats’, T’iflis, «Yelek’trasharzh tp. Or. N. Aghaneants’i», 1910, 617 ej: (in Armenian)
Manandyan 1954- Manandyan A. O torgovle i gorodakh Armenii v svyazi s mirovoy torgovley drevnikh vremen (V v. do n. e. – XV v. n. e.), Yerevan, Izd. YEGU, 1954, 346 s. (in Russian)
Babajanyan, Franklin 2018- Babajanyan A., Franklin K., Everyday Life on the Medieval Silk Road: VDSRS Excavations at Arpa, Armenia, Aramazd, N 12/1, 2018, pp. 154-182.
Babajanyan, Franklin 2021- Babajanyan A., Franklin K., Local Canyons, Global Views: Results of the Vayots Dzor Silk Road Survey (VDSRS) Project Based on the 2015-2019 Seasons, In Avetisyan P., Bobokhyan A. (eds), Archaeology of Armenia in Regional Context, Yerevan, IAE publishing, 2021, pp. 396-412.
Franklin, Babajanyan 2018a- Franklin K., Babajanyan A., Approaching Landscapes of Infrastructure: Methods and Results of the Vayots Dzor Silk Road Survey, In Anderson W. et al. (eds), Landscape Archaeology in Southern Caucasia: Finding Common Ground in Diverse Environments. Vienna: Austrian Academy of Sciences, Institute for Oriental and European Archaeology (OREA) series 8, 2018, pp. 131-143.
Franklin, Babajanyan 2018b- Franklin K., Babajanyan A., The Power of Making Places: Collaborative Heritage and Working with ARISC in Armenia, Journal of Eastern Mediterranean Archaeology and Heritage Studies, N 6/3, 2018, pp. 205-216.
Franklin, Vorderstrasse, Babayan 2017- Franklin K., Vorderstrasse T., Babayan F., Examining the Late Medieval Village from the Case at Ambroyi, Armenia, Journal of Near Eastern Studies, N 76, 2017, pp. 113–138. https://doi.org/10.1086/690559
Franklin, Babajanyan (forthcoming)- Franklin K., Babajanyan A. Textual layering as landscape formation process: Interdisciplinary methodology and medieval places in Vayots Dzor, Armenia, European Journal of Archaeology.
Melkonyan 2020- Melkonyan H., The Achievement of Medieval Archaeology in the Past Fifty Years, Aramazd, N 10/1-2, 2020 (2016), pp. 372-399.
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Articles
The European Union and the issue of Genocide Condemnation and Prevention(The Case of the Armenian Genocide)
AbstractThe problem of recognition and condemnation of 1915 Armenian Genocide by the member states of EU, European institutions especially European Parliament became the subject of various scientific studies. problem is that this studies emphasized and underlined the role of European Parliament and his resolutions and their impact on the political process. But even more important to examine not only European Parliemant resolutions, which usually have consultative significance consultative importance, but the action and steps of athers bodies of the Union their proportionality, policy of “two weights two measures”․
For the full and detailed study of EU’s policy regarding recognition and condemnation of genicides requires compare side by side the action and steps of others bodies of the Union towards Armenian Genocide, Holocaust committed against the Jewish people during World War II, Rwandan genocide, Srebrenica massacre and other crimes against humanity. Тhat's how we can assess effectiveness of the mechanisms which have justified themselves, and also reveal the incomplete steps that left past crimes without impunity, thereby left the open path for future atrocities.
ReferencesInch’pes 60 yerkrneri patvirakut’yunnery havak’ets’in anmorruk-tsaghkepsaky https://news.am/arm/news/264368.html (in Armenian)
Italioy yev Adrbejani mej khoch’yndotuats «Ararat»i ts’uts’adrut’iwny, «Yarraj» orat’ert’, 30 april 2003: (in Armenian)
Yevrahandznazhoghovy k’nnadatel e Hayots’ ts’eghaspanut’yany veraberogh orenk’i yndunumy Fransiayum https://www.azatutyun.am/a/1584504.html (in Armenian)
Hayots’ ts’eghaspanuYevropakan khorhrdarani banadzevy «Haykakan harts’i k’aghak’akan lutsman masin» 18 hunis 1987 t’.
http://www.genocide-museum.am/arm/European_Parliament_Resolutio3.php (in Armenian)
Luis Moreno Okampo. Aliyevy ts’eghaspanut’yun e gortsel
https://mediamax.am/am/news/society/54650/ (in Armenian)
Martin Shults’. Miak ughin arrajynt’ats’n e, hayeri u t’urk’eri yerkkhosut’yuny https://news.am/arm/news/263824.html (in Armenian)
Maruk’yan A., 2014 - Maruk’yan A., Hayots’ ts’eghaspanut’yan hetevank’neri haght’aharman himnakhndirnern u patmairavakan himnavorumnery, Yerevan, 2014, 332 ej: (in Armenian)
Rromen Rrolan yev haykakan jardery, «Yarraj» orat’ert’, 23-24 dektember 2000: (in Armenian)
Teteyan A., 2020 - Teteyan A., Hayots’ ts’eghaspanut’yan chanach’man harts’y yev Lerrnayin Gharabaghi himnakhndiry Yevropakan khorhrdarani banadzeverum, «Patmut’yun yev mshakuyt’» hayagitakan handes, t’iv 1, 2020, ej 150-156: (in Armenian)
Khodzhayan K., 2014 - Khodzhayan K., Rol' i znacheniye Yevropeyskogo parlamenta v deyatel'nosti Armyanskikh organizatsiy diaspory, «21-y vek», № 1, 2014, str. 69-85. (in Russian)
European Commission to commemorate 1994 Genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda https://www.brusselstimes.com/55214/european-commission-commemorates-1994-genocide-against-the-tutsi-in-rwanda
European Parliament resolution of 15 April 2015 on the centenary of the Armenian Genocide https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/TA-8-2015-0094_EN.html
Presidents von der Leyen, Sassoli and Michel attend the “World Holocaust Forum 2020” in Jerusalem https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_20_110
Rwanda: Remarks by High Representative/Vice-President Josep Borrell at the Interpeace Project https://www.eeas.europa.eu/eeas/rwanda-remarks-high-representativevice-president-josep-borrell-interpeace-project_en
Speech by President von der Leyen at the International Holocaust Remembrance Day Commemoration of the European Jewish Congress
https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/STATEMENT_22_622
Srebrenica: remembering the past to build a better future together https://www.eeas.europa.eu/eeas/srebrenica-remembering-past-build-better-future-together_en
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Articles
The State of the Study of the History of the Third Republic of Armenia and the Problems of Armenian Historiography
AbstractThe article analyzes the current state of the study of the history of the Third Republic of Armenia. In the direction of the study of the history of the republic, the available literature is divided into two parts. The first part relates to the sources and studies of the process of formation of independence of the Republic of Armenia and the field of domestic policy of the Republic of Armenia. The first part also includes studies on socio-political life, formation of the army, socio-economic, including scientific, educational and cultural life. In the field of studying the domestic and foreign policy of the Third Republic of Armenia, there are defended dissertations on the above-mentioned issues, which complement the results of research on the history of the republic.
Among the printed sources, collections highlighting the activities of various international structures of the republic, containing rich documentary materials and serious scientific analyses, as well as the results of the activities of various sectors of the Third Republic of Armenia, including the national assessment reports of the Republic of Armenia, information collections describing the activities of the UN in Armenia, annual issues of the Human Development Index, the National Report, annual issues of the Social and Economic Situation of Armenia for January-December published by the National Statistical Agency of the Republic of Armenia, issues of statistical yearbooks and statistical booklets of Armenia, annual analytical reports and collections reflecting the social state of Armenia, etc should be noted.
In studying the history of the republic, the author emphasizes the creation of special schools for the study of the history of the republic, one of the best manifestations of which is the defense of about two dozen dissertations under his scientific supervision, covering various areas of the republic’s spheres of activity. The state of knowledge of the history of the Third Republic of Armenia proves that, despite three voluminous monographs published by the author of these lines, there is still no full-fledged monograph covering the international situation and foreign policy of the Third Republic of Armenia up to the present day. The author of these lines has begun to solve this problem.
In the end, several very important recommendations have been given for a complete picture of the study, which will certainly help in terms of significantly increasing the effectiveness of research in this area.
ReferencesAzizbekyan, 1992 - Azizbekyan RR․, Hayastany verakarruts’umits’ minch’ev ankakhut’yun, Hamarrot aknark, Yerevan, HGA hrat., 1992: (in Armenian)
Minasyan, 2003 - Minasyan E., Sots’ial-tntesakan verap’vokhumnery Hayastani hanrapetut’yunum (1990-2003 t’t’.), Yerevan, YePH hrat., 2003. (in Armenian)
Minasyan, 2005 a - Minasyan E․, Hayots’ ts’eghaspanut’yan mijazgayin chanach’man gortsynt’ats’nery verjin ch’vors tasnamyakum, Mets yegherrn-90, Hanrapetakan gitakan nstashrjani nyut’er, Gyumri 2005a, ej 66-74. (in Armenian)
Minasyan, 2005 b - Minasyan E․, Hayots’ ts’eghaspanut’yan mijazgayin chanach’man gortsynt’ats’y, Hayots’ mets yegherrn 90, hodvatsneri zhoghovatsu, Yerevan, 2005b, ej 285-301. (in Armenian)
Minasyan, 2011 a- Minasyan E․, Hayots’ ts’eghaspanut’yan chanach’man mijazgayin nor p’uli arrandznahatkut’yunnery, Patmut’yun yev mshakuyt’, hayagitakan handes, A, Yerevan, 2011, ej 323-331. (in Armenian)
Minasyan, 2011 b - Minasyan E․, Hayastani Hanrapetut’yan yev Rrusastani Dashnut’yan haraberut’yunnery (1991-2001t’t’.), Patmut’yun yev mshakuyt’, hayagitakan handes, A, Yerevan, 2011, ej 3-22. (in Armenian)
Barseghyan, 1998 - Barseghyan L․, Sijazgayin hanrut’yuny datapartum e hayots’ ts’eghaspanut’yuny, Yerevan, 1998. (in Armenian)
Barseghyan, 2002 - Barseghyan L․, Fransian hayots’ ts’eghaspanut’yuny orensdrut’yamb chanach’ats arrajin petut’yunn e ashkharhum, Yerevan, 2002. (in Armenian)
Barseghyan, 2004 - Barseghyan L․, Taregrut’yun hayots’ ts’eghaspanut’yan pashtonakan datapartman yev chanach’man (1915-2000 t’t’.), Yerevan, 2004: (in Armenian)
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Articles
Functions of Armenology in the Era of Globalization
AbstractCurrently, Armenology has turned into a scientific worldview based on an integral understanding of the results of specific sciences about Armenia and Armenians, which, of course, does not have its own theory and method, but in a new competitive environment it can overcome foreign views about Armenia and Armenians formed from the outside by way of transformation of the Armenian view integrated within the independent state. Therefore, the task of the state operating in a new competitive environment is to form a management system of Armenology, an Armenology system, in order to scientifically substantiate and solve the tasks of self-knowledge, self-preservation, self-reproduction and self-expression of both its own citizens and at an appropriate level.
Until now, Armenology had four main functions: scientific-cognitive, didactic-educational, formation of values and development on its own basis, and protection and propaganda. In the present article, we have come to the conclusion that a fifth, civilizing function should be added to them.
