Vol. 12 No. 1 (34) (2021)

The article is dedicated to the monostiches of Yeghishe Charents. In 1937 the poet wrote 10 monostiches which were published in the 1970s-1980s. Charents mastered the single line form of the monostich with the help of Valery Bryusov, especially his translations of the monostiches of the 4th century Latin poet Decimus Magnus Ausonius. But genre traditions of ancient poetry and symbolism the Armenian poet used to embody his own ideas and designs.

Starting from H. Hubschmann an Armenian origin has been ascribed to the sound (ն - n) of the Armenian words which make rhymes with the sonorant- ն (n) (ակն, արմուկն, բեւեկն, դալուկն, ծունկն, ձուկն, մուկն, ունկն, etc.) and the proceeding -k- voiceless fricative. Henceforth, -կ-was considered a word forming particle, namely an augment. The present etymological investigation attempts to demonstrate that this claim is not fully convincing, at least in case of the sound – կ- in words մուկն, ունկն and the plural form of the latter - ականջ-(ք). The -կ- in the words mentioned is a root element and represents the IE occlusive phoneme *s. The initial (=root) version of the մուկն was * մուկ, which, like other IE languages – Greek, Latin, Indian, Iranian, Slavic, Lithuanian, stems from the IE prototype *mūs. The original root of the word ունկն was *ուկ-, and that of ականջ - *ակ. From the typological perspective, the transition from the IE *s>Arm. կ (k) is grounded by the fact that in some of the languages mentioned above *s is represented by the back-lingual voiceless fricative х [x] (Ancient Slavic, Rus.) ḫ [x] (Hittite), and also by voiceless occlusive κ (k) - ἀκούω “to hear” in Greek like in Armenian. Initially, the word ականջ served as the form of the dual number of the word ունկն. Similarly, the word “աչ” acted as the dual number of ակն (an eye). The sound -ն- (n)- in the word * ունկ appeared as a result of a change of sounds within a word. The sound - ջ – in the word ականջ-(ք), in most probability, was the result of the analogy between the sing. Nouns in Genitive-Dative cases (comp. գիւղ, կին, այգի, կղզի, տարի, etc. ) and the with forms in Locative Case ending in – ջ (comp. գեղջ «գյուղի», կնոջ «կնոջ», (յ)այգւոջ «այգու(ն)/այ¬գում», (ի) կղզւոջ «կղզու(ն)/կղզում», (ի) տարւոջ «տարվա /տա¬րում», etc.). The word մուկ, like in all IE languages, derives from the IE prototype *mūs, while *ուկ- and *ակ- stem from the prototypes *aus- or *ōus- * through the dropping of -u or the monophthongisation of the diphthong(s) *au/*ōu.

At the present stage, the improvement of the Armenian terminological vocabulary takes place mainly due to its rich intra-linguistic potential. The article also discusses the activities of a number of institutions and specialists aimed at the realization of the term building means both in Eastern Armenian and Western Armenian.

The proper  names given to the geographical units are very often in a direct relation with the natural characteristics of the external world realities and form thematic groups on the basis of this or that overlap of the semantic characteristics, which directly expresses the interconnection between the process of naming of the given geographical unit. Based on internal and external characteristics of the geographical units and the residences in toponymy it is accepted to underline the following 9 semes: 1) «drawing, the form of the object» the following sememe is expressed in various substantivized adjectives, some of them turn into toponyms with zero morpheme in Armenian, with suffixation, composition and in word-formation process - տափ, (plain) հարթ(flat), զառիվայր (ramp), ծուռ (hooked), թեք (slanting), 2) «the peculiarities of water flaw »- արագ (swift), վարար (turbulent), խաղաղ (peaceful) 3) «'temperature-related peculiarities» - սառն(cold), ջերմ (warm), թեժ (hot), գոլ (humid),  4) «peculiarities of soil layers» -հողե (soil), կավային(clay), տիղմային (sludge), ավազե (sand), ճահճային(swamp), քարե (stone), 5) «smell, odour» անուշ (nice), գարշ(smelly), 6) «flavour sensation»-- քաղցր (sweet), թթու(sour), դառն (bitter), 7) «colour, tint» - սև (black), սպիտակ(white), կարմիր(red), ոսկի(gold), կապույտ(blue), կանաչ(green), 8) «spiritual and religious qualities» - divine, devilish, holy, and 9) «moral and aesthetic qualities» - evil, kind, proud etc. In the Armenian toponyms the majority form the ones with the 4 following semes «drawing, the form of the object», «'the peculiarities of the soil layer», «colour», and «spiritual and religious qualities». For example, Տափեր, Տափերական, Հարթք, Հարթենք, Հարթագոմեր, Հարթագյուղ, Քարեր-Քարինք Քարընկեց, Կարմ­րաշեն, Կարմ­րաթառ, Կարմրամորուս, Բարեբեր, Չարաբերդ etc.

