| E - ISSN | : | 3045-3100 |
| P - ISSN | : |
Vol. 15 No. 2 (44) (2024)
Published:
12.09.2024
Full Issue
Book Review
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Book Review
History of Turkey: the Political Contours of the Hundred-Year Republic 1923-2023, R. Safrastyan, R. Melkonyan and others
AbstractDuring the years of independence of the Republic of Armenia in the Yerevan State University, tremendous work was done in the direction of publication of textbooks, educational manuals and methodological articles. In the newly independent Armenia, the necessity of creating textbooks in the field of history and political science was obvious, with the imperative to overcome the ideological "patterns" of the Soviet years. Here, in order to solve these problems, today Turkic students, specialists and readers interested in the complex issues of Turkish history and Armenian-Turkish relations is put on the table “History of Turkey: the political contours of the hundred-year-old republic in 1923-2023" third revised edition of the textbook.
References
International Relations
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International Relations
Dynamics of Russian-Turkish Relations after the Second Karabakh War
AbstractThe article makes a focus on the dynamics of Russian-Turkish relations after the second Karabakh war. 2020 was a vital year for Ankara, because being in a bad economic situation, as well as involved in various conflicts in different corners of the world, Turkey still managed to act as a new regional superpower and increase its role in the South Caucasus.
Turkey is a vivid example of how by developing and implementing the right strategy, not possessing the necessary natural resources, having many problems within the country, the country can increase its role on several platforms and even present ambitions to be included in the global governance system.
Turkey opposed the established international relations at a strategic level, putting forward the “World Is Bigger than Five” standpoint. At the regional level, by combining “soft power” with “hard power”, Ankara was breaking the established balance and increasing its presence as a result.
Russian-Turkish relations have been analyzed in the context of concepts adopted by Turkey, as well as in the context of “offensive realism” and “strategic balancing” theories.
It has been described how, by implementing a more active policy after 2016, Ankara managed to prevent anti-Turkish coalitions, balance regional rivals, and, if necessary, also ally with them.
ReferencesАватков В.А. Внешняя и внутренняя политика Турции. Ключевые изменения 2020г.
Аватков В.А., Сбитнева А.И. Новый национализм Турецкой Республики. Вестник РУДН, Серия Политология, Том 24, N2, 2022, էջ 300:
Графов Д.Б. Стратегия балансирования во внешней политике Турции. Вестник МГИМО-Университета, 2022, 15(3), էջ 118: The Russia-NATO ralations and the European security system in the context of the concepts of neorealism.-Journal: National security and strategic planning, Volume 2021N1(33), Rubrics: POLITICAL SECURITY-futurepubl.ru/en/nauka/article/43853/vieu
Гумилев Л.Н. Этногенез и биосфера Земли, Л., 1981, էջ 38-39:
Данилевский Н.Я., Россия и Европа. Спб, 2020, էջ 498-499:
Демешко Н.Э., Мурадов Г.Л., Ирхин А.Р., Москаленко О.А., Русский и Тюркский миры на пространстве Евразии. Вестник МГИМО Университета, Том 16, N6, 2023, էջ 176:
Дугин А.Г. Геополитика. М. 2011, էջ 168:
Ирхин А.А., Москаленко О.А. «Мир больше пяти». Становление Турции в качестве глобального актора мировой политики: перспективы и вызовы для России. Вестник РУДН. Серия Международная отношения, 2021, Том 21, N1, էջ 95:
Комарцева Н.С. Гайфутдинов Р.И., Россия и Турция в контексте нового тюркского мира, Вопросы политологии, Выпуск 3 (79), Том 12, 2022, էջ 761:
Коновалов В.Н., Погосян Г.К., Турецкий фактор в Закавказье: Ретроспекция Нагорно-Карабахского конфликта.-cyberleninka.ru/article/n/turetskiy-factor-v-zakavzie-retrospeksiya-nagorno-krabahskogoko-konflikta/viewer
Кривошеев К. Курсы перекройки. Как Россия подарила Эрдогану мировые амбиции-carnegienndowment.org/politika/88506
Круглый стол на тему «Политический реализм и международные отношения. Россия в глобальной политике. 05,02,2024. Globalffairs.ru/articles/ kruglyj-stol-na temu-politicehskij-realizm-i-mezhdunarodnye-otnosheniya-21.