The reason is that the discovery and consolidation of the historical nucleus of Indo-Europeans, from India and Iran to the Romano-Germanic world, can resist the "Turan" project, which has been challenging the world civilization for a long time, which will allow to neutralize the opportunities of the Turan project to become a global region. Such a perspective has its geopolitical and economic aspect, the India – Iran – Armenia – Georgia - Europe communication axis, which, can be considered as a scientific task of discovering the cultural commonalities of the Indo-European or Aryan peoples.
ReferencesKhudinyan 2004 - Khudinyan G․, Hayagitut’yuny 21-rd darum. Mas arrajin. Azgayin shahery yev hayagitut’yan npataknery mrts’akts’ayin nor mijavayrum, «21-RD DAR», Ye․, 2004, N 3, ej 24-42. (in Armenian)
Hovhannisyan 1957 - Hovhannisyan Ashot, Drvagner hay azatagrakan mtk’i patmut’yan, girk’ 1, Ye․, 1957, glukh arrajin. (in Armenian)
Yaspers 1991 - Yaspers K., Istoki istorii i yeye tsel', v kn. «Smysl i naznacheniye istorii», M.: «Politizdat», 1991 s. 32-37. (in Russian)
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Articles
The Crisis of the Armenian Community of Syria and the Repatriation (2012-2018)
AbstractAs a consecuance of the war in Syria, started in March, 2011, and still continuing in different parts of the country, also Armenian-populated villages and towns, including Aleppo, Damascus, Kessab, were completely destroyed and set on fire. The Armenian churches, schools, national buildings, houses were looted, desecrated and set on fire. As a result of the emigration that started, as well as the victims, the Armenian community has become significantly thinner. About 10.000 of 80.000 Armenians remain.
Thousands of Armenian-Syrians have taken shelter among other countries (Lebanon, Jordan, the United Arab Emirates, the USA, Canada, Sweden, etc.) also in the Motherland, in the Republics of Armenia. From the beginning of the war to 2018, 22 thousand Syrian Armenians arrived in Armenia.
The RA government, particularly the Ministry of Diaspora (2008-2018), supported those who wanted to repatriate in every possible way and contributed to the socio-economic and educational integration of immigrants in the Motherland.
Under the conditions of a precarious and unpromising future and the gradually threatening dangers in Syria, as well as in the Near and Middle East and the Western countries, in addition to the dreadful geopolitical developments imperiling humanity and civilization, and a 100 years following the Armenian Genocide, it is advisable to ideologically and psychologically prepare those living in foreign lands and facing the danger of the maintenance of their physical existence and assimilation to make a transition from a century-old passive and inefficient Armenian-preserving policy into a practical land-preserving policy, into Repatriation to the Native Country.
ReferencesHayastani azgayin arkhiv (HAA), F. 1786, ts’. 3, g. 44, 45: (in Armenian)
Apachean-Ch’ilAboshean L., Azarikean-Pamak’szean S., Ch’ilAboshean-Poghikean M., Hallachean S.- Apachean-Ch’ilAboshean L., Azarikean-Pamak’szean S., Ch’ilAboshean-Poghikean M., Hallachean S., Verakangnumi ashkhatank’neru hamaynapatker, «Gandzasar. Bats’arrik», Halep, 2019, ej 82. (in Armenian)
Avagyan K’.- Avagyan K’., Siriahayeri artagaght’y Kanada (2013-2016 t’t’.), «Lraber hasarakakan gitut’yunneri», Yerevan, 2022, № 3, ej 63-80. (in Armenian)
Avagyan K’.- Avagyan K’., Siriayi hayeri teghasharzhy arterkir (Libanan, T’urk’ia, Hordanan, AMN, Shvedia, Avstralia) (2012-2018 t’t’.), «Lraber hasarakakan gitut’yunneri», Yerevan, 2023, № 3 (669), ej 61-74: (in Armenian)
Avagyan K’.- Avagyan K’․, Hayapahpanut’yun, t’e? hoghapahpanut’yun. Serndap’vokhut’yan gortsynt’ats’y sp’yurrk’um azgayin petakanut’yan arrajnahert’ut’yunneri hamatek’stum, «Hayastan. TS’eghaspanut’yunits’ veratsnund. 1915-2015», Yerevan, 2015, ej 333-354: (in Armenian)
Gat’rchean A.- Gat’rchean A, Halepahayut’ean krats vnasnery (Aknark), «Surioy hayery. Gitazhoghovi niwt’er (24-27 Mayis, 2015)», khmb., Andranik Tagesean, Peyrut’, Haigazian University Press, 2018, ej 587-592: (in Armenian)
Zak’aryan F.- Zak’aryan F, Siriayi hay hamaynk’i het taruogh ashkhatank’nery (2008-2015), «Surioy hayery. Gitazhoghovi niwt’er (24-27 Mayis, 2015)», khmb., Andranik Tagesean, Peyrut’, Haigazian University Press, 2018, ej 569-570: (in Armenian)
«Halepi azatagrumy zineal grohayinneren mets khandavarrut’iwn u hogekan andorrut’iwn steghtsets’ bolorin mej», «Azdak»-in k’yse Zarmik Poghikean, harts’azruyts’y, N. B.-i, 2016, 16 Dektember, <http://www.arfd.am/syriahay/?p=4922>: (in Armenian)
Hamazhoghovner. Hayastan-Sp’yurrk’ 6-rd hamazhoghov, Siriayi Arabakan Hanrapetut’yunum HH despan Arshak P’voladyani zekuyts’y, «Siriahay hamaynk’i vichaky (2011-2017 t’t’.)», 2017, 18-20 septemberi, <http://www.mindiaspora.am/am/HS_6_hamajoxov>: (in Armenian)
Mkrtch’yan Gayane- Mkrtch’yan Gayane, K’esab. yntanik’nery veradarrnum yen, ch’nayats apagayi anoroshut’yany, 2014, 17 hunisi, <https://www.armenianow.com>: (in Armenian)
Ch’volak’ean Yakob- Ch’volak’ean Yakob, Suriahay gaghut’y paterazmen arraj, Karapetyan Rruben, Siriahayery Hayastanum. Integrman ughinery, «Hayastani yev sp’yurrk’i et’nosots’iolagiakan usumnasirut’yunner», № 9, Yerevan, HH GAA «Gitut’yun» hrat., 2015, ej 26. (in Armenian)
Ch’volak’ean Yakob- Ch’volak’ean Yakob, Suriahay dprots’i patmut’iwn, h. A, Yerevan, HAI hrat., 2021, ej 365. (in Armenian)
Simavoryan Aristakes, Hovyan Vahram, Veranyan Karen- Simavoryan Aristakes, Hovyan Vahram, Veranyan Karen, Israyeli, Irani, T’urk’iayi, Adrbejani k’aghak’akanut’yuny sp’yurrk’i nkatmamb, Yerevan, «Noravank’» GKH, 2017, ej 153: (in Armenian)
«Suriahay gaghut’y tokun yev zorawor armatneru vray himnuats u kazmuats gaghut’ e», ky yaytne Surioy H.Y.D. Kedronakan Komitei andam Nerses Sargisean, 2015, 2 Dektember, <http://hairenikweekly.com/2015/12/02/24700>: (in Armenian)
«Suriahayery Shueti mej krts’an yekeghets’i unenal». Hranoysh Yakobean, 2015, 30 Hoktember, <http://www.ragmamoul.net/news/news-from-armenia/սուրիահայերը-շուէտի-մէջ-կրցան-եկեղե/>: (in Armenian)
17.000 siriahayer apastan yen gtel Hayastanum. inch’pe?s ognel nrants’ (harts’azruyts’), 2016, marti 26, <http://armedia.am>: (in Armenian)
Aleppo Armenians Commemorate Genocide Centennial. 2015, April 28, <http://asbarez.com/134553/aleppo-armenians-commemorate-genocide-centennial/>.
Aleppo's Oldest Armenian Church Bombed. 2015, April 29, <http://www.agos.com.tr/en/article/11427/aleppos-oldest-armenian-church-bombed>.
Armenian Homes in Kessab Looted, Occupied. “Asbarez,” 2014, March 25.
Armenians Embrace Syrians Fleeing War – and Their Food. 2019, November 28, <https://www.curiositymag.com>.
First Kessab Refugees Arrive in Armenia. “Asbarez,” 2014, April 3.
Human Dimension Implementation Meeting. Working Session 12. Rights of Migrants. Delivered by Davit Knyazyan, Head of the OSCE and Conventional Arms Control Division, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Armenia. 2018, September 28, p. 1, <https://www.osce.org>.
Kassabtzis in Diaspora Remember Their Quaint Town in Syria. Majority of Inhabitants Who Are of Armenian Ethnicity Recall Town Being Plundered. 2015, March 21, <http://gulfnews.com>.
The Survival of Syria’s Armenian Community. “Asbarez,” 24.09.2014.
Syrian Civil War Comes to Armenian Community. 2014, April 3, <http://www.santafenewmexican.com>.
Two Third of Armenian Population Left Syria. 2015, May 21, <http://www.panorama.am>.
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Articles
The Role of the "Kachar" Scientific Center in the Advancement of Armenian Studies in Artsakh
AbstractAfter the declaration of independence, significant progress was made in the Republic of Artsakh in the fields of state-building, as well as in spiritual, cultural, and scientific-educational spheres. To support these processes, the "Kachar" Scientific Center was established in 2006 in Shushi, which played a significant role, particularly in the development of Armenian Studies and the research of Artsakh's history. The professional library and archive of Artsakh's history housed unique materials on the Artsakh Movement, the national liberation war of 1991-1994, and the periodical press published in Artsakh.
In order to address current issues in Armenian Studies and introduce unpublished documents into the scientific discourse, the Center published the "Kachar Bulletin" and later the Yearbook, along with methodological works, collections of documents, and studies on the history of journalism in Artsakh. In 2008, in collaboration with the Shusha History Museum, the Center conducted research on newly discovered monuments. In 2011, the Center successfully implemented a grant project aimed at the development of Armenian Studies, engaging young specialists in the field.
A key area of the Center's activity was the organization of international scientific conferences on strategically important topics and the publication of conference materials, which provided a significant boost to the development of Armenian Studies in Artsakh.
In November 2020, Shusha was captured, resulting in the loss of an important part of the intellectual heritage of the Armenian people, which had been carefully collected and preserved at the Center. However, public initiatives to develop the Artsakh school of Armenian Studies continued in Stepanakert, and in 2023, after the complete occupation of Artsakh, the Center moved to Yerevan, where it continues its Armenian Studies research.
The Center's publications have been digitized and are available on the website of the National Library of Armenia.
