Vol. 18 No. 1 (25) (2022)

DOI: https://doi.org/10.46991/AFA/2022.18.1
Published: 2022-05-31

Front Matter

Linguistics

  • Linguistics

    The MANIPULATIVE NATURE OF MEDIA-POLITICAL DISCOURSE

    Seda Gasparyan, Rafayel Harutyunyan
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    Abstract

    At the present moment, media saturation provides us with a reasonably objective criterion available for examination.  In a loose sense, the Internet has become a parallel reality where people live to pursue constantly updated news at the repeated click of a button, which maintains the reader's immediate interest in every sense of the word.  In perusing news articles, placing a particular emphasis on their manipulative nature, we can plunge deeply into such language layers as that of the lexical, grammatical, stylistic, etc.  In this paper we place our central interest on the lexical aspect of language manipulation because words are the foundation of meaning in speech.  A functional-communicative view of the lexical material of the discourse of news articles reveals the effect of a journalist's choice and arrangement of words on the reported news and how the manipulative potential of language unfolds.

    References

    How to write a lead. (2021) Purdue University Online Writing Lab. Retrieved February 5, 2022.

    News writing fundamentals. (2014). George Mason University Writing Center. Retrieved February 2, 2022.

    Pajunen, J. (2008). Linguistic analysis of newspaper discourse in theory and practice, (Graduation Thesis, University of Tampere, Finland) Retrieved February 10, 2022.

    van Dijk, T. (1988 a). News as discourse. Hillsdale, New Jersey: Laurence Erlbaum Associates.

    Sources of Data

    Akyol, M. (2012, April 25). Armenian ethnic cleansing as ‘de-Islamization’. Hürriyet Daily News. Retrieved February 18, 2022.

    Cooper, C. (2019, June 3). Theresa May’s passive-aggressive parting gift for Trump Politico. Retrieved February 10, 2022.

    Global new. (2016, October 20). Presidential debate: Hillary Clinton calls Donald Trump 'a puppet' for Vladimir Putin [Video file]. Retrieved February 10, 2022.

    Miller, J. (2016, December 28). Being deeply superficial: Warhol, Charlie Brown, and the balkanization of politics and the economy. Seeking Alpha. Retrieved February12, 2022.

    Parker N., & Starkey J. (2022, Februrary 15). HIGH ALERT Russia set to invade Ukraine at any time with massive missile blitz and 200,000 troops, US intelligence claims. The Sun. Retrieved February 19, 2022.

    Trump, D. (2021, August 26). Donald Trump speech transcript: Kabul bombing “would not have happened if I were your president”. Rev. Retrieved February 15, 2022.

    Tugendhat, T. (2022, February 15). BAD VLAD Inside the paranoid mind of Vladimir Putin, the trigger-happy KGB bully who acts like an ‘ageing gangster from Sopranos’. The Sun. Retrieved February 17, 2022.

    Dictionaries and Encyclopedias

    Double speak. (n.d.). In Merriam Webster Dictionary. Retrieved February 1, 2022 from https://merriam-webster.com

    Paranoid. (n.d.). In Cambridge Dictionary. Retrieved February 3, 2022 from https://dictionary.cambridge.org

    Puppet. (n.d.). In Oxford Learner’s Dictionary. Retrieved January 30, 2022 from www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/

    Trigger-happy. (n.d.). In Merriam Webster Dictionary. Retrieved February 1, 2022 from https://merriam-webster.com

  • Linguistics

    REALIZATION OF IMPLICIT WARNING IN POLITICAL INTERVIEW

    Shushanik Paronyan
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    Abstract

    The topic of the present article concerns the ways of expressing the speaker's communicative intent and highlighting the perlocutionary effect of the discursive move in political discourse. The aim of the research is to study the ways of making an impact on the audience in the communicative context of mass media communication. For the purpose of analysis the transcript of a political interview published on the website of the news program Democracy Now is taken. The language material is analysed with the application of contextual-semantic and pragmatic methods of analysis. The study of the dialogic moves of the partners in the question-answer sequences provides ample grounds to suggest that the conversational unit under analysis can be interpreted as a case of macro-warning which creates the perlocutionary effect of alarming. Furthermore, both participants contribute to creating the integrative communicative intent of the interview.

     

    References

    Bach, K., & Harnish, R.M., (1979). Linguistic communication and speech acts. Cambridge: M.I.T Press.

    Bakhtin, M. M. (1986). Speech genres and other late essays. (McGee W. Vern, Trans.) Austin: University of Texas Press.

    Fairclough, N. (1996). Language and power. New York: Longman Inc.

    Gasparyan, S., Paronyan, Sh., & Muradian G. (2019). The use and abuse of language in the legal domain. Montreal: Arod Books.

    Grice, H.P. (1975). Logic and conversation. In P. Cole, & J. Morgan (Eds.) Syntax and semantics.Vol. 3. (pp. 41-58). New York: Academic Press.