Куса И. Союзник, посредник или разрыв. Какие перспективы у отношений Украины и Турции, carnedieendowment.org/politika/87998
Песков сожалеет, что на карте тюркского мира Эрдогана не указано, что его центр на Алтае-tass.ru/politika/12982517
Турция и Украина: интересы сотрудничество, проблемы, конфликт, Крым-интервью. Eadaiby.com/ru/news/2023/07/10 turciya-i-ukraina-interesy-sotrudnichestvo-problemy-konflikt-krym-interuyu.
Цибенко В.В. Идеологема справедливости и антиколониальный дискурс как обоснование инициативной внешней политике Турции, Международная аналитика, 2023,14(2), էջ 100
Цибенко В.В. Конструирование идеологического дискурса воображаемой географии в Турции, Международная аналитика, Том 13, N 3 (2022), էջ 138:
Шлыков П.В. Внешняя политика Турции в постбиполярной системе координат, Международная аналитика, 12(2) 2021, էջ 142:
Эрдоган заявил, что Турция не откажется от России из-за Украины. gazeta.ru/ politics/ news/ 2022/02/23/17334097.shtml
Turkey՚s Erdogan says he trusts Russia as much as he trusts the West-apnews.com/ article/turkey-erdogan-putin-russia-west-25ac6174d5ccfc56758e3477db
Turkey’s Stakes in the Russia-NATO Rivalry. The Ukraine Crisis and Beyond-Svp-berlin.org/10.18449/2022C09/
Turkey vis-à-vis Russia’s War against Ukraine-iai.it/en/publication:/turkey-vis-visrussiaq-war-against-Ukraine
Relations between Turkeys and the Russian Federation-https://www mfa gov.tr/relations-between-and-the-russian-federation.en.mfa
Russian and Turkey vie over Black, as Erdoğan-prepares-politico. eu/article/black-sea-russia-turkey-ukraine-war/
With Russia’s future uncertain, Turkey and the West need each other Middle East institute, October 18, 2023-mei.edu/publications/russians’ future-uncertain-turkey-and-west-need-each-other.
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International Relations
Deepening Global Confrontation and Growing Competition between Russia and the West in 2022-2024 (using the BRICS and G7 countries as an example)
AbstractThe conflict that began in 2022 between Russia and the United West headed by the United States has already led to such consequences for the global dominance of the West that the Western coalition has difficulties in competing with the international majority. To counter its competitors, the West has adopted a policy of inciting war and activating zones of instability around the world.
Anticipating the inevitability of a clash and realizing the role of trade and economic wars in the 21st century, the real international majority decided to organize competing structures and platforms such as BRICS and others to counter the West.
In fact, unlike Western structures, which geographically characterize themselves as the “golden billion”, they are an international minority, while the international majority has a global geographical presence in all continents of the world and complies with all the principles of a multipolar world.
ReferencesԵրկակի նշանակության համագործակցությունը ՌԴ-ի և Չինաստանի միջև, https://carnegieendowment.org/russia-eurasia/politika/2024/05/behind-the-scenes-chinas-increasing-role-in-russias-defense-industry?lang=ru¢er=russia-eurasia
Саммиты и документы, https://www.nkibrics.ru/pages/history-brics
Пекинская декларация XIV саммита БРИКС, http://www.kremlin.ru/supplement/5819
чем БРИКС отличается от G7, https://m.gazeta.ru/amp/politics/news/2023/08/25/21149396.shtml
Что такое БРИКС: расшифровка, цели и принципы организации
Китай пригласил на саммит БРИКС лидеров еще пяти стран, https://iz.ru/export/google/amp/637986
Что БРИКС преглагает миру, https://secretmag.ru/enciklopediya/chto-takoe-briks-obyasnyaem-prostymi-slovami.htm
Аргентина, Египет, Иран, ОАЭ, Саудовская Аравия и Эфиопия войдут в БРИКС с 2024 года,
https://ru.euronews.com/business/2023/08/24/brics-expands
Большая семерка и почему она больше не интересна России. https://secretmag.ru/enciklopediya/chto-takoe-g7.htm
G7 vs BRICS: эволюция обгона во времени, https://ru.vogon.today/
Ինչ է ԲՐԻԿՍ-ը և ինչ է առաջարկում աշխարհին https://livenews.am/press/2024/266333/13/16/57/
БРИКС обгонит страны G7 по доле ВВП по ППС, спрогнозировал Путин, https://ria.ru/amp/20240229/briks-1930297933.html
ԲՐԻԿՍ–ը առաջ է անցել G7-ի երկրներից, https://auroranews.am/news/2023-08-22-briksy-araj-e-antsel-g7-i-erkrnerits-putiny-apadolaratsman-ev-hatsahatiki-matakararman-masin
ԲՐԻԿՍ միջազգային միավորումը, https://bricsrussia2020.ru/russia_in_brics/20191226/1440/Mezhgosudarstvennoe-obedinenie-BRIKS.html
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International Relations
Armenia and Central Asian Countries in the 1990s
AbstractAfter the collapse of the Soviet Union, the main task of the foreign policy of the newly formed states was the search for allies and economic partners. Five Central Asian countries made a relatively successful attempt at consolidation. It is explained in the article why Central Asia is mentioned, and not the Middle Asia we are used to.