ReferencesAzg, 2. 32, 2006, ej 2: (in Armenian)
Azat Arts’akh, 7. 89, 2006, ej 6: (in Armenian)
Abrahamyan 2010 - Abrahamyan H., Ogtakar usumnamet’vodakan dzerrnark, «Kacharr» (KGK-i taregirk’): Gk’. 4(47-58), Shushi, «Kacharr» gitakan kentroni hrat., 2010, ej 335-339: (in Armenian)
Adrbejani ts’eghaspanakan vark’y 2021 - Adrbejani ts’eghaspanakan vark’y. patmut’yun yev ardiakanut’yun (iravak’aghak’akan gnahatakanits’ minch’ev mijazgayin dataran): Mijazgayin arrts’ants’ gitazhoghov, nvirvats Shushii hay bnakch’ut’yan ts’eghaspanut’yan 100-rd tarelits’in (Shushi, 2020 t’. hulisi 15-16), zekuts’umneri zhoghovatsu, kaz. yev khmb., M. A. Harut’yunyan, Yerevan, «Edit print» hrat., 2021, 552 ej + 32 ej nerdir: (in Armenian)
Ahyan 2015 - Ahyan M., «Klor seghan», nvirvats Shushii martyan voghbergut’yan 91-rd tarelits’in, Kacharr (KGK-i taregirk’): Gk’. 7 (83-94), 2013, Shushi, «Kacharr» gitakan kentroni hrat., 2015, ej 219-222: (in Armenian)
Avanesov H.- Avanesov H., Grk’i shnorhandes Shushii «Kacharr» gitakan kentronum, Nor Shahumyan, 17-18, 2015, ej 6: (in Armenian)
Avanesov 2016 - Avanesov H., Arts’akhyan azatamarti taregrut’yan steghtsman chanaparhin. «Kacharr» (KGK-i taregirk’): Gk’. 3. Shushi, «Kacharr» gitakan kentroni hrat., 2014, 272 ej, «Mesrop Mashtots’» Hamalsarani Lratu (gitakan hodvatsneri parberakan zhoghovatsu), Yerevan, Limush, 2016, ej 461-464: (https://arar.sci.am/dlibra/publication/389026/edition/359814?language=en) (in Armenian)
Avanesov H.- Avanesov H., Arts’akhyan azatamarti taregrut’yan steghtsman chanaparhin. «Kacharr» (KGK-i taregirk’): Girk’ 3. Shushi, «Kacharr» gitakan kentroni hrat., 2014, 272 ej, Martik, 7. 27-28 2016, ej 6: (in Armenian)
Avanesov 2017 - Avanesov H., «Kacharr» gitakan kentrony yev Arts’akhyan azgayin azatagrakan payk’ari taregrut’yuny, khmb., «Kovkasy` mer yndhanur tun» mijazgayin gitazhoghovi hodvatsneri zhoghovatsu, Step’anakert, Dizak plyus, ej 21-26: (in Armenian)
Gabriyelyan A., Shushii anmegh zoheri hishatakin, Azat Arts’akh, 3. 35. 2006, ej 7: (in Armenian)
Gabriyelyan K., Verakangnel mer divanagitakan hmayk’y[Klor seghan Step’anakertum], Azg, 8.148, 2006, ej 3: (in Armenian)
Grigoryan L., Hanrahavak’ Shushium, Azat Arts’akh, 9. 122. 2008, ej 2: (in Armenian)
Lragroghakan hanragitak 2012 (https://shushiikachargitkentron.blogspot.com/p/blog-page.html): (in Armenian)
Khach’atryan 2017 - Khach’atryan S., Ants’yali dasery mez het yen, Kacharr taregirk’, Gk’. 8 (95-106), Shushi, «Kacharr» gitakan kentroni hrat., 2017, ej 217-220: (in Armenian)
«Kacharr» gk’. 4 - Kacharr (KGK-i taregirk’): Gk’. 4, Adrbejani petakan ahabekch’ut’yuny yev et’nikakan ztumneri k’aghak’akanut’yuny Lerrnayin Gharabaghi dem, khmb., Harut’yunyan M., Shushi, «Kacharr» gitakan kentroni hrat., 2010, 348 ej: (in Armenian)
«Kacharr» gk’. 6 - Kacharr (KGK-i taregirk’): Gk’. 6(71-82), 2012, Shushin` haykakan mshakuyt’i ojakh (Haykakan gratput’yan 500-amyakin nvirvats mijazgayin gitakan konferansi zekuts’umner), Shushi, «Kacharr» gitakan kentroni hrat., 2014, 240 ej + 16 ej nk.: (in Armenian)
KGK - «Kacharr» gitakan kentroni arkhiv, f. 333, g. 8, t’. 9-23 (in Armenian)
KGA - «Kacharr» gitakan kentroni arkhiv, f. 333, g. 21, t’. 2: (in Armenian)
Hayrenik’, 3. 6. 2006, ej 3: (in Armenian)
Hayats’k’ Yerevanits’ 2019 - Mher Harut’yunyan, Arts’akhyan sharzhman patmagrut’yan himnaharts’ery (Mas I) Dektemberi 13 https://acnis.am/hy/book-review/43-2019 (in Armenian)
Harut’yunyan A., Adrbejan-LGHH hakamartut’yan k’aghak’akan yent’akhork’ery, Martik, 8. 31. 2006, ej 5: (in Armenian)
Harut’yunyan 2008 – Harut’yunyan M., «Kacharr» gitakan kentroni gortsuneut’yuny (2006 t’. p’etrvari 20 – 2007 t’. dektemberi 20), Kacharr (KGK-i taregirk’): Gk’. 1: Khmb.` M. A. Harut’yunyani, Shushi, «Kacharr» gitakan kentroni hrat., 2008, ej 5-29: (in Armenian)
Harut’yunyan 2010 – Harut’yunyan M., Arts’akhi parberakan mamuli patmut’yunits’: Arts’akhi parberakan mamuli matenagtut’yun (1874-2009t’t’.), Patmak’nnakan neratsut’yamb, tsanot’agrut’yunnerov, meknabanut’yunnerov, Step’anakert, «Dizak plyus», 2010, 240 ej (https://haygirk.nla.am/upload/1941-/arcaxi_parberakan_mamuli_patm_2010.pdf) (in Armenian)
Harut’yunyan 2012 - Harut’yunyan M. Shushin` vorpes hay mamuli kentron https://shushiikachargitkentron.blogspot.com/p/aouaae-u-aoe-iuiau-naoauaoyuy.html (in Armenian)
Harut’yunyan 2014 - Harut’yunyan M., «Kacharr» gitakan kentron» hasarakakan kazmakerput’yan 2009 t’. gortsuneut’yan masin, Kacharr (KGK-i taregirk’): Gk’. 3(35-46), 2009, Shushi, «Kacharr» gitakan kentroni hrat., 2014, ej 3-15: (in Armenian)
Harut’yunyan 2015 - Harut’yunyan M., «Kacharr» gitakan kentron» hasarakakan kazmakerput’yan gortsuneut’yuny 2010-2013 t’vakannerin, Kacharr (KGK-i taregirk’): Gk’. 7 (83-94), 2013, Shushi, «Kacharr» gitakan kentroni hrat., 2015, ej 3-18: (in Armenian)
Harut’yunyan 2017 - Harut’yunyan M., «Kacharr» gitakan kentron» hasarakakan kazmakerput’yan 2014-2015 t’t’. gortsuneut’yan masin, Kacharr taregirk’, Gk’. 9 (107-118), Shushi, «Kacharr» gitakan kentroni hrat., ej 3-36: (in Armenian)
Harut’yunyan 2022 - Harut’yunyan M., Arts’akhi Hanrapetut’yunum ugheghayin kentroni ardi khndirneri u arrajnahert’ut’yunneri masin, Gitut’yan yev krt’ut’yan dery petut’yan zargats’man gortsum, «Mesrop Mashtots’» Hamalsarani 25-amyakin nvirvats mijazgayin gitazhoghov (29 hoktemberi, Step’anakert, 2022 t’.), ej 115-133 (https://hal.science/hal-04025391v2/document) (in Armenian)
Harut’yunyan V., Gitakan kentrony gortsum e, Kacharr, 6. 4. 2006, ej 1: (in Armenian)
Harut’yunyan V., «Gharabaghi chakatagiry» grk’i shnorhandesy Shushium, Azat Arts’akh, 9. 101. 2007, ej 7: (in Armenian)
Hovhannisyan 2008 - Hovhannisyan L., Himnakazm gitakan gradarani steghtsman chanaparhin, Kacharr (KGK-i taregirk’): Gk’. 1(10-22): Khmb.` M. A. Harut’yunyani, Shushi, «Kacharr» gitakan kentroni hrat.n, 2008, ej 227-230: (in Armenian)
Hovsep’yan N., Yeritasard serundy datapartum e, Martik, 3-4.12. 2006, ej 7: (in Armenian)
Minasyan, Vardanyan 2017 - Minasyan E., Vardanyan A., Patmagitakan ushagrav ashkhatut’yun, Patmut’yun yev mshakuyt’, ej 507-512 (http://publications.ysu.am/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/Graxosutyun.pdf): (in Armenian)
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Petrosyan A., Grk’i shnorhandes Arts’akhi zhurrnalistneri miut’yunum, Berd, 2020, ej 1 http://berdpress.com/news/1168-2020-02-22-09-11-53 (in Armenian)
Petrosyan A., Mher Harut’yunyan. Shushium mtavor vit’khari harstut’yan korsti darry dasy sovorets’rets’ iratesoren gnahatel steghtsvats iravichaky. A1+ 2024, https://www.aravot.am/2024/07/14/1432627/
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Suk’iasyan G., Nshvets’ Shushii gratput’yan 190-amyaky, Mankavarzhakan hamalsaran, 9. 11. 2018, ej 5 (https://tert.nla.am/archive/NLA%20TERT/Mankavarjakanhamalsaran2003/11.pdf) (in Armenian)
Suk’iasyan 2020 - Suk’iasyan G., Girk’y yev gradaranayin-teghekatvakan mshakuyt’y Arts’akhum: Usumnakan dzerrnark, Yerevan, Hegh. hrat., 108 ej: (in Armenian)
Suk’iasyan G., Azgayin lezvov arrajin tpagrut’yunn irakanats’noghnery hayern ein, Hayastani Hanrapetut’yun, 2021 (https://hhpress.am/aylq/2021/7098/) (in Armenian)
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Articles
Western Armenian phrases and their teaching as a means of enriching students' vocabulary
AbstractPhrases can appear in a sentence expressing figurative and literal meanings. Phrases with constituents expressing formative units are considered by many researchers to be the colorful side of the language.
Therefore, students' language should be taught in such a way that it can lead to the development of skills. In fact, the level of mastery of phrases serves as an important indicator of target language proficiency.
Teaching and learning phrases units helps to reveal the cognitive processes of the mind in creative thinking.
At the same time, it contributes to the formation of other language skills: speaking, reading, etc. It can also lead to significant gains in vocabulary and stylistic awareness, which includes conscious perception and understanding of changes in the basic form and meaning of sentences, the stylistic coherence of the original text, and the creation of new meaning in the overall original text.
The teaching of phrases at school has the main purpose of enriching students' vocabulary with figurative expressions, as well as introducing the history of the emergence of phrases, informing students about Armenian dialects, folklore, traditions, and myths.
The article studies the role of Western Armenian phrases in the language teaching process and the modern methods of teaching them. Special attention is paid to the role of phrases as one of the indicators of language proficiency. With this work, we try to show what modern methods can be used to teach Western Armenian phrases, based on the fact that Western Armenian textbooks do not teach this topic.
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Articles
The Representation of Armenians and the Armenian Question in Turkey’s 11th Grade Secondary School History Textbook
AbstractTextbooks of Turkish history is considered one of the most influential methods of denial of the Armenian Genocide as well as the formation of negative mindset towards the Armenian people. In the handbooks of Turkish history Armenians are presented under an extremely negative light. The period of Armenian question from 1878 to 1923 is presented with rough errors and deliberate distortions of historical facts. Furthermore, according the logic of handbooks the existence of our people and the Armenian question are considered to be a threat to Turkish national security.