    Ilchenko, S.N. (2002). Intervju v zhurnalistskom tvorchestve [Interviews in Journalism]. Saint-Petersburg: Saint-Petersburg University.

    Kovtunenko, I.V., Bylkova, S.V., & Borisenko, V.A. (2018). Interview as a genre of new media communication: Rhetorical relations and pragmatic effects. Linguae, 11(2), 95-105. doi: 10.18355/XL.2018.11.02.08

    Kvale, S., & Brinkmann, S. (2009). InterViews: learning the craft of qualitative research interviewing. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

    Levinson, S.C. (1983). Pragmatics. Cambridge: CUP.

    Madoyan, A. (2013). Asuiti perlokutiv imasti enkalman ev meknabanutian hartseri shurj. [On the problem of perceiving and interpreting the perlocutionary effect of the speech act]. Kantegh 2(5), 87-93.

    O’Keefe, D.J. (2002). Persuasion: theory and research. (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

    O'Keeffe, A. (2006). Investigating media discourse. London and New York: Routledge.

    Paronyan, Sh. (2012). Pragmatics. Yerevan: YSU Press.

    Paronyan, Sh., & Bekaryan, L. (2001). The actualization of prescriptions in directive communicative situations. Kantegh, 5, 106-116.

    Paronyan, Sh., & Ghaltakhchyan S. (2013). Hamozman gortsaruiti iragorcume artsants elektronayin khntragri vernagrum. [Realization of the function of persuasion in the headlines of online petitions]. Otar lezunere bartsraguin dprotsum. 14, 163-175.

    Paronyan, Sh. (2020). The use of manipulative tactics in hate speech. Armenian Folia Anglistika, 2 (22), 143-161. https://doi.org/10.46991/AFA/2020.16.2.143

    Searle, J. R. (1969). Speech acts. London: Cambridge University Press.

    Simon D., Grimes M., & Roche Sh. (2018). Communication for business professionals. Ontario: eCampusOntario. Retrieved September 23, 2021.

    Verderber, R. F. (1988). Speech for effective communication. USA: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.

    Verschueren, J.(1999). Understanding pragmatics. London, New York: Arnold.

    Witosh, B. (2005). Linguistic study of genres. Problematic aspects. Katowice: University of Silesia.

    Sources of Data

    Conflagration. (n.d.). In Merriam Webster Dictionary. Retrieved May 20, 2021.

    Goodman, A. (2020, October 9). Armenia-Azerbaijan conflict: why Turkey’s intervention could turn it into a “Proxy War”. Democracy Now. Retrieved March 23, 2022.

  • Linguistics

    AWARD ACCEPTANCE SPEECHES: LINGUOSTYLISTIC FEATURES

    Kristine Harutyunyan
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    Abstract

    The present paper investigates linguostylistic features peculiar to celebrities’ award receiving speeches - a public  discourse variety of modern English which is popular not only for its social importance but also  for its linguistic and stylistic significance. The results of the analyses carried out on the basis of linguostylistic and case study methodology show that emotional colouring and expressiveness are the most typical characteristics of award acceptance speeches. The impact on the listener or reader is achieved through the usage of different literary-stylistic devices. The award receiving speeches also make a strong emotional impact on the listener during celebrations and through them, while the length (conciseness or wordiness) does not minimize the strong influence on the audience.

    References

    Akhmanova, O. (1972). Linguostylistics: theory and method. Moscow: Moscow State University.

    Bloomfield, M. (1963). A grammatical approach to personification. Allegory. Modern Philology, Cambridge.

    Galperin, I. (1977). Stylistics. Moscow: Higher School.

    Kovecses, Z. (2002). Metaphor: a practical introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Salkie, R. (1995). Text and discourse analysis. London: Routledge.

    Simpson, P. (2004). Stylistics. London: Routledge.

    Smyth, H. W. (1920). Greek grammar. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Vandries, Zh. (1937). Jazyk. Lingvisticheskoe vvedenie v istoriju [Language. Linguistic introduction to history]. Moscow: State socio-economic publishing house.

    Sources of Data

    ABC. (2019, November 25). Billie Eilish wins new artist of the year at the 2019 AMAs - The American Music Awards [Video file]. Retrieved April 2, 2021.

    American Institute of Sluttering. [2015, June 8]. Ed Sheeran speaks at the 2015 American Institute for Sluttering gala [Video file]. Retrieved April 12, 2021.

    BAFTA. (2020, February 3). Taika Waititi’s hilarious acceptance speech for JojoRabbit’s [Video file]. Retrieved June 17, 2021.

    Dailymotion. (2016). Selena Gomez wins “Favorite female artist”- Pop/Rock [Video file]. Retrieved May 17, 2021.

    ET Canada. (2020, February 10). Elton John talks “Rocketman” Oscar win for best original song [Video file]. Retrieved April 5, 2021.