The semantic field is a set of lexical units. Uniting into a core based on semantic and functional features. All lexical units join in each other in different kinds of semantic relations, which are formed in relation to its core-lexeme of the «eye» . Our task is to determine: 1) the field approach in the centre of which the nucleus (eyes) was given, 2) those meanings of the lexeme (eyes) that are reflected in the dictionary, 3) those phraseological units that express the tradition of our people as a carrier of a certain culture, 4) figurative meaning of the lexeme (eyes), 5) nonverbal meaning of the lexeme (eyes) as a means of communication.

Connotation is one of the most challenging aspects in translation. This paper highlights the importance of connotative meaning in literary translation. In this paper we examine difference between connotative meanings in Armenian and Russian languages and present a number of translated examples from Armenian into Russian and vice versa.

The Arabic language of diplomacy, as terminological sub-language with special vocabulary, stands out with features as accuracy, solemnity, politeness, etc. This terminological sub-language consists of many professional terms that are understood only by specialists of the field. The system of Arabic diplomatic terminology is supplemented with new terms through borrowings from different languages, translations, as well as a number of lexical-semantic, syntactic and morphological-syntactic methods of word formation in Arabic.

The article examines the folk songs published by Ghevond Alishan. The history of the publication of songs on the pages of "Bazmavep" during 1843-1850 is presented. Various issues related to the basic principle of the classification of songs called "ramkakan", which means folk songs, are being studied. Despite the content, not all of the songs in the collection are folk songs, there are also literature and author's songs. It is clear that for Alishan, the key was the presence of the nationality of the language and style of songs. We find the same approach in "Songs of Nahapet", a folk singer invented by Alishan.

In the article, an attempt is made to deffer folk and author's songs in the collection "Armenian folk songs" by Alishan, the types of folk songs are presented, their further destinies are studied. It briefly talks about the influence of folk songs published in Alishan's collection on Armenian literature, in particular in the poems of Hovhannes Tumanyan.

The article attempts to present the general picture of the Armenian press at the beginning of the twentieth century, evaluating its contribution to the formation of the Armenian state at the beginning of the century, as well as to the formation of the Armenian cultural identity, in particular, in the formation of intercultural dialogue in society. Some principles of professional activity of the press are highlighted, which helped to re-evaluate the role of Armenian press in the public and political life of Armenia.

Investigating the semantic transformations of the names of the organs of the Armenian periodical press in Tiflis, the authors note that the stages of semantization and desemantization of hemeronyms are influenced by certain social and cultural processes. The semantic transformations of hemeronyms are due to the functionality of the editions, which changes in certain chronotopic coordinates. The semantics of hemeronyms can undergo transformation both in expressive and in content terms. At different stages of use, hemeronyms may have the following semantic meanings: nominating stage - hemeronyms are expressed as ideonyms; legislative and legal stage - hemeronyms are used as ergonyms and pragmatonyms; market-competitive stage - hemeronyms function in the role of ergonyms, pragmatonyms, socionyms, pseudonyms, biblionyms; historical stage - hemeronyms function as documentonyms and chrematonyms. At the last stage, it is possible to revive hemeronyms as the name of a new media product with a historical allusion to a well-known publication of past years.