ReferencesYılmaz, 2023 – Yılmaz A., Tarih, 11. Ders Kitabı, Özgün Matbaacılık San. Tic. AŞ, Ankara, 2023, 240 s.
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Articles
Remarks on some historical-cultural developments in the Armenian Highland during the late bronze – early iron ages
AbstractFormed in Northern Mesopotamia and southern Armenian Highland, Mittani kingdom occupied enormous territory, named "Fertile Crescent" in historiography. In the war against Assyria under Shalmaneser I, Mittani and its allies suffered heavy defeat, yet, continued struggling against Assyria’s expansionist ambitions. Armenian Highland’s provinces Harq (Turuberan region) and Aragatsotn (Ayrarat region) became powerful centers of resistance. Probably, this was the consequence of migration of population groups intolerant to Assyrian domination to the north. This is evidenced by archaeological data and toponymical parallels, also, data preserved in Armenian historians’ works drawn from "Hayk and Bel" legend. Inscriptions of Tukulti-Ninurta I state that the rebellious country of Kadmukhi was occupied and a tribute imposed on it. There are parallels of some Mittani toponyms in Armenian Highland. Possibly, during the discussed period, the population of Mittani migrated in two directions – to the north-west and north-east. The cultural ties between people of Mittani and Armenian Highland covered various spheres: writing, military affairs, glyptics, metalworking, pottery, etc. Some traditions of Mittani were preserved in Armenian Highland and successfully developed later-on. Iron Age culture of Armenian Highland, immediately preceding the ancient Armenian culture (from late period to early phase, inclusive), could be named “most ancient Armenian culture”.
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P’iliposyan 2001- P’iliposyan A., Vagherkat’edaryan yerku dambaranner Armavirits’, khmb., K’alant’aryan A., Harut’yunyan S., Hin Hayastani patmut’yan yev mshakuyt’i harts’er, Gevorg Tirats’yani hishatakin nvirvats gitazhoghovi zekuts’umner, Yerevan, «HH GAA hnagitut’yan yev azgagrut’yan instituti hrat.», 2001, ej 13-19: (in Armenian)
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K’vosyan 2013- K’vosyan A., Mitanni, glkh. khmb., RR. Safrastyan, Hayastani harakits’ yerkrneri patmut’yun, h. I, Yerevan, «Zangak» hrat., 2013, ej 389-401. (in Armenian)
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K’vosyan 2024- K’vosyan A., Grekyan Ye., Haykakan lerrnashkharhi mijavayrayin patmut’yuny, Yerevan, «HH GAA hnagitut’yan yev azgagrut’yan instituti hrat.», 2024, 408 ej. (in Armenian)
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Khachatryan 1979- Khachatryan T., Artikskiy nekropol': Katalog, Yerevan, «Izd. Yerevanskogo universiteta», 1979, 403 s. (in Russian)
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Breasted 1914- Breasted J., Earliest man the Orient, Greece, and Rome, Outlines of European history, part I, Boston, New York, Chicago, London, “Ginn and Company”, 1914, p. 1-314.
Kelly-Buccellati 2020- Kelly-Buccellati M., The Urkesh Mittani horizon: Ceramic evidence, eds. Cammarosano M., Devecchi E., Viano M, Ancient Near Eastern studies presented to Stefano de Martino on the occasion of his 65th birthday, Zaphon, Münster, “Zaphon Verlag”, 2020, p. 237-256.
Kharobi, Buccellati 2017- Kharobi A., Buccellati G., The dignity of the dead. The case of ancient Urkesh and modern Tell Mozan, Syria (2000-1600 BC), Paléorient, No 43/2, 2017, p. 165-175.
Oates et al. 1997- Oates D., Oates J., McDonald H., Excavations at Tell Brak, vol. 1: The Mitanni and Old Babylonian periods, Cambridge & London, “McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research & British School of Archaeology in Iraq”, 1997, XXI+296 p.
Othman 2018- Othman A., The Distribution of the Nuzi ware in Northern Iraq and Syria, Polytechnic Journal, vol. 8, no. 2, 2018, p. 347-371.
Pfälzner 2017- Pfälzner P., Cultural memory and the invisible dead: The role of ‘old objects’ in burial contexts, eds. Bradbury J., Scarre C., Enüaging with the Dead: exploring changing human beliefes about death, mortality and human body, Oxford-Philadelphia, “Oxbow Books”, 2017, 288 p.
Sagona 2013- Sagona A., Wagons and Carts of the Trans-Caucasus, eds. Tekin O., Sayar M., Konyar E., Tarhan Armağani. Essays in Honour of M. Taner Tarhan, Istanbul, “Ege Yayinlari”, 2013, p. 277-297.
Salvini 2008- Salvini M., Corpus dei testi urartei, vol. I, Roma, “Istituto di studi sulle Civiltà dell’Egeo e del Vicino Oriente”, 2008, 653 p.
Schwartz 2014- Schwartz G., Reflections of the Mittani Emergence, eds. Cancik-Kirschbaum E., Brisch N., Eidem J., Constituent, Confederate, and Conquered Space: The Emergence of the Mittani State, Berlin & Boston, “Walter de Gruyter GmbH”, 2014, p. 265–277.
Speiser 1933- Speiser E., The pottery of Tell Billa: A preliminary account, The Museum Journal, vol. XXIII, no. 3, 1933, p. 249-308.
Starr 1937- Starr R., Nuzi: Report on the excavations at Yorgan Tepa near Kirkuk, Iraq, conducted by Harvard University in conjuction with the American Schools of Oriental Research and University Museum of Philadelphia 1927-1931, vol. II, Cambridge, “Harvard University Press”, 1937, 294 p.
Stein 1984- Stein D., Khabur ware and Nuzi ware: Their origin, relationship, and significance, Assur 4/1: Monographic Journal of the Near East, 1984, p. 1-65.
Stillman, Tallis 1984- Stillman N., Tallis N., Armies of the Ancient Near East 3000 BC to 539 BC, Worthing, “Wargames Research Group”, 1984, 208 p.
Toumanoff 1963- Toumanoff C., Studies in Christian Caucasian History, Washington, “Georgetown University Press”, 1963, 599 p.
von Dassow 2022- von Dassow E., Mittani and Its Empire, eds. Radner K., Moeller N., Potts D., The Oxford History of the Ancient Near East, vol. III, Oxford, “Oxford University Press”, 2022, p. 455-528.
Xnkikyan 2002- Xnkikyan O., Syunikʹ During the Bronze and Iron Ages, Barrington, “Mayreni Publoshing”, 2002, 258 p.
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Articles
Materials Characteristic of the Bronze and Iron Periods, discovered by R. Torosyan from Excavations of Early Agricultural Sites in the Ararat Valley
AbstractArmenian archaeologist Rafik Torosyan is known to the scientific community mainly for his works devoted to the formation and development of the Early Agricultural society in Armenia. In fact, the sphere of his scientific interests was much wider, covering practically all periods available for archeological research. R. Rorosyan’s excavations of Early Agricultural settlements of the Ararat Valley in 1960-1970. allowed to interpret the most ancient culture of the region in a new view, to reveal the peculiarities and characteristic features of the Neolithic - Chalcolithic culture. At the same time, materials from the upper horizons, characteristic of the Bronze and Iron periods (with the exception of materials from burials in the territory of the open biofilter of Echmiadzin) are rarely mentioned in the scientific literature.
Although materials from the Early Bronze Age are scarce, their wide representation suggests a fairly dense settlement of this territory. During this period, the study area was in the sphere of attraction of Mohrablur.
Materials characteristic of the Middle Bronze Age are presented both in burials and settlements. Funerary monuments are characteristic of the entire Middle Bronze Age, while the territory of settlements is re-populated starting from the beginning of the 2-nd millennium BC. and are characterized by painted ceramics.
The development of the territory continues in the Late Bronze and Early Iron periods, when this territory was part of the Metsamor agglomeration.
ReferencesAreshyan 1991 – Areshyan G., Adabluri peghumnery, khmb., Tirats’yan G., HH-um 1989-1990 t’t’. dashtayin hnagitakan ashkhatank’neri ardyunk’nerin nvirvats gitakan nstashrjan, Yerevan, Hayastani GA hrat., 8-11: (in Armenian)
Barkhudaryan 1935 – Barkhudaryan S., Khorhrdayin Hayastani nyut’akan kulturayi hushardzannery, Yerevan, Pethrat, 1935, 94 ej, 67 agh.: (in Armenian)
Yesayan 1972 - Yesayan S., Zangezuri vagh hnagitakan hushardzannery, LHG, 1972, N 4, ej 64-73: (in Armenian)
T’vorosyan 1965 - T’vorosyan RR., T’eghut, oragir N 2 (dzerragir): (in Armenian)
T’vorosyan 1965 a. – T’vorosyan RR., Ejmiatsin, «T’eghut», Tetr-oragir N 3 (dzerragir): (in Armenian)
T’vorosyan 1966 - T’vorosyan RR., Araratyan dashti mnats’vordneri hetk’erov, 1966 t’. (dzerragir): (in Armenian)
T’vorosyan 1973 - T’vorosyan RR., V. Khat’unarkh, 1973 t’. oragir (dzerragir): (in Armenian)
T’vorosyan 1967 – T’vorosyan RR., T’eghuti peghumneri 1967 t’. oragir (dzerragir): (in Armenian)
T’vorosyan 1976-1982 - Rrafik Manuki T’vorosyani oragir (dzerragir): (in Armenian)
T’vorosyan 1976 – T’vorosyan RR., T’eghuti vagh yerkragortsakan bnakateghin, Yerevan, HSSH GA hrat., 1976, 142 ej: (in Armenian)
T’vorosyan yev aylk’ 2002 - T’vorosyan RR., Khnkikyan O., Petrosyan L., Hin Shirakavan, Ye., HH GAA «Gitut’yun» hrat., 2002, 158 ej, 83 agh: (in Armenian)
Khanzadyan 1967 – Khanzadyan E., Haykakan lerrnashkharhi mshakuyt’y m.t’.a. III hazaramyakum, Yerevan, HSSH GA hrat., 1967, 117 ej, 28 agh.: (in Armenian)
Khanzadyan a.t. – Khanzadyan E., Ejmiatsni yerkragitakan t’angarani hin shrjani ts’uts’adrut’yan plan (dzerragir): (in Armenian)
Mesrop vrd. 1907 - Mesrop vrd. (Ter-Movsisean), Ejmiatsin yev Hayots’ hnagoyn yekeghets’inery, prak A, Azgagrakan Handes XV, T’iflis, 1907, 86-127: (in Armenian)
Samuyelyan 1931 – Samuyelyan KH., Hin Hayastani kulturan, h. 1, Yerevan, Pethrat, 1931, 381 ej, 38 agh.: (in Armenian)
Sardaryan 1975 - Sardaryan S., Hin Vagharshapati teghadrut’yuny yst hnagitakan yev matenagrakan tvyalneri, LHG, 1975 N 7, ej 52-69. (in Armenian)
Sardaryan 2004 – Sardaryan S., Hayastany k’aghak’akrt’ut’yan orran, Yerevan, YePH hrat., 2004, 498 ej: (in Armenian)
K’alant’ar 2007 - K’alant’ar A. Hayastany, k’are darits’ mijnadar, Yerevan, HH GAA «Gitut’yun» hrat., 2007: (in Armenian)
Kushanareva, Markovin 1994 – Kushanareva K., Markovin V. (red.), Rannyaya i srednyaya bronza Kavkaza,ser. Arkheologiya, Moskva, “Nauka”, 1994, 382 s. (in Russian)
Martirosyan 1964 – Martirosyan A., Armeniya v epokhu bronzy i rannego zheleza, Yerevan, izd-vo AN Arm.SSR, 1964, 312 s., 29 tab. (in Russian)
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Articles
The Iron Age complex of the Mastara mountain valley in the system of cultural landscape of Karmrashen Saravand
AbstractThe article is dedicated to the Mastara mountain valley, one of the zones forming the cultural landscape of the Karmrashen peninsula, where we have confirmed a number of newly discovered (left out of scientific circulation) monuments, which, according to preliminary observation, form a single complex.