    MariiVicky. (2017). Meryl Streep powerful speech at the Golden Globes [Video file]. Retrieved May 19, 2021.

    Music. (2016, February 16). Taylor Swift acceptance speech – Best Album/GRAMMYs [Video files]. Retrieved May 18, 2021.

    Oscars. (2019, March 26). Olivia Colman wins Best Actress [Video file]. Retrieved April 17, 2021.

    Oscars. (2020a, March 11). Renee Zellweger wins Best Actress [Video file]. Retrieved June 17, 2021.

    Oscars. (2020b, March 11). Joaquin Phoenix wins Best Actor [Video file].

    Retrieved May 19, 2021.

    Recording Academy/GRAMMYs. (2019a, February 11). Lady Gaga wins Best Pop Duo or Group Performance [Video file]. Retrieved May 23, 2021.

    Recording Academy/GRAMMYs. (2019b, February 11). Dua Lipa wins best New Artist / 2019 GRAMMYs Acceptance Speech [Video file]. Retrieved May 23, 2021.

    Recording Academy/GRAMMYs. (2020, January 27). Billie Eilish wins song of the year / 2020 GRAMMYs [Video file]. Retrieved March 16, 2021.

    Swain Hwang. (2020, February 11 ) [Oscar 2020: Best Picture] Miky Lee brings up the mike again [Video file]. Retrieved March 28, 2021.

  • Linguistics

    SPACE AND TIME TRANSFERENCE OF MAIN CHARACTERS IN BRITISH AND ARMENIAN FAIRY TALES

    Yelena Mkhitaryan, Lusine Madatyan
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    Abstract

    The paper presents a comparative study of space and time transference of main characters in British and Armenian fairy tales, with pointing out convergent and divergent features of expressing these notions in a folkloristic text. The analysis shows that similarities prevail over differences.  In both British and Armenian fairy tales spatial transference takes priority over the temporal one, when the main characters’ adventures or heroic deeds are presented; temporal transference is more common when evil deeds are described, especially the ones that happen at night. Besides, tragic and evil events are likely to take place more in enclosed areas than in open places.  The numbers three and seven occurring in British and Armenian fairy tales have the same symbolic meanings. The differences concern the numerical indication of time points usually observed in British fairy tales and the presentation of the narrative space, which is somewhat different in view of the diverse country landscape of England and Armenia. While the opening formulas are almost identical, the closing formulas in Armenian tales reveal some differences, ending with a reward for the listener and teller of the fairy tale as well as with blessings and behests directed to the listener.

    References

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    Balayan, V. (2010). Opening formulas in Armenian and British folktales. Voske Divan, 2, 85-90.

    Briggs, K. (1967). The fairies in English tradition and literature. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Buvala, K. (2017). Two plus one is greater than three: the presence of the number 3 in fairytales and folklore. Retrieved December 20, 2021.

    Harutyunyan, H. (2014). The epistemological and axiological parameters of the concept number and the early stage of its genesis. Wisdom, 2 (1), 74-78.

    Hoffmann, G. (2005). The space-time continuum. From Modernism to Postmodernism, 269-422. Retrieved December 10, 2021.

    Jivanyan, A. (2007). The fairy tale as archetext. Yerevan: Zangak.

    Khemchyan, E. (2010). Opening formulas in Lori fairy tales. Voske Divan, 2, 78- 84. (in Armenian)

    Kitching, Th. (2016). Time, and why does it move forward? The Conversation (February 22, 2016) Retrieved December 22, 2021.

    Kujundžić, N. (2020). Narrative space and spatial transference in Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm´s fairy tale. (Doctoral Thesis, University of Zagreb, Croatia). https://doi.org/10.17234/diss.2020.7469

    Lebedeva, K. V. (2020). Osobennosti prostranstvenno-vremennoj organizacii teksta russkoj volshebnoj skazki [Features of the spatial and temporal organization of the text of a Russian fairy tale]. Retrieved November 8, 2021.

    Liabenov, A. (2014). The significance of the numbers three, four, and seven in fairy tale, folklore, and mythology. (Honors Project, Grand Valley State University, US). Retrived December 25, 2021.

    Likhachev, D. (2016). Poetics of early Russian literature. Retrieved January 15, 2022.

    Lüthi, M. (1982). The European folktale: form and nature. John D. Niles, translator, the USA: Indiana University Press.

    Meletinski, E. (1958). The hero of folktale. Retrieved January 20, 2022.

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    Nicolaisen, W. (1980). Space in folk narrative. In N. Burlakoff, & Carl Lindahl (Eds.), Folklore on two continents, Essays in honor of Linda Dégh. Bloomington: Trickster Press.

    Nicolaisen, W. (1988). Sichtweisen der Volkskunde. Zur Geschichte und Forschungspraxis einer Disziplin

    [Once upon a place, or Where is the world of the folktale?]. A. Lehmann, & A. Kuntz (Eds.), Berlin & Hamburg: Bietrich Reimer Verlag.