Politically, they were never on the list of priorities for Armenia, but economically, Turkmenistan was the third for our country, being the main supplier of gas. Armenia was not in the circle of the interests of those states, either. At the same time, there were a number of visits. The visit of the President of Turkmenistan Niyazov, in March 1996, which was the first in the list of the leaders of the countries who visited Armenia, is of historical significance. The visit of Kyrgyz President Akayev, who was the first among the heads of Muslim countries to visit the Genocide Memorial in Tsitsernakaberd, was also of interest. Mediation efforts of Kazakh President Nazarbayev aimed at the peaceful settlement of the Karabakh conflict, are mentioned. The issues of energy security are also addressed. The Armenian diaspora of Central Asian countries is also mentioned, which, unfortunately, has no political potential. Even today, the relations with those countries cannot be described as too warm․
ReferencesСовременные международные отношения и мировая политика, Москва, 2004, էջ.828-829
Г. Багратян, Общество и государство, Москва, 2000, էջ 9
Центральная Азия на рубеже ХХ-ХХ1 веков: политика, экономика, безопасность, урегулирование конфликтов, Екатеринбург, 2017, էջ 6
З, Бжезинский, Великая шахматная доска, Москва, 1998, էջ 151
Михайленко А. Россия и СНГ: как жить дальше?. Мировая экономика и международные отношения, 1997, № 10, էջ. 116-124. https://doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-1997-10-116-124
Л.Овсепян,В. Иванов ,,Военно-политические аспекты сотрудничества Турции со странами Южного Кавказа и Централйной Азии,, էջ 119
Время օրաթերթ, 1995թ, դեկտեմբերի 16
Վ․ Փափազյան, ՀՀ արտաքին քաղաքականության հիմնական ուղղություներն ու գերակայությունները, Հայաստանի Հանրապետություն, 1996թ․ սեպտեմբերի 18
Миграция населения в странах СНГ 1996г. MOM 1968,էջ–էջ 59, 71, 124, 149
Г.Балян, Армяне в Кыргызстане, Бишкек, 1999г.
https://api.nla.am/server/api/core/bitstreams/49c6f2da-1749-4d90-acOd-be570afa2872/content,էջ
Чжен Кун Фу, Геополитика Казааштана. Между проэлым и будущим, Алматы, 1999, էջ 227
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Հայոց պատմություն, հատոր 4–րդ, Երևան, 2016, էջ 224
Е. Троицкий Внешняя политика Казахстана:формирование и развитие (1992-2000гг)www.cyberleninka.ru. kazakhstan
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International Relations
The Diplomatic Mission of the Armenian Delegation in Berlin (April-June 1918)
AbstractThe article highlights the diplomatic activities and strategic steps of the Armenian delegation in Berlin in the critical months in Armenian history in 1918 (April-June).
After the end of the First World War and against the backdrop of the collapse of the Russian Empire, the Armenian delegation, in a difficult geopolitical situation, began its activities to ensure international recognition and support for the new independent Republic of Armenia.
Based on the analysis of primary sources and diplomatic correspondence, the article reflects the efforts of the delegation during the period of research to strengthen Armenian statehood against the backdrop of continuing conflicting global interests, and also focuses on the delegation’s relations with the German authorities and the Ottoman Empire in the midst of war, tense international situation, assessing its impact on Armenia’s desire for independence and survival. The article sheds light on the challenges and opportunities faced by the Armenian delegates in Berlin at the most important stage in the history of the establishment of statehood.