The Karmrashen Peninsula extends in the southwestern parts of the Aragatsotn Marz of the Republic of Armenia and the western parts of the Armavir Marz, at the southwestern foot of the Aragats massive, between the Talin Peninsula and the Akhuryan and Araks rivers. It is rich enough in historical and cultural monuments, because it was included from different sides and was part of Shirak and Aragatsotn provinces on the one hand, bearing the influences of their cultural developments, from the Bronze-Iron Age to the Middle Ages. Based on the above, this zone has always been in the center of attention of researchers. Archaeological expeditions of different years of the Archaeological Research Laboratory of Yerevan State University have a particularly great contribution to the study of the cultural landscape of this peninsula (study: P. Avetisyan, E. Asatryan, H. Ohanyan and others).
Perhaps we are dealing with a center of local significance typical of the Iron Age (9-6th centuries BC), which, together with other similar neighboring examples (Lanjik, Tsakasar, Akunk 1, etc.) formed larger units, which are known from the Bianic inscriptions are under the name Etuinian «countries».
ReferencesHayastani Hanrapetut’yan Fizikaashkharhagrakan obyektneri hamarrot teghekatu-barraran, Yerevan, «Geodeziayi yev k’artezagrut’yan kentron POAK», 2007, ej 68 -150 ej: (in Armenian)
Badalyan R., Avetisyan P., Bronze and Early Iron Age Arhcaeological Sites in Armenia I, Mt. Aragats and its Surrounding Region, BAR international Series 1697, 2007, p. 319.
Davtyan R., Mkrtchyan L., Arnhold S., 2024, Erste archäologische Untersuchungen in Khanjyan (Armenien), Mitteilungen der Deutschen Orient-Gesellschaft 156, 57-72.
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Articles
An attempt to separate cimmerian culture from the cimmerian-scythian cultural community penetrated into the Armenian Highland (On Archaeological Data)
AbstractBecause of the unity of Cimmerian and Scythian cultures, separating Cimmerian culture from the Cimmerian-Scythian cultural community is difficult. Yet, the similarity of these cultures is morphological rather than typological, meaning that these tribal groups share the same economical-cultural type but represent different archaeological cultures. Specifically, Cimmerian culture lacks a constituent of the “Scythian triad” – beast style. Instead, a geometrical ornament, especially, rhombus inscribed into circle is typical for Cimmerian culture. The specificities of Cimmerian and Scythian funereal constructions, funerary sculptures, and funerary rituals (particularly, skeleton positions) are discussed. Differences were observed in weapon sets and horse trappings. So far, the study identified 57 sepulchres belonging to 14 graveyards, 5 “other” graveyards, and 9 settlements that have the needed quantity of characteristics/items typical for Cimmerian culture. An inference could be made that Shirak Plateau was one of the main regions where Cimmerians were settled, where from they could penetrate into the western part of Aragatsotn province. Their trace is also detected in the West of the Armenian Highland – in provinces Bardzr Hayk, Tsopk and Aghdznik. Presumably, a considerable mass of Cimmerian tribes settled next to the Minor Armenia – in Gamirk, where from they moved to the North and West.
ReferencesT’umanyan 2018- T’umanyan G., «Kimera-skyut’akan mshakut’ayin yndhanrut’yun» yezruyt’y, khmb., Avetisyan H., Aragatsi t’ikunk’um. Hnagitakan hetazotut’yunner nvirvats T. Khach’atryani hishatakin, Yerevan, «Gitut’yun» hrat., 2018, ej 214-217: (in Armenian)
T’umanyan 2023- T’umanyan G., Astvatsashnch’i yev patmich’neri teghekut’yunnery Haykakan lerrnashkharhum kimerneri u skyut’neri gtnvelu masin, Lraber hasarakakan gitut’yunneri, N 3, 2023, ej 42–60. (in Armenian)
Khnkikyan 1993- Khnkikyan O., Dambaranneri peghumner Harzhis gyughum, pat. khmb., Tirats’yan G., K’alant’aryan A., Areshyan G., Hnagitakan ashkhatank’nery Hayastani norakarruyts’nerum, I, Yerevan, «Hayastani GA hrat.», 1993, ej 97-102: (in Armenian)
Alekseyev 1992- Alekseyev A., Skifskaya khronika (Skify v VII-IV vv. do n.e.: istoriko-arkheologicheskiy ocherk), Sankt Peterburg, Izd. «Peterburgkomstat», 1992, 206 s. (in Russian)
Val'chak 2016- Val'chak S., Predskifskaya arkheologiya Vostochnoy Yevropy i nekotoryye pamyatniki Zakavkaz'ya, otv. red. Balakhvantsev A., Kullanda S., Kavkaz i step' na rubezhe epokhi pozdney bronzy i rannego zheleza: materialy mezhdunarodnoy nauchnoy konferentsii, possvyashchennoy pamyati M. N. Pogrebovoy, Moskva, «Izd. Instituta vostokovedeniya RAN», 2016, s. 28-41. (in Russian)
Voronov 1980- Voronov YU., O khronologicheskikh svyazyakh kimmeriysko-skifskoy i kolkhidskoy kul'tur, red. Vashchenko L., Skifiya i Kavkaz. Sbornik nauchnykh trudov, Kiyev, Izd. «Naukova dumka», 1980, s. 200-218. (in Russian)
D'yakonov 1956- D'yakonov I., Istoriya Midii, Moskva-Leningrad, «Izd. AN SSSR», 1956, 485 s. (in Russian)
Ivanchik 1990- Ivanchik A., Kimmeriytsy i Urartu nakanune vos'mogo pokhoda Sargona II, Vestnik drevney istorii, № 3, 1990, s. 3-19. (in Russian)
Ivanchik 1996- Ivanchik A., Kimmeriytsy. Drevnevostochnyye tsivilizatsii i stepnyye kochevniki v VIII-VII vv. do n. e., Moskva, Izd. «Nauka», 1996, 324 s. (in Russian)
Il'inskaya, Terenozhkin 1983- Il'inskaya V., Terenozhkin A., Skifiya VII- IV vv. do n.e., Kiyev, Izd. «Naukova dumka», 1983, 380 s. (in Russian)
Kachalova 1993- Kachalova N., Alekseyev A., Arkheologichskiye aspekty kimmeriyskoy problemy, Alekseyev A., Kachalova N., Tokhtas'yev S., Kimmeriytsy: etnokul'turnaya prinadlezhnost', S. Peterburg, «Izd. Informatsionno-issledovatel'skogo instituta «Yermakov»», 1993, s. 51-89. (in Russian)
Kuznetsova 2014- Kuznetsova T., Kimmeriyskiye strely, otv. red. Korobov D., Ye.I. Krupnov i razvitiye arkheologii Severnogo Kavkaza, XXVIII Krupnovskiye chteniya, Materialy mezhdunarodnoy nauchnoy konferentsii, Moskva, «Izd. Instituta arkheologii RAN», 2014, s. 168-169. (in Russian)
Kuftin 1941- Kuftin B., Arkheologicheskiye raskopki v Trialeti, I, Tbilisi, «Izd. AN GrSSR», 1941, 491 s. (in Russian)
Martirosyan 1954- Martirosyan A., Raskopki v Golovino, Yerevan, «Izd. AN ArmSSR», 1954, 116 s. (in Russian)
Martirosyan 1956- Martirosyan A., Raskopki v Kirovakane i nekotoryye pamyatniki ranneurartskogo perioda (IX-VIII vv. do n.e.), Izvestiya obshchestvennykh nauk, N 9, 1956, s. 61-84. (in Russian)
Makhortykh 1994- Makhortykh S., Kimmeriytsy na Severnom Kavkaze, Kiyev, Izd. «Tirazh», 1994, 94 s. (in Russian)
Makhortykh 2008- Makhortykh S., Kul'tura i istoriya kimmeriytsev Severnogo Prichernomor'ya, Dissertatsiya na soiskaniye uchenoy stepeni doktora istoricheskikh nauk, Kiyev, «Institut arkheologii NANU», 583 s. (in Russian)
Makhortykh, Kotova 2021- Makhortykh S., Kotova N., «Kimmero-skifskiye» drevnosti iz Tsentral'noy Anatolii, Vostok, N 6, 2021, s. 54-77. (in Russian)
Medvedskaya 1992- Medvedskaya I., Periodizatsiya skifskoy arkhaiki i Drevniy Vostok, Rossiyskaya arkheologiya, N 3, 1992, s. 86-107. (in Russian)
Medvedskaya 1994- Medvedskaya I., Zaklyucheniye po diskussii, Rossiyskaya arkheologiya, N 1, 1994, s. 123-133. (in Russian)
Melyukova, Moshkova 1989- Melyukova A., Moshkova M., Vvedeniye, otv. red. Melyukova A., Arkheologiya SSSR. Stepi yevropeyskoy chasti SSSR v skifo-sarmatskoye vremya, Moskva, Izd. «Nauka», 1989, s. 5-8. (in Russian)
Ol'khovskiy 2005- Ol'khovskiy V., Monumental'naya skul'ptura naseleniya zapadnoy chasti yevraziyskikh stepey epokhi rannego zheleza, Moskva, Izd. «Nauka», 2005, 299 s. (in Russian)
Ryabkova 2014- Ryabkova T., Kurgan 524 u s. Zhabotin v sisteme pamyatnikov perioda skifskoy arkhaiki, Rossiyskiy arkheologicheskiy yezhegodnik, N 4, 2014, s. 372-432. (in Russian)
Tairov 2002- Tairov A., «Kimmeriyskiye» kinzhaly iz Yuzhnogo Zaural'ya, Nizhnevolzhskiy arkheologicheskiy vestnik, vyp. 5, 2002, s. 194-200. (in Russian)
Terenozhkin 1976- Terenozhkin A., Kimmeriytsy, Kiyev, «Naukova dumka», 1976, 224 s. (in Russian)
Trubachev 1976- Trubachev O., O sindakh i ikh yazyke, Voprosy yazykoznaniya, N 4, 1976, s. 39-63. (in Russian)
Khachatryan 1975- Khachatryan T., Drevnyaya kul'tura Shiraka (III-I tys. do n. e.), Yerevan, «Izd. Yerevanskogo universiteta», 1975, 278 s. (in Russian)
Khusseyn 2019- Khusseyn O., Kimmeriyskaya problema v rossiyskoy i urainskoy arkheologicheskoy nauke i puti yeyo resheniya, Avtoreferat dissertatsi na soiskaniye uchenoy stepeni kandidata istoricheskikh nauk, Voronezh, «Izd. Voronezhskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta», 2019, 24 s. (in Russian)
Erlikh i dr. 2009- Erlikh V., Val'chak S., Maslov V., Protomeotskiye pogrebeniya iz kurgana 2 mogil'nika Uashkhitu I, otv. red. Bessonova S., Epokha rannego zheleza, Sbornik nauchnykh trudov k 60-letiyu S. A. Skorogo, Kiyev-Poltava, «Izd. Instituta arkheologii NAN Ukrainy», 2009, s. 394-417. (in Russian)
Devedjyan 2009- Devedjyan S., Stone Stelae in the Burial Ground of Lori Berd, Aramazd: AJNES, vol. IV/2, Yerevan, p. 146-153.