    Nicolaisen, W. (1991). The past as place: names, stories, and the remembered self. Folklore 102(1), 3–15.

    Propp, V. (2009). Morphology of the folktale. Austin: University of Texas Press. Retrieved January 22, 2022.

    Rahman, R. (2012). Semantico -syntactic features of Oscar Wilde’s fairy tales. (Doctoral dissertation, Pakistan: University of Peshawar,) Retrieved January 25, 2022.

    Space - time. (n.d.). In Encyclopaedia Britannica. Retrieved November 10, 2021.

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    Swann, S. (1995). The fairy tale: the magic mirror of imagination. New York: Twayne Publishers.

    Tenbrink, T. (2007). Space, time, and the use of language: an investigation of relationships. Berlin: Mou-ton de Gruyter.

    Tolkien, J., Flieger V. & Anderson D. (2013). On fairy-stories. London: Harper Collins, 2008.

    Zoran, G. (1984). Towards a theory of space in narrative. Poetics Today, 5 (2), 309-335.

    Sources of Data

    Aghayan, G. (1956). Yntir yerker [Selected works]. Yerevan: Haypethrat. (In Armenian)

    Ashliman, D. L. (1996-2022). Folklore and mythology. Electronic texts. Retrieved November 1, 2021.

    Campbell, J. F. (1890). Popular tales of the West Highlands, vol. I and II Retrieved November 1, 2021.

    Hartland, E. S. (2018). English fairy and other folk tales. Grey eBook. Retrieved November 5, 2021.

    Joseph, J. (1890). English fairy tales. Retrieved November 5, 2021.

    Tumanyan, H. (1904). Yerkeri zhoghovac'u [Collection of works]. Armenian in Context. Yerevan: Hajpethrat. (In Armenian)

    Yeats, W. (1888). Fairy and folk tales of the Irish peasantry. Retrieved November 10, 2021.

  • Linguistics

    RELEASING TERMINOLOGY INHIBITIONS IN MEDICAL ENGLISH UNDER A POSTMODERNIST INFLUENCE

    Alina Petrosyan
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    Abstract

    There is a universally acknowledged truth that the medical lexis is largely composed of Greco-Latin vocabulary. There is also a general assumption that health professionals supposedly possess no other relevant linguistic means but the Greco-Latin terms to communicate clinically specific information. In a postmodernist approach, however, there is an ‘assault’ on this dogmatic view. To the postmodern eye, the truth is pluralistic; diverting opinions are embraced when constructing this truth. And if postmodernist approach welcomes pluralism and open-mindedness in composing this information, then health professionals may well construct the evidence-based information through various linguistic devices, rather than relying exclusively on fixed terminology and concepts of Latin and Greek origin. This means that the evidence-based medical and clinical information may be communicated, inter alia, by such constructs as metaphors and metaphoric expressions.

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Culture Studies

  • Culture Studies

    POSTMODERN INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION: BEYOND NATIONAL AND ETHNIC IDENTITIES

    Claude Chastagner
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    Abstract

    New modes of communication gradually emerged at the end of the 20th century, shifting the focus of attention from national and ethnic criteria to the more complex and multifarious ones suggested by the intercultural paradigm. This shift parallels the global tendency to move away from univocal, modernist perspectives to the more complex, and ambiguous postmodern ones. Downplaying the role of fixed national or ethnic identities in the communication process, and refusing simplifications and generalizations to emphasize instead fluidity and complexity, this new paradigm has had consequences on the lives of sub-groups and minorities, and on the communication process as a whole.

    References

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    Bauman, Z. (2004). Identity. London. Polity Press.

    Bauman, Z. (2006). Liquid times: living in an age of uncertainty. London. Polity Press.

    Chemillier-Gendreau, M. (2013). De la guerre à la communauté universelle. Paris. Fayard.

    Dervin, F. (2011). Impostures interculturelles. Paris. L’Harmattan.

    Hall, E.T. (1959). The silent language. New York. Anchor Books.

    Hall, E.T. (1966). The hidden dimension. New York. Anchor Books.

    Hall, E.T. (1976). Beyond culture. New York. Anchor Books.

    Halpern, C. (2004). Communautarisme, une notion équivoque. Sciences Humaines, 148, 4.

    Hofstede, G. (2003). Culture’s consequences: comparing values, behaviors, institutions and organizations across nations. London: Sage.

    Hofstede, G. (1997). Cultures and organizations: sof the mind. intercultural cooperation and its importance for survival. London: McGraw-Hill.

    Holliday, A., Hyde M., & Kullman J. (Eds.) (2010). Intercultural communication: an advanced resource book. London: Routledge.

    Huntington, S. (1996). The clash of civilizations and the remaking of the world order. New York: Simon and Schuster.

    Kramsch, C. (1993). Context and culture in language teaching. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Laplantine, F. (1999). Je, nous et les autres. Paris: Le Pommier.