ReferencesՀայաստանի ազգային արխիվ (այսուհետև՝ ՀԱԱ), ֆ. 200, ց. 1, գ. 7, թ. 179-180 տե՛ս նաև Ազատյան Հ․, Բախտորոշ պայմանագրեր, Երևան, «Տիգրան Մեծ» հրատարակություն, 2002։
Գ․ Պետրոսյան, Հայաստանի Հանրապետության պատվիրակության առաջին բանակցությունները Կոստանդնուպոլսում (1918 թ. հունիս), 2022, Երևան, Բանբեր Երևանի համալսարանի, № 3, 3-16, էջ 4։
Documents of political archives of Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Germany; the volume is composed and the introduction is written by Mikaelyan V.; Yerevan; 2004.
ՀԱԱ, Ֆ․ 200, , Ց․ 1, Գ․ 132, թ․ 1-4, տե՛ս նաև Ավետիսյան Հ․ Հայկական հարցը 1918 թվականին, Երևան, 1997, էջ 177-178։
ՀԱԱ, Ֆ․ 200, , Ց․ 1, Գ․ 132, թ․ 1-4։
ՀԱԱ, ֆ․220, ց․1, գ․ 120, թ․ 86
Հայրունի Ա․, Հայկական խնդիրը Գերմանիայի արտաքին քաղաքականության մեջ 1918 թվականին, Երևան, ԵՊՀ հրատարակչություն, 2013, էջ 28։
Գ․ Պետրոսյան, Հայաստանի Հանրապետության միջազգային դրությունը և արտաքին քաղաքականությունը 1918-1920թթ, Երևան, 2023թ․, ԵՊՀ հրատարակչություն , էջ 133։
Հայրունի Ա․, Հայկական խնդիրը․․․, էջ 25։
Խատիսյան Ա․, Հայաստանի Հանրապետության¬ ծագումն ու զարգացումը, Բեյրութ, 1968, էջ 92:
Ավետիսյան Հ․, Հայկական հարցը 1918 թվականին, Երևան, 1997, էջ 178
Documents of political archives of Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Germany…, S. 374-375:
Political science
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Political science
The Necessary Conditions for the Formation of a Modern System of Public Administration
AbstractThe article is devoted to the analysis of the necessary conditions for modernizing the public administration system. The article, in particular, showed that the vibrations of modernizing the modern public administration system come from the understanding of public administration concepts and their precise implementation. Vibrations activate the vitality of the system, the necessary conditions of which are state building, bureaucratic organization and stability in the context of continuous democratic reforms. The study of the subject has highlighted that without creating these conditions, it is not possible to achieve the establishment of a modern system of public administration. The article used the results of theoretical and empirical studies on the problem, and also referred to the assessments of the conditions undermining the viability of the modern public administration system. As a systemic condition of modern public administration, managerial culture was presented, as an institutional condition, the institutional establishment of state administration and local self-government bodies, and as a value condition, the activity of spreading and circulating new ideas. As a result of data collection and analysis, it was concluded that the systemic, institutional and value-based conditions ensuring the establishment of modern public administration have synergy, that is, their total result exceeds the sum of individual results. Synergy provides long-term effects, and the provision of individual conditions provides short-term effects. The results of the article can be applied in humanitarian and social science research, public administration and public policy development.
ReferencesDrucker P․ F., Management Challenges for the 21st Century, Harper Business, 1st ed․, N․ Y․, 2001.
Randma-Liiv T․, Small States and Bureaucracy: Challenges for Public Administration, University of Tartu, TRAMES, 6(56/51), 4, 2002.
Profiroiu A․G․, Nastacă C․C․, What Strengthens Resilience in Public Administration Institutions? Eastern Journal of European Studies, Volume 12, Special Issue, August 2021.
Resilience Alliance, Homepage, About, https://www.resalliance.org/about - հղումը հասանելի է 22.06.2024:
Sqapi G., Stateness Before Democracy? A Theoretical Perspective for Centrality of Stateness in the Democratization Process: The Case of Albania, Eastern Journal օf European Studies, Vol. 10, Issue 1, June 2019.