Ivantchik 2001- Ivantchik A., Kimmerier und Skythen, Moskau, „Philipp von Zabern“, 2001, 324 s.
Kristensen 1988- Kristensen A., Who were the Cimmerians, and where did they come from? Copenhagen, Pub. “Munksgaard”, 1988, 141 p.
Mehnert 2008- Mehnert G., Skythika in Transkaukasien. Reiternomadische Sachkultur im archäologischen Fundkontext, Wiesbaden, „Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag“, 2008, 205 s.
Sulimirski 1954- Sulimirski T., Scythian Antiquities in Western Asia, Artibus Asiae, Vol. 17, No. 3/4, 1954, p. 282-318.
Ünal 1982- Ünal V., Zwei Gräber Eurasischer Reiternomaden im Nördlichen Zentralanatolien, Beiträge der Allgemeinen und Vergleichenden Archäologie, N 4, München, 1982, s. 65-81.
Xnkikyan 2002- Xnkikyan O., Syunik՛ During the Bronze and Iron Ages, Barrington, “Mayreni Publishing”, 2002, 258 p.
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Articles
Mapping of Terraced Gardens through Geographic Information System (The Case Study of Armenian Culture)
AbstractThe article presents the spatial characteristics and distribution of terrace gardens in the Armenian Highlands and surrounding areas using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The application of it method allows not only for the mapping of terrace gardens but also for uncovering their zonal distribution based on sea level and landscape features through spatial analyses.
One of the traditional methods of land development and use is the formation of agricultural terrace systems, which is characteristic of many Armenian settlements. The creation of terrace systems helped protect sloping cultivated lands from soil erosion. In this regard, the geographical environment becomes the primary factor responsible for the creation of terraces.
The article also addresses the principles, methods, and challenges of terracing, emphasizing the interconnection between terrace gardens and the landscape.
ReferencesA-Do 1912-A-Do, Vani, Bit’lisi yev Erzrumi vilayet’nery, Yerevan, tp. «Kultura», 1912, 408 ej: (in Armenian)
Aharonean, Patkanean 1960-Aharonean A., Patkanean N., Zeyt’uni patmagirk’, Puenos Ayres, tp․ Ararat, 1960, 1052 ej: (in Armenian)
Ayvazyan 2006-Ayvazyan A., Ginevet Goght’n: Patmaazgagrakan aknark, lusankarch’akan patkeragirk’, Yerevan, Hegh. hrat., 2006, 255 ej: (in Armenian)
Arslanean 1955-Arslanean B․, Baberd yev ir shrjannery, P’ariz, tp․ Arak’s, 1955, 308 ej. (in Armenian)
Bakhtikean 1934-Bakhtikean S., Arabkir yev shrjakayi giwghery, Peyrut’, «Vahagn», 1934, 156 ej: (in Armenian)
Galustean 1934-Galustean G., Marash kam Germanik yev heros Zeyt’un, Niw Yeork’, «Koch’nak», 1934, 944 ej: (in Armenian)
Garakeozean, Grigorean 1936-Garakeozean S․, Grigorean A․, Yishatakaran Everek-Fenesei, P’ariz, Everek-Fenesei Mesropean-Rrubinean hayrenakts’akan miut’ean kedronakan varch’ut’ean hrat․, 1936, 966 ej. (in Armenian)
Georgean 1970-Georgean G., Ch’nk’ushapatum, Yerusaghem, tp. S. Yakobeants’, 1970, 625 ej: (in Armenian)
Ep’rikean 1902-Ep’rikean H., Patkerazard bnashkharhik barraran, h. 1, Venetik, tp․ Sb. Ghazar, 1902, 806 ej: (in Armenian)
Khrayean 1927-Khrayean K., Tsovk’-Keolchiwk, Marseyl, tp. Arara, 1927, 303 ej: (in Armenian)
TSeron 1938-TSeron M., Barjanch giwgh: Hamaynapatum (1600-1937), Poston, tp․ Payk’ar, 1938, 280 ej: (in Armenian)
Ch’ilingaryan, Sisyan 2007-Ch’ilingaryan RR., Sisyan B., Getashen, Yerevan, «Gasprint», 2007, 696 ej: (in Armenian)
Ch’volak’ean 1995-Ch’volak’ean Y., K’esap, h․ A., Halep, Hamazgayini Suriay varch’ut’ean hrat., 1995, 570 ej: (in Armenian)
Parsamean, K’ech’ean 1952-Parsamean M., K’ech’ean A., Akn yev aknts’ik’, P’ariz, Amerikayi Aknay hayrenakts’akan miut’yan hrat., 1952, 1045 ej: (in Armenian)
Petoyan 2016-Petoyan V., Sasun, Yerevan, «Nakhabem», 2016, 744 ej: (in Armenian)
Poghosean 1942-Poghosean Y., Hachyni yndhanur patmut’iwny yev shrjakay Gozan-taghi hay giwghery, Los Anchelys, Hachyni hayrenakts’akan verashinats’ miut’ean kedronakan varch’ut’ean hrat., 1942, 857 ej: (in Armenian)
Simonean 1966-Simonean G., Yushamatean Pontakan Amasioy, Venetik, Arrants’ hrat․, 1966, 1038 ej: (in Armenian)
Srapean 1960- Srapean L., K’ghi. teghagrakan yev azgagrakan, Ant’ilias, tp. Kat’voghikosut’ean Hayots’ Metsi Tann Kilikioy, 1960, 72 ej: (in Armenian)
Teovlet’ea 1954-Teovlet’ean, S. KH., Yusher Shapin Garahisaren, P’ariz, tp. Le Soleil, 1954, 231 ej: (in Armenian)
P’volatean 1969-P’volatean A., Patmut’iwn hayots’ Arabkiri, Niw Yeork’, Amerikayi Arabkiri miut’ean hrat., 1969, 1020 ej: (in Armenian)
K’alant’ar 1895-K’alant’ar A․, Sasun. Ashkharhagrakan k’artezov, T’iflis, tp․, Yovhannes Martiroseants’i, 1895, 71 ej. (in Armenian)
K’eleshean 1949-K’eleshean M., Sis-Matean: Patmakan, banasirakan, teghekagrakan, azgagrakan, yev yarakits’ paraganer, Peyrut’, «Hay chemaran», 1949, 770 ej: (in Armenian)
Avakyan 1989-Avakyan G. Ye., Lyudi i gory, Moskva, «Mysl'», 1989, 230 s. (in Russian)
Geyevskiy 1879-Geyevskiy V., Ocherk sadovodstva v Akhaltsikhskom uyezde, Sbornik Kavkazskogo obshchestvo sel'skogo khozyaystva, 1879, N 2, s. 1-44. D (in Russian)
evitskiy 1897-Devitskiy V., Sadovodstvo v gorode Erivani, Sbornik materialov dlya opisaniya mestnostey i plemen Kavkaza, t. 22, Tiflis, 1897, s. 55-118. (in Russian)
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KHëyzinga 2010-KHëyzinga Y., Teni zavtrashnego dnya. Chelovek i kul'tura. Zatemnennyy mir, SPb, izd. Ivana Limbakha, 2010, 456 s. (in Russian)
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Ferrarese, Pappalardo 2019-Ferrarese F., Pappalardo S. et al., Maping Agricultural Terraces in Italy. Methologies Applied in the MAPTER Project, World Terraced Landscapes: History, Environment, Quality of Life, Cham, 2019, pp. 179-194.
Kroeber 1939-Kroeber A., Cultural and Natural Areas of Native North America, Berkeley, Cambridge University Press, 1939, 242 p.
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Articles
Traditional Skills in Chechil Cheese-Making and Preservation Among Armenians
AbstractChechil (string, braided) cheese was (is) popular in not all Armenian regions. Chechil is made mainly from fatless cow’s milk. However, according to the prestige enjoyed by the people, chechil made from sheep’s milk came first, cow’s milk came second and buffalo’s milk came third. Even in different villages of the same region this type of cheese is known by different names and nuances of preparation. Chechil is obtained from sour milk. To become sour quickly, some housewives add salt, vinegar, etc. Sometimes the milk curdles on its own without ferment. Some housewives get chechil by processing the curd mass by skillful movements of fingers, others-with chopsticks. For long-term use chechil is stored either in a barrel full of brine, or horats/kokhats (pressed, buried) often with the addition of spices and other types of dairy products. The ability to make chechil is still a reason for women to boast. In the past, a braid like white hair was made from chechil and sent to the bride as a gift on holidays, so that the bride’s hair would be long and she would be with her husband until they turned white.
ReferencesBazeyan, Aghanyan 2022- Bazeyan K., Aghanyan G. Shiraki panragortsakan mshakuyt’y, HH GAA SHHH kentroni «Gitakan ashkhatut’yunner», N 1(25), Gyumri, 2022, ej 5-15: (in Armenian)
Gaspar 1892- Gaspar Y., Giwghatntesut’iwny hay gyugherum. Kat’natntesut’ean masin: Nor-Dar, T’iflis, 06.05.1892, ej 1- 2: (in Armenian)
Lalayan 1983- Lalayan Ye., Yerker, h. I, Yerevan, HSSH GA hrat., 1983, 457 ej: (in Armenian)
Hayots’ lezvi barbarrayin barraran, 2004- Hayots’ lezvi barbarrayin barraran, h. 3, HH gitut’yunneri azgayin akademia: H. Acharryani anvan lezvi institut, 2004, 426 ej: (in Armenian)
Hayots’ lezvi barbarrayin barraran, 2007- Hayots’ lezvi barbarrayin barraran, h. 4, HH gitut’yunneri azgayin akademia: H. Acharryani anvan lezvi institut, 2007, 452 ej: (in Armenian)
Hayots’ lezvi barbarrayin barraran 2010-Hayots’ lezvi barbarrayin barraran, h. 6, HH gitut’yunneri azgayin akademia: H. Acharryani anvan lezvi institut, 2010, 404 ej: (in Armenian)
K’alant’ar 1898-K’alant’ar A. Kat’nayin ardyiwnk’ner, Azgagrakan handes, gk’. D, T’iflis, 1898, ej 276-292: (in Armenian)
Zelinskiy 1885- Zelinskiy S. Ekonomicheskiy byt gosudarstvennykh krest'yan v Shoragele, Aleksandropol'skago uyezda Erivanskoy gubernii, Materialy dlya izucheniya ekonomicheskogo byta gosudarstvennykh krest'yan Zakavkazskogo kraya, t. 1, Tiflis, tip. A. A. Mikhel'sona, 1885, s. 1-97. (in Russian)
Kalantar 1890-Kalantar A. Sostoyaniye skotovodstva na Kavkaze, Materialy dlya ustroystva kazennykh letnikh i zimnikh pastbishch i dlya izucheniya skotovodstva na Kavkaze, t. II,ch. 2-aya, tip. A. A. Mikhel'sona, 1890, s. 1-72. (in Russian)
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Articles
The Repertoire Policy in The Period of Repressions in Soviet Armenia (1936-1954)
AbstractIn the early period of Soviet Armenia, the relations between politicians and culture were closely related. Without the permission of the Center for Culture Agitation, which was under strict local and Moscow control, the repertoire of any cultural sphere was not compiled.