    McSweeney, B. (2002). Hofstede’s model of national cultural differences and their consequences: A Triumph Of Faith – A Failure Of Analysis, Human Relations, 55(1), 89-118.

    Nakayama, Thomas K., & Rona Tamiko, H. (Eds). (2010). The handbook of critical intercultural communication. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell.

    Simmel, G. (1908). The Stranger. Georg Simmel: on individuality and social forms. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Sumner, W.G. (2007). Folkways: A study of the sociological importance of usages, manners, customs, mores, and morals [1906]. New York. Cosimo Classics.

    Trompenaars, F., & Woolliams, P. (2004) Business across cultures. Chicago: Capstone Publishers.

    Trotman, J. (2002). Multiculturalism: roots and realities. Bloomington: IN. Indiana University Press.

  • Culture Studies

    THE ROLE OF LANGUAGE AND CULTURE IN THE CONTEXT OF CORONAVIRUS

    Narine Harutyunyan
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    Abstract

    The article is devoted to the analysis of new words and phrases that come to dominate global discourse and have made their way into language as a result of the pandemic. The aim of the study is to determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the formation of a special layer of the «coronavirus» language of the current moment, the appearance of neologisms included in the event context. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that the analysis of the pandemic realities is carried out by taking into account the famous typology of cultural dimensions developed by Geert Hofstede. The article also deals with extralinguistic conditions for creating new lexical units and examines the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on linguistic reality. It also highlights the cultural characteristics of the perception of certain peoples of the new reality, notes the differences in response to changes and prohibitions during the ongoing pandemic. The main research methods are the descriptive method, the comparative method, the analysis of lexical definitions. The sources were articles on Internet sites, WhatsApp, the social network Instagram, Tweeter. Each period of serious breakdown leads to a change in the vocabulary and socio-cultural realities.

     

    References

    Andreeva, I.V., & Balobanova, L.A. (2011). Mezkul'turnaa kommunikacia. Uchebnoe posobie [Intercultural communication. Textbook]. Vladivostok: VGUES.

    Borrelli, Ch. (2020). What’s your least favorite coronavirus cliche? There’s a reason we make up these phrases, linguists say, and why they go viral. Chicago Tribune (2020, May 6). Retrieved December 21, 2020.

    Golds, D. (2020). Coronavirus is changing the dictionary. QUARTZ. (2020, May 1). Retrieved January 11, 2021.

    Hofstede, G., Hofstede, G. J., & Minkov M. (2010). Cultures and оrganizations: software of the mind: intercultural cooperation and its importance for survival. New York: McGraw-Hill.

    McCullough, M. (2020). Coronaspeak has gone viral, and the English language may never be the same. The Philadelphia Inquirer. (2020, October 14). Retrieved January 21, 2021.

    Pocepcov, G. (2020) Kolonizacia emocij, ili "prirucenie" emocij v biznese, politike, razvlekatel'noj kul'ture [Colonizing emotions, or “taming” emotions in business, politics, entertainment culture] REZONANS. (2020, August 17). Retrieved December 23, 2020.

    Rol' kul'tury v global'nom krizise: kak identicnost' i cennosti formiruut povedenie. (2020). ROSCONGRESS, (2021, August 21) Retrieved Septembert 24, 2021.

    Vanner, I. (2020). Chto nemcy govorjat o koronaviruse [What Germans say about coronavirus]. (2020). DW. (2021, May 3). Retrieved September 24, 2021.

    Wicke, Ph., & Bolognesi, M. (2021). Covid-19 discourse on Twitter: How the topics, sentiments, subjectivity, and figurative frames changed over time. Frontiers in Communication. doi: 10.3389/fcomm.2021.651997

    Sources of Data

    Boris Johnson: If we keep going, we will beat coronavirus. (2020). Conservatives. (2020, April 27). Retrieved December 15, 2020.

    #CORONASPEAK – the language of Covid-19 goes viral. (2020). Kings’s College London, News Centre. (2020, April 16). Retrieved November 20, 2020.

    Coronavirus panic buying: Man tasered in toilet paper fight as world reacts to alarm down under. (2020) NZ Herald. (2020, March 2). Retrieved March 25, 2020.

    Kimberly [@kldmills] (2020, 29 February) We are at #Costco [Tweet]. Retrieved March 14, 2021.

    McPhee S., & Bedo S. (2020). Coronavirus panic buying: Man tasered in toilet paper fight as world reacts to alarm down under. NZ Herald (2020, March 5). Retrieved March 25, 2020.

    Prezident Filippin prikazal strelat' po narusitelam karantina [Philippines President ordered to shoot at quarantine violators]. (2020). TASS (2020, April 2). Retrieved December 20, 2020.

    Remarks by President Trump, Vice President Pence, and members of the coronavirus task force in press briefing. (2020). U.S. Embassy in Georgia. (2020, March 26). Retrieved December 12, 2020.

    innovative COVID-19 campaigns (2020, April 21). Al Bawaba. Retrieved November 20, 2020.