Aspridis G․ M., Pouliana L., The Culture of Modern Public Administration. The Case of Greece, Academicus - International Scientific Journal, www.academicus.edu.al .
Durman M․ O., Bashtannyk A․ H., Kornienko V․, Omarov A. E., Levchenko S․ H., The Paradigm of Public Administration and its Development in Conditions of State Formation and Changes, International Journal of Economics and Business Administration Volume VIII, Special Issue 1, 2020.
Ezeudu T․S., Yau I․ Z․, The Impact օf Culture օn Effective Public Administration իn Nigeria, Journal Of Political Discourse, /vol 1, No 1 & 2 / March & June, 2023, www.jopd.com.ng
Khromov A.V., Gadzalo I., Abroskin V.V., Zavalnyi M.V., Perspectives of Public Administration’s Development: International Experience, Amazonia Investiga, 10(44), Volume 10 - Issue 44: 270-277/August, 2021.
Bauer M․W., Administrative Responses to Democratic Backsliding: When is Bureaucratic Resistance Justified? Regulation & Governance (2023), published by John Wiley & Sons, Australia, 2023.
Monteiro P․, Adler P․S., Bureaucracy for the 21st Century: Clarifying and Expanding our View of Bureaucratic Organization, Academy of Management Annals, 2022, Vol. 16, No. 2.
StIx Report: The World of States in 2023: Country Overview 2023.
The Transformation Index https://bti-project.org/en/?&cb=00000 , Transformation Index BTI 2024 www.bertelsmann¬-stiftung.de/en/publications/publication/did/transformation-index-bti-2024-all - հղումները հասանելի են եղել 22.06.2024:
Karpa M., Akimov O., Competence Approach to the Development of Modern Public Administration: Theory and Practice of Implementation, Advances in Economics, Business and Management Research, Vol. 170, published by Atlantis Press.
European Charter of Local Self-Government, Council of Europe, 1985, Printed at the Council of Europe, Reprinted November 2016, Strasbourg.
Batalli М., Factors Affecting the Transformation of Public Administration, AUDJ, vol. 12, no. 3/2016.
Mussari R., Cepiku D., Public Administration Reform in Transition: Reflection from the Albanian experience, Journal of Public Management Review, Volume 9, by Routledge, 2007.
OECD-2023, The Principles of Public Administration, OECD, Paris, 2024. https://www.sigmaweb.org-/publications/Principles-of-Public-Administration-2023.pdf - հղումը հասանելի է եղել 22.06.2024:
Elite Quality Report։ 2022, Country Scores and Global Rankings: Sustainable Value Creation. Global Matrices for Long-Term economic and Human Development, The Foundation for Value Creation, Switzerland, publ. by Seismo Press AG, Zurich and Geneva, 2022.
Ալթունյան Կ․, Պետության զարգացման հնարավորությունների և էլիտայի որակի չափման գլոբալ ցուցիչը, «Գիտական Արցախ», No 3(14), Եր․, 2022:
Altunyan K. Public Administration in the Republic of Armenia: Reassessment After Thirty Years, «Scientific Artsakh», No 4(11), 2021.
ՀՀ կառավարության որոշումը հանրային կառավարման բարեփոխումների ռազմավարությունը, 2022-2024 թվականների ճանապարհային քարտեզը եվ արդյունքային շրջանակը, ռազմավարության իրականացման հսկողությունն ու համակարգումն ապահովող անձանց ցանկը հաստատելու մասին, https://www.arlis.am/DocumentView.aspx?docID=162791 ։
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Political science
Conceptual Approaches to the Study of the Problem of Ethnicity
AbstractIn an increasingly globalized world, characterized by growing cultural diversity and constant intercultural interaction, the academic study of ethnicity and its perceptions has become an imperative of the times. This article examines the concepts of "ethnicity", "ethnos" and "ethnic identity" in different academic contexts. In particular, not only Western theoretical concepts are considered, but also "Eastern" ones based on local, unique methodological approaches, especially Russian political science thought, as well as theoretical conceptual approaches developed in the academic frameworks of India, Japan, China and Armenia. The analysis of the above-mentioned heuristic structures and their limits allows us to understand the phenomenon of "ethnicity", which is the basis of individual and collective identity, in a more comprehensive way.
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