Poems and songs dedicated to Lenin-Stalin, as well as Beria were considered compulsively in the program, and the communist symbols - hammer and sickle, the star was mainly expressed in dance performances. During the period of the Cult of Personality (1920-1954), the task was to create an international, socialist culture. The standard of evaluation of the artistic work was considered to be "National in form, socialist in content".
Our task to discuss dance culture during the period of Stalinist Repressions, in particular to reflect on the banning of folk dances and the programmatic politics of creating new contemporary dance performances. Culture, particularly dance, took on an ideological tone.
The figures of Stalin, Lenin, Beria have been considered political symbols were included in the dance performances. Before the started the concert as a rule had been performed the international song of the “Nations of the Soviet Union”, then pronounced and were played of poems, songs with political content, which have been dedicated to Stalin, Lenin and Beria.
During that period, Srbuhi Lisitsyan staged agit-performances: “Cominter”, “Struggle against cracks”, “Wounded flag bearer”, “Hammer and sickle”, “German police and communist”, “Viva red China”, as well as “Pioneer” ballet, among the performances of Tatul Altunyan's “Song-dance” ensemble is “Soldier's Dance”, “Dance of Sevan fishermen” and others.
It should be noted that in connection with the establishment of the Soviet Union in 1938 the festival of “literature and Art” was organized in Moscow, in which Armenia also participated. Armenia was represented by Tatul Altunyan's “Song-dance” ensemble, Srbuhi Lisitsyan's “Rhythm and Plastic” Studio, and ‘’Sasun’’ dance group from Ashnak village led by Vahram Aristakesyan. The Sasun’s folk dance presenting in the stage was an extremely bold move during the active period of Stalinist repression, which did not remain without consequences. In the same year, Vahram Aristakesyan was accused of espionage and the great figure of the dance art was arrested.
In the Soviet period, reference to traditional culture was prohibited and negatively assessed, it was impossible to create homeland-diaspora ties, and those who tried to create them were condemned with heavy charges.
ReferencesHH Azgayin arkhiv, T’at’ul Alt’unyani fond, 1938-42 t’t’. kazmakerpvats hamergneri hashvarrvats tetrer, tsrageri dzerragir ts’uts’ak, f. 1323, ts’. 1, G. 3, N 4: (in Armenian)
HH Azgayin arkhiv, T’at’ul Alt’unyani fond, 1938-42 t’t’. kazmakerpvats hamergneri hashvarrvats teghekank’ner, f. 1323, ts’. 1, g.13: (in Armenian)
HH GAA Hnagitut’yan yev Azgagrut’yan institoti arkhiv, Srbuhi Lisits’yani fond, mamuli fond, Večernyj Tiflis, 16 avgust, 1936, N 98: (in Armenian)
HH GAA Hnagitut’yan yev Azgagrut’yan institoti arkhiv, Srbuhi Lisits’yani fond, mamuli fond, Khorhrdayin arvest, organ HSKHH Luszhoghkomati, 1935 t’. hoktemberi 16, N 19 (47), hasarakakan-k’aghak’akan-gegharvestakan patkerazard Yerkshabat’at’ert’, Khmbagrut’yan hasts’en, Groghneri tun, giny 0 kopek, Sovetskoe iskusstvo Organ KPP SSRA: (in Armenian)
Muradyan H., Steghtsagortsakan miut’yunneri dzevavorumy, gortsuneut’yuny, yev p’vokhakerpumnery Hayastani khorhrdayin yev ankakhut’yan shrjanum, Taratsashrjan yev ashkharh, h. XI, N 2, 2020, ej 127-134: (in Armenian)
Stalinyan brrnachnshumnery Hayastanum. Patmut’yun, hishoghut’yun, arrorya, hishoghut’yan azgagrut’yun. 5, H. Kharratyan, G. Shagoyan, H. Marut’yan, L. Abrahamyan, HH GAA Gitut’yun hrat. Yer., 2015, 440 ej: (in Armenian)
Kilich’yan N., Hay zhoghovrdakan bemadrakan pary, HAB, pr. 26, Gitut’yun hrat., Yer., 2009, 91-180 ej: (in Armenian)
Pikich’yan H., Azgayin yerazhshtut’yan zargats’man Khorhrdayin teslakany. Et’noyerazhshtagitakan ditarkumner, Arvestagitakan handes, 2 (8), 2022, 69-92 ej: (in Armenian)
Sirotkina I.- Svobodnyy tanets v Rossii, Novoye literaturnoye obozreniye, M., 2021, 424 s.: (in Russian)
Kenez P., The Birth of the Propaganda State, Soviet Methods of Mass Mobilization 917-1929, Cambridge University Press 1985, 309 p.
Marutyan H., The Memory of Genocide and the Karabagh Movment, ‘Gitutyun’ pub., House of NAS RA Yerevan, 2009, 416:
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Articles
Gorbachev’s Perestroika and the National Question
AbstractThe Soviet Union was a unique state formation where national policy was marked by contradictions: on one hand, it promoted national identity, while on the other, it aimed at assimilation. Soviet ideology treated the national question as secondary, assuming that socialism would erase ethnic distinctions. However, during the Perestroika period, national tensions escalated, contributing to the destabilization of the state. Local conflicts, such as the Fergana and Osh riots, the Georgian-Abkhaz and Nagorno-Karabakh conflicts, and protest movements in the Baltic states and Crimea, highlighted deep-rooted contradictions.
The Soviet Union’s ineffective national policy and Gorbachev’s failure to provide a conceptual solution accelerated the USSR’s collapse, making the national question one of the key factors in its downfall.
ReferencesBeloshapka 2012 - Beloshapka N., Gosudarstvo i kul'tura v SSSR: ot Khrushcheva do Gorbacheva: monografiya, Izhevsk, 2012, 320 s. (in Russian)
Brandenberger 2009 - Brandenberger D., Natsional-bol'shevizm. Stalinskaya massovaya kul'tura i formirovaniye russkogo natsional'nogo samosoznaniya (1931-1956 gg.), SPb., 2009, 416 s. (in Russian)
Brubeyker 2010 - Brubeyker R., Mify i zabluzhdeniya v izuchenii natsionalizma, Mify i zabluzhdeniya v izuchenii imperii i natsionalizma, red-y I. Gerasimov, M. Mogil'ner, Al. Semenov, M., 2010, s. 62-109. (in Russian)
Gindin 1972 - Gindin A., Sovetskiy narod-novaya istoricheskaya obshchnost' lyudey, Fakty i domysly protiv fal'sifikatsii natsional'nykh otnosheniy v Sovetskom Soyuze, red.-y Mitin M., Vartichan I. i dr., Kishinev, 1972, s. 52-60. (in Russian)
Gorbachev 1987 - Gorbachev M., Perestroyka i novoye myshleniye dlya nashey strany i dlya vsego mira, M., 1987, 271 s. (in Russian)
Dzidzoyev 2000 - Dzidzoyev V., Natsional'nyye otnosheniya na Kavkaze, Vladikavkaz, 2000, 239 s. (in Russian)
Konstitutsiya 1985 - Konstitutsiya (Osnovnoy Zakon) Soyuza Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik; Prinyata na vneocherednoy sed'moy sessii Verkhovnogo Soveta SSSR devyatogo sozyva 7 oktyabrya 1977 goda. KONSTITUTSIYA (Osnovnyye Zakony) Soyuznykh Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik , M., 1985, 744 s. (in Russian)
Ryzhkov 2009 - Ryzhkov N., Glavnyy svidetel', M., 2009, 240 s. Suni 2007 - Suni R.G., Imperiya kak ona yest': imperskiy podkhod v istorii Rossii, «natsional'naya» identichnost' i teorii imperii, Natsionalizm v mirovoy istorii, M., 2007, s. 36–82. (in Russian)
Cheshko - Cheshko S., Rol' etnonatsionalizma v raspade SSSR, Skepsis, Nauchno-prosvetitel'skiy zhurnal, https://scepsis.net/library/id_1763.html (in Russian)
Shevyakin 2005 - Shevyakin A., Razgrom sovetskoy derzhavy. Ot «ottepeli» do «perestroyki», M., 2005, 252 s. (in Russian)
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Articles
The Photograph as a Source for the Armenian studies and a Factual Evidence of Documenting History
AbstractSince the invention of photography, specialist from various fields have collaborated with photographers to enhance the depth and clarity of their studies. Each photograph accompanying written texts serves a unique purpose in conveying information. Photographs capturing key moments in Armenian history since the 19th century provide invaluable pictorial evidence, now considered essential sources for Armenian studies and the documentation of historical events.
The examples presented in this article demonstrate that, today, photographs play a crucial role in supporting and enriching scientific research, serving as undeniable factual evidence.
ReferencesT’ajaryan 2023 - Anii hushardzannern yst Karapet Hovhanjanyani lusankarneri (Matenadarani gradarani lusankarch’akan zhoghovatsuneri havak’atsu, Hmr 423 zhoghovatsu), «EJMIATSIN» kronagitakan yev hayagitakan amsagir, 2023, ej 121-135: (in Armenian)
T’ajaryan 2023 - T’ajaryan I․, Lusankarneri yntrani Mashtots’i anvan Matenadarani havak’atsunerits’, Yerevan, Zangak hratarakch’ut’yun, 2023, 184 ej: (in Armenian)
T’ajaryan, Gasparyan 2024 - T’ehrani «Artak Manukyan» t’angaranum pahvogh Ant’uan Sevrugini lusankarnery, Gegharvesti akademiayi Taregirk’ 16, 2024/1, Yerevan, 162-181: (in Armenian)
K’voch’ar 2007 - K’voch’ar V․, Hay lusankarich’ner, heghinakayin hratarakut’yun, Yerevan, 2007, 448 ej. (in Armenian)
Mashtots’yan Matenadaran (MM), gradaran, Hmr 358 albom, 110 lusankar, «Geghark’unik’» albom, ashkhatasirut’yamb, Ye․ Lalayeani yev M․ Yermakovi. (in Armenian)
Mashtots’yan Matenadaran (MM), gradaran, Hmr 359 albom, 110 lusankar, «Vayots’ dzor» albom, ashkhatasirut’yamb, Ye․ Lalayeani yev M․ Yermakovi. (in Armenian)
Mashtots’yan Matenadaran (MM), gradaran, Hmr 423 albom, 22 lusankar, lusankarich’, Karapet Hovhanjanyan. (in Armenian)
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Articles
Intangible Cultural Heritage as an Opportunity for the Development of Armenian Studies
AbstractIn recent decades, the field of intangible cultural heritage (ICH) has become one of the priorities of global cultural policy. Beyond focusing on tangible structures and sites, international cultural policy has begun to emphasize traditions and their bearers, considering them crucial for the future preservation of cultural heritage within modern cultural environments. In 2006, the Republic of Armenia ratified UNESCO's 2003 Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage, thus aligning itself with the international agenda.