Translation Studies

  • Translation Studies

    TRANSLATION AS A MODE OF INTERPRETATION AND MISINTERPRETATION OF LITERARY DISCOURSE

    Gayane Gasparyan
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    Abstract

    The article focuses on the so-called Nadsat, an Argot invented by A. Burgess in his well-known novel A Clockwork Orange. Nadsat identifies the teenagers’ speech that causes plenty of confusion among readers. The confusion becomes visible even in the translations of the Argot both into Russian and into Armenian that very often leads to the target readers’ misunderstanding. The aim of the article is to distinguish a number of linguistic peculiarities of Nadsat in A. Burgess’ A Clockwork Orange and to specify the translation distinctions in the target texts, which are definitely caused by certain misinterpretation of the ST cognitive code. Translation itself may be identified as a transaction operation, when the language media specific of one cultural community is transferred into another with definite configurations specific to the other cultural community to meet the target recipients’ expectations with their cultural background, mentality, genetic knowledge and experience.

    References

    Benet, V. & Clark J. (2020). Nadsat in translation: a clockwork orange and l’orange mécanique. Erudite, 65 (3), 543-783.

    https://doi.org/10.7202/ 1077407ar

    Dystopia. (2022). In Literary devices. Retrieved February 23, 2022.

    Eremeeva A.A., & Ostapenko S.S. (2021). Sopostavitelniy analiz perevodov romana-antiutopii Entoni Burdgesa “Zavadnoy apelsin”, vypolnennikh V. B. Boshnyakom i E. G. Sinelshchikovym [Comparative analysis of the translations of the dystopian novel “A Clockwork Orange” by Anthony Burgess, made by V. B. Boshnyak and E. G. Sinelshchikov] Retrieved February 19, 2022.

    Ginter, A. (2003). Slang as the third language in the process of translation: a clockwork orange in Polish and Russian. Style. Retrieved February 25, 2022.

    Koval, D. E. (2018). Problema perevoda slenga “nadsat” na russkiy yazyk v romane entoni burdgesa “zavadnoy apelsin” [The problem of translation of the slang "nadsat" into Russian in Anthony Burgess' novel A Clockworking Orange]. Aktualnye Voprosy Sovremennoy Filologii i Jurnalistiki, 3 (30). 82-85.

    Serrano-Muñoz J. (2021). Closure in dystopia: projecting memories of the end of crises in speculative fiction. Memory Studies, 14 (6), 1347-1361 https://doi.org/10.1177%2F17506980211054340

    What is dystopian fiction? Learn about the five characteristics of dystopian fiction. (2021). In MasterClass. Retrieved January 20, 2021 from https://www.masterclass.com/articles/what-is-dystopian-fiction-learn-about-the-5-characteristics-of-dystopian-fiction-with-examples.

    Sources of Data

    Burgess A., (2016). A clockwork orange. Saint Petersburg: Antologia, My Favourite Fiction.

    Burgess A. Zavodnoi apelsin [A clockwork orange]. (V. Boshnjak, Trans.), (In Russian). February 26, 2022.

    Burgess A. Zavodnoi apelsin [A clockwork orange]. (E. Sinelshchikov, Trans.). Retrieved March 11, 2022.

    Byorjess A. (2018). Larovi narinj [A clockwork orange]. (Z. Boyadgyan, Trans.). Yerevan: Antares. (In Armenian)

Literature Studies

  • Literature Studies

    NARRATIVE CHALLENGES AND METAFICTIONAL AWARENESS IN POSTMODERN LITERATURE: READING ALI SMITH’S "THE WHOLE STORY AND OTHER STORIES"

    Angela Locatelli
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    Abstract

    One of the widespread features of the literary postmodern, and one of its most relevant aspects in epistemic terms, is the foregrounding of the narrative dimension and the problematizing of “facts”. These narratological elements are both influenced by, and have an impact on, contemporary notions of subjectivity and reality.

    One of the widespread features of the literary postmodern, and one of its most relevant aspects in epistemic terms, is the foregrounding of the narrative dimension and the problematizing of “facts”. These narratological elements are both influenced by, and have an impact on contemporary notions of subjectivity and reality. In postmodern literature the “factuality” of the story is made questionable from different angles, and this is due to several aesthetic and stylistic elements which will be discussed with reference to Ali Smith’s collection of short stories The Whole Story and Other Stories (2004). This is an exemplary text of the literary postmodern, since it represents a unique instance of the dissolution of “factualities”, in which metafiction plays a relevant role. “Facts” in these stories are improbable, suspended, and indeterminate due to a narrative strategy which routinely questions “events” and/or exposes their epistemological constructedness. Readers of these short stories are not only trained into an awareness of metafiction as a major component of the narration, but they are also often left in a state of bewilderment leading to a more or less amused disbelief, or to a profound epistemological questioning.