Incorporating elements of a country's cultural heritage into various international and national lists of intangible heritage involves more than bureaucratic and state policy processes; it primarily requires substantive and conceptual approaches. In this regard, Armenian studies play a decisive role. This paper explores the opportunities and potential of Armenian studies within the context of dynamic global and local ICH policy developments. Key issues discussed include re-evaluating methodological approaches in research in Armenian studies, the potential for "translating" Armenia’s cultural heritage and representing it in global databases, and the challenges and opportunities of creating a research environment that supports ICH standards.
At the same time, the field of intangible cultural heritage offers methodological potential for Armenian studies, particularly in conducting interdisciplinary research with real policy impact. Realizing this potential could be mutually beneficial for both the advancement of Armenian studies and the preservation of intangible cultural heritage.
ReferencesVoch’ nyut’akan mshakut’ayin zharrangut’yun: Dasakargumn u ch’ap’voroshich’nery: (Teghekatvakan ughets’uyts’) 2009 / Khmb., A. Sargsyan; HH GAA Hnagitut’yan yev azgagrut’yan in-t. HH Mshakuyt’i nakhararut’yun. Yerevan: (in Armenian)
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Date palm, knowledge, skills, traditions and practices - intangible heritage - Culture Sector - UNESCO․
Debarbieux, B., Bortolotto, C., Munz, H., & Raziano, C., 2021- Debarbieux, B., Bortolotto, C., Munz, H., & Raziano, Sharing heritage? Politics and territoriality in UNESCO’s heritage lists. Territory, Politics, Governance, 2021, 1–17.
Hafstein 2015-Hafstein, Intangible Heritage as Diagnosis, Safeguarding as Treatment. Journal of Folklore Research, 2015, 52(2-3), 281.
Han 2022-Han, C., On the Subjects of Intangible Cultural Heritage Practice and Protection. Western Folklore, 2022, 81(2/3), 297–310.
Kirshenblatt-Gimblett, B., 2014-Kirshenblatt-Gimblett, B Intangible Heritage as Metacultural Production†. Museum, 2014, 66: 163-174.
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Traditional Korean wrestling (Ssirum/Ssireum) - intangible heritage - Culture Sector - UNESCO
Varpahovskis, E., 2018-Varpahovskis, E., Intangible cultural heritage: Is it a platform for cooperation or competition between cultural diplomacies? The case of South Korea–Japan–China relations within UNESCO’s ICH framework. SNU Journal of International Affairs, 2018, 3(1).
Criteria for inscription on the lists established by the 2003 convention for the safeguarding of the intangible cultural heritage Paris 5 – 6 December 2005․
Karg voch’ nyut’akan mshakut’ayin arzhek’neri nuynakanats’man, p’astat’ght’avorman, pahpanut’yan yev teghekatvut’yan p’vokhanakman, Havelvats N 1 HH karravarut’yan 2010 t’vakani septemberi 3-i N 1173 - N voroshman. (in Armenian)
Hayagitut’yan zargats’man hayets’akargin, hayagitut’yan volorti zargats’man 2012-2025 t’vakanneri rrazmavarut’yany yev dra irakanats’man mijots’arrumneri zhamanakats’uyts’in havanut’yun talu masin, Hayastani Hanrapetut’yan karravarut’yan nisti ardzanagrut’yunits’ k’aghvatsk’, 12 hunvari 2012 t’vakani N 1 ardzanagrayin voroshum. (in Armenian)
Hayastani Hanrapetut’yan voch’ nyut’akan mshakut’ayin arzhek’neri ts’ankeri kazmman ch’ap’voroshich’nery yev voch’ nyut’akan mshakut’ayin zharrangut’yan arzhek’neri ts’anky hastatelu masin karravarut’yan № 310-A voroshum, 2010 marti 1. (in Armenian)
HH mshakut’ayin taratsk’neri chanach’man ch’ap’voroshich’nery yev mshakut’ayin taratsk’neri ts’anky hastatelu masin HH karravarut’yan voroshum, 2012. (in Armenian)
HH orenk’y voch’ nyut’akan mshakut’ayin zharrangut’yan masin, hoktember 7, 2009t’ HO-187-N. (in Armenian)
HH` anhapagh pashtpanut’yan karik’ unets’vogh voch’ nyut’akan mshakut’ayin zharrangut’yan ts’ankeri grants’man u kazmman ch’ap’voroshich’nery yev drants’ himan vra kazmvats voch’ nyut’akan mshakut’ayin zharrangut’yan arzhek’neri ts’anky hastatelu masin HH karravarut’yan voroshum, 2011. (in Armenian)
Voch’ nyut’akan mshakut’ayin arzhek’neri nuynakanats’man, p’astat’ght’avorman, pahpanut’yan yev teghekatvut’yan p’vokhanakman kargy u voch’ nyut’akan mshakut’ayin arzhek’i vkayagri dzevy hastatelu masin Karravarut’yan N1173-N voroshum, 2010 septemberi 3. (in Armenian)
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Articles
From Ethnography to Cultural Anthropology: on the Issue of the Boundaries of Social Sciences in Armenia
AbstractThis article explores the ongoing disciplinary transition from ethnography to anthropology in post-Soviet Armenia—a process marked by considerable inconsistency and debate. The challenge of naming the discipline that studies the cultural characteristics of various groups emerged even during its initial development. Armenian intellectuals of the late 19th century participated in these discussions, often aligning with terminology and frameworks adopted in European academic traditions. However, the Soviet era imposed the term “ethnography” on the discipline in Armenia, a designation that has persisted into the post-Soviet period. This continuity has led to significant challenges both domestically and internationally.
In global social sciences, “ethnography” is widely understood as a research method—primarily fieldwork—rather than a standalone discipline. Meanwhile, the discipline with similar content is better known as socio-cultural anthropology. This discrepancy complicates the external representation of Armenian academia and its institutional structure. Domestically, the term adds confusion, as it is often equated with the mission of preserving traditional culture, overshadowing its broader theoretical and methodological scope.
The article aims to stimulate a critical discussion on the urgent need to reform and modernize the Armenian system of social sciences, including updating terminologies to align with international standards and accurately reflect the evolving content of the field.
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Kanonadrut’iwn 1906 – Kanonadrut’iwn hayots’ azgagrakan ynkerut’ean, Azgagrakan Handes, Girk’ , T’iflis, 1906, ej 186-195 (in Armenian)
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Shagoyan, 2024 – Shagoyan G., Inch’pes yen kapvum yarkhushtan, «Sasna tsrrer»-n u hazarasheny. azgayin patumi dzevavorumy khorhrdayin ardiakanats’man nakhagtsum, Ashnak gyughi orinakov», khmb. T. Dalalyan, «Pari tsisakan yev banahyusakan yent’atek’sty» gitazhoghov, nvirvats Gagik Ginosyani hishatakin, 27-29 septemberi, Yerevan, HAI hrat., 2024, ej 70-74 (in Armenian)
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Articles
Formation, activities and current situation of the Udi community in the Republic of Armenia
AbstractSome of the Udis refugees from Azerbaijan 1988-1990 settled in Armenia, mainly in the Tavush region in Noyemberyan, Debetavan, Haghtanak, Ptghavan, Bagratashen, Hakhtanak and other settlements. The Udis also settled in the city of Yerevan, in the Gegharkunik, Kotayk regions, etc. The number of ethnic Udis in different regions of the Republic of Armenia can range from about 200-500 to 1000-1500 people. There are many crypto-Udis in Armenia, which makes it difficult to determine their exact number. In 2018, an initiative group of the Udis of Armenia created the Udi public organization «Revival of the Udi People of Historical Albania». The main goals and objectives of the Udi community of the Republic of Armenia are as follows: 1) Study and popularization of the Udi language; 2) study of Udi history, 3) culture; 4) preserving the rituals, customs and traditions of the Udins in Armenia. During its existence in 2018-2024, the organization has already held a number of cultural and educational events. In the near future, the community is planning a number of other events. The Albanian-Udi community of Armenia closely cooperates with Armenian Caucasian scholars in order to develop and strengthen the centuries-old fraternal relations between the Udi and Armenian peoples.
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Akopyan 2013- Akopyan A., K postanovke voprosa ob etnokonsolidatsii naseleniya Kavkazskoy Albanii v period oslableniya Arabskogo Khalifata, «Caucasica», Vyp. II, Moskva, 2013, c. 21–39. (in Russian)
Ayvazyan 2023- Ayvazyan G. Udiny: Istoriko-etnograficheskiy ocherk, Yerevan.: Izdatel'stvo «IAE», 2023, 296 s. (in Russian)
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Kharatyan 2019- Kharatyan G. Udiny v vostochno-khristianskom mire: dinamika lokalizatsii, identifikatsii, samoidentifikatsii udin-khristian: Aktual'nyye voprosy izucheniya khristianskogo naslediya Vostoka: sbornik statey po materialam mezhdunarodnoy konferentsii, Sergiyev Posad, 15 noyabrya 2017 g.). – Sergiyev Posad: Izdatel'stvo Moskovskoy dukhovnoy akademii, 2019, s.149-200. (in Russian)
Kharatyan 2019- Kharatyan G. Kavkazsko-albanskiy faktor v protsesse formirovaniya azerbaydzhanskoy etnicheskoy identichnosti, Narody Kavkaza v tsivilizatsionnom prostranstve Rossii: materialy VI mezhdunarodnogo foruma istorikov-kavkazovedov, Rostov –na-Donu, Yuzhnyy nauchnyy tsentr RAN, 2019, s. 503-509. (in Russian)
Maysak-2010- Maysak T. A., K Publikatsii Kavkazsko-Albanskikh palimpsestov iz Sinayskogo monastyrya, VYA, № 6, 2010, s. 88–93. (in Russian)
Gippert, Schulze, Aleksidze, Mahé-2008- Edited by J. Gippert, W. Schulze, Z. Aleksidze, J.-P. Mahé, The Caucasian Albanian Palimpsests of Mount Sinai, Vol. I–II, Turnhout, «Brepols Publishers», 2008, 530p.
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Articles
Tonir in the Armenian oral culture
AbstractThe tonir (hearth) in Armenian culture is deeply linked to the worship of fire and ancestors, leaving its mark on folklore, beliefs, festivals, and customs. It was not merely a household object but also held a multifunctional, sacred role, serving the religious needs of the family and community. In some villages, certain tonirs even acquired the significance of sacred places. The functions of the tonir ranged from baking bread to performing wedding and baptism rituals, healing to protection from evil, divination to transformation, wishes and vows, and as a pilgrimage site. The Armenians regarded it as the sanctified place of the home, based on the belief that the spirits of family ancestors lived within the tonir’s flame or at its edge. In villages without churches, the tonir even “substituted” for a Christian temple, where baptisms and weddings took place.
In Armenian oral culture, legends, tales, and riddles have developed around the tonir, and it has been mentioned in traditional wedding songs as well. In almost every region of the Armenian Highlands, people swore “by the sacred tonir”—a trusted oath that encouraged others to believe in the truthfulness of the swearer’s words.
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