    References

    Barnes, J. (1984). Flaubert’s parrot. London: Jonathan Cope.

    Baudrillard, J. (1983). Simulations (P. Foss, P. Patton, & P. Beitchman Trans.). New York: Semiotext(e).

    Baudrillard, J. (1988). America (Ch. Turner. Trans). London: Verso.

    Baudrillard, J. (1995). The Gulf war did not take place (P. Patton Trans.). Sydney: Power.

    Berger, J. (1996). Photocopies. London: Vintage.

    Brockmeier, J., & Carbaugh, D. A. (2001). Narrative and identity: studies in autobiography, self and culture. Amsterdam/ Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company.

    Brooks, P. (1992). Reading for the plot: design and intention in narrative. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Byatt, A. S. (2001). The biographer’s tale. London: Chatto & Windus.

    Butler, J. (1990). Performative acts and gender constitution: An Essay in Phenomenology and Feminist Theory. In S.-E. Case (Ed.), Performing feminisms: feminist critical theory and theatre. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP.

    Connor, S. (2004). Postmodernism and literature. In S. Connor (Ed.), The Cambridge companion to postmodernism (pp. 62-81). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Coppola, M. M. (2015). ‘A whole spectrum of colours new to the eye’: Gender Metamorphoses and Identity Frescoes in Girl Meets Boy and How to Be Both by Ali Smith. TEXTUS, 27 (1), 169-185.

    D’Ancona, M. (2017). Post-Truth:the new war on truth and how tofight back. London: Ebury Press.

    DeLillo, D. (1997). Underword. New York: Scribner.

    Duszak A. (2002). Us and others: an introduction. In A. Duszak (Ed.). Us and others: social identities across languages, discourses and cultures (pp. 1-28). Amsterdam/ Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company.

    Eco, U. (1973). Il costume di casa [Faith in Fakes]. Milano: Bompiani.

    Eco, U. (1983). Sette anni di Desiderio [Seven Years of Desire]. Firenze: Giunti

    Fokkema, D. W. (1984) Literary history, modernism, postmodernism. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company.

    Fuller, S. (2018). Post-Truth: knowledge as a power game. New York: Anthem Press.

    Grice, H. P. (1975). Logic and conversation. In Martinich, A.P. (Ed.). Philosophy of language, 165-175. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

    Locatelli, A. (2007a). Cloning discourse: aspects of the postmodern in British Literature”. In E. Agazzi e M. Lorandi (eds), Il tradimento del bello: Le trans-figurazioni tra avanguardia e postmodernità [The Betrayal of Beauty: Transfigurations Between Avantgarde and Postmodernity] (pp.151-163). Milano: Bruno Mondadori.

    Locatelli, A. (2007b). ‘Did Francis Galton lose his marbles?’: Scientists in A.S. Byatt’s The Biographer’s Tale. In A. Locatelli (Ed.), La conoscenza della letteratura [The Knowledge of Literature], Volume VI (pp. 137-152). Bergamo: Bergamo University Press, Sestante Edizioni.

    Locatelli, A. (2010). Framing events: literary and historical knowledge. In A. Locatelli (Ed.), La conoscenza della letteratura [The Knowledge of Literature], Volume IX (pp.7-18). Bergamo: Bergamo University Press, Sestante Edizioni.

    Locatelli, A. (2011). Description in literary and historical narratives: rhetoric, narratology and ways of seeing. In M. Irimia & I. Dragos (Eds.), Author(ity)and the canon. between institutionalization and questioning literature from high to late Modernity (pp. 115-126). Bucharest: Bucuresti Institutul Cultural Roman.

    Locatelli, A. (2014). Reading literature: an ethical gesture in the postmodern context? Armenian Folia Anglistika, 10 (1-2), 121-130.

    Lyotard, J-F. (1979). La condition postmoderne: Rapport sur le savoir. [The Postmodern Condition: a report on knowledge] Paris: Minuit.

    McIntyre, L. C. (2018). Post-Truth. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

    McHale, B. (1992). Constructing postmodernism. London: Routledge.

    Norris, C. (1990) What’s wrong with postmodernism: critical theory and the ends of philosophy. London: Harvester Wheatsheaf.

    Norris, C. (1992). Uncritical theory: postmodernism, intellectuals and the Gulf war. London: Lawrence and Wishart.

    Ravizza, E. N. (2019). Exploring otherness in Margaret Atwood’s Alias Grace. Ethical and epistemological reflections on historiographic metafiction. British and American Studies, 25, 143-152.

    Waugh P. (1984). Metafiction: the theory and practice of self-conscious fiction. London & New York: Routledge.

    Woolf, V. (1984). Modern fiction. In A. McNeille (Ed.), The Essays of Virginia Woolf. Volume 4, 1925 to 1928, (pp.157-165). London: The Hogarth Press.

Armenological Studies

  • Armenological Studies

    LINGUISTIC CONSCIOUSNESS AND HISTORICITY. GHEVOND ALISHAN՚S COMPOSITION “UNDER THE FIR TREE: REFLECTIONS IN THE BOSOM OF DESERTED NATURE”

    Naira Hambardzumyan
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    Abstract

    The present article aims at studying the problems of historicity, linguistic consciousness, and philosophy of life as a constantly transforming chain that includes and circulates geopolitical and cultural processes. The primary aim of the study is to observe the author – world relations in the domain of language, consciousness and historicity, through which the essential inner features of the author's meditations and philosophical thoughts are revealed, and historicity becomes a tool for regulating experience. Linguistic consciousness presupposes an open image of the world, in which geopolitical events, actions, and situations are summarized. Historicity, as a process of restoring information flows, is full of events and ensures the time and vitality of the geopolitical processes. At the same time, as a regulating depository of language+consciousness, it provides the ability of identifying the attitude towards most important historical events in Alishan's experience. I have applied the phenomenological and historical-comparative methods focusing on semantic-typological procedures, the methodology of understanding. Father Ghevond Alishan's composition “Under the Fir Tree: Reflections in The Bosom of Deserted Nature” which is a unique combination of world historiography, Christianity, and historical-philosophical thought, has so far not received all the attention it deserves.

     

    References

    Alishan, F.G. (1874). Y'nd yeghevneav: hamayut'ean bacavayri khorhrdac'ut'iun. [Under the fir tree: reflections in the bosom of

    deserted nature]. Venice: St. Lazarus. (in Armenian)

    Alishan, F.G. (1981). Yerker. [Compositions]. Yerevan: Sovetakan Grogh. (in Armenian)

    Arutyunova, N. (1999). Jazyk i mir cheloveka. (2nd ed.) [Language and the world of man]. Moscow: Yazyki russkoj kultury. I-XV. (in Russian)

    Avetisyan, L. (2021). Aruest grabar qert'ut'ean Alishani. [Alishan’s old Armenian poetic art], Bazmavep, 1-2 (2021), 87-109 (in Armenian)

    Bakhtin, M. (1975). Formy vremeni i khronotopa v romane. Ocherki po istoricheskoj poetike. [Forms of time and of the chronotope in the novel. Essays on historical poetics.] Moscow: Khudozhestvennaya Literatura. (in Russian)

    Bakhtin, M. (1975). Voprosy literatury i estetiki. [Questions of literature and aesthetics]. St. Petersburg-Moscow: Khudozhestvennaya Literatura. (in Russian)

    Barthes, R. (1994). Izbrannye raboty. Semiotika. Poetika. [Selected works. Semiotics. Poetics]. Moscow: Progress. (in Russian)

    Hambardzumyan, N. (2021). Mshakut'abanakan hishoghut'yan yev jhamanaki fenomennery Ghevond Alishani Y'nd yeghevneav: hamayut'ean bacavayri khorhrdac'ut'iun yerkum. [The phenomena of cultural memory and time in the essay of Ghevond Alishan “Under the fir tree: reflections in the bosom of deserted nature”]. Lraber Hasarakakan Gitutyunneri [Herald of the Social Sciences]. 3 (663), 165-179. https://doi.org/10.53548/03208117-2021.3-165 (in Armenian)

    Hambardzumyan, N. (2020). Ghewond Alishani Y'nd Yeghevneav… yerki nerteqstabanakan yev haghordakcakan gorc'aruyt'nery'. Nshan-xorhrdanish-alyuzia-teqst. [The intertextual and communicative functions of Ghevond Alishan's work Under the Fir Tree…: Sign-symbol-allusion-text]. In Ghevond Alishan-200 (Collected materials of the Jubilee Conference) (pp. 224-238), Yerevan: Science publishing house of NAS RA. (in Armenian)

    Jung, K., & Fuko, M. (2013). Matritsa Bezumija. [Matrix of Madness]. Mօscow: Algorithm. (in Russian)

    Kalantaryan, Zh. (2017). Qnnadatut'yunn ibrev gorc'nakan grakanagitut'yun. [Criticism as practical literary studies]. Yerevan, YSU press. (in Armenian)

    Toynbee, A. (1978). Mankind and Mother Earth: a narrative history of the world. England: Oxford University Press, New edition.

    Terteryan, A. (1944). Alishany' yev hayrenasirut'yuny'. [Alishan and patriotism] (Armenian Classics). Yerevan. (in Armenian)

    Terteryan, A. (1974). Husher yev nisher H. Alishani. [Memories and characters of F. Alishan]. Yerevan. (in Armenian)

    Sarinyan, S. (2017). Grakanagitakan met'odner. [Literary methods], Vem, T (ZH - E), 1(57), 9-27 (in Armenian)

    Shtikyan, S. (1967). Alishani gegharvestakan steghc'agorc'ut'yuny. [Alishan's fictional composition]. Yerevan (in Armenian)