Vol. 15 No. 2 (40) (2024)

View Vol. 15 No. 2 (40) (2024)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.46991/BYSU.F/2024.15.2
Published: 2024-12-25

Full Issue

Editorial

Sociology of education

  • Sociology of education

    TEACHING ACADEMIC INTEGRITY IN CHINA: A NEW UNIVERSITY CURRICULUM

    Elena Denisova-Schmidt, Zhaoheng Xu, Qi Wang
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    Abstract

    This paper highlights the global issue of academic integrity, particularly in Chinese higher education institutions (HEIs). While policies and classes on integrity exist, comprehensive training opportunities are lacking. To address this, seminars targeting graduate students at one high-level research university in Shanghai have been initiated, aiming to foster competencies for international collaboration and ethical awareness. In the first seminar, various misconduct cases were discussed, including cheating on coursework, exam impersonation, and academic falsification in the Chinese higher education context. Reflecting on the issues and implications this seminar raised, this paper advocates for continued effort towards developing academic integrity training at Chinese HEIs, which would ultimately contribute to enhancing a culture of integrity in Chinese higher education.

    References

    Bearman, M., Ryan, J., & Ajjawi, R. (2023). Discourses of artificial intelligence in higher education: a critical literature review. Higher Education, 86, 369−385.

    Bretag, T. (Ed.). (2020). A research agenda for academic integrity. Edward Elgar Publishing.

    Crompton, H., Burke, D. (2023). Artificial intelligence in higher education: the state of the field. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 20, 22.

    Curtis, G. (Ed.) (2023). Academic integrity in the social sciences: perspectives on pedagogy and practice (1st ed.) (Ethics and integrity in educational contexts; Vol. 6). Springer.

    Denisova-Schmidt, E. (Ed.) (2020). Corruption in higher education: global challenges and responses. Brill.

    Denisova-Schmidt, E. (2024). Academic integrity and international students: an inclusive approach. In S.E. Eaton (Ed.). International handbook of academic integrity (pp. 1187−1200). Springer.

    Du, Q. H. (2018). Research on the construction of academic integrity system in Chinese colleges and universities. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research. 290, 238-240.

    Eaton, S. E. (Ed). (2024). Handbook of academic integrity. Springer, 2nd Edition.

    Hao, K. B., Guo, J. E. & Zhang, X. (2017). Evolving features of the efficiency of governance policies on Chinese university research misconduct. Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University (Social Science) (in Chinese). 37(6), 48−56.

    Khan, Z. R. (2024). Ethics of artificial intelligence in academia. In S.E. Eaton (Ed.). International handbook of academic integrity (pp. 1551–1582). Springer.

    Lo, L. N. K. (1991). State patronage of intellectuals in Chinese higher education. Comparative Education Review, 35(4), 690–720.

    Liu, P. (2018). Current situation and governance oath of academic misconducts in China: analysis based on 64 typical misconduct cases reported by the media. Bulletin of National Natural Science Foundation of China. 32(06), 637–644.

    Unangst, L., Altbach, P. G., de Wit, H. (2022). English as medium of instruction in non-Anglophone countries. A global comparative analysis of policies, practices, and implications. In de Wit, H., Minaeva, E., & Wang, L. (eds.). International Student Recruitment and Mobility in Non-Anglophone Countries: Theories, Themes, and Patterns (1st ed.). Routledge.

    Wang, Q & Cheng, Y. (2014). Reflections on the Effects of the 985 Project in Mainland China. In Cheng, Y., Wang, Q., & Liu, N.C. (Eds.) How World-Class Universities Affect Global Higher Education (pp.103−115). Sense Publishers.

    Welch, A. (2020). Governance and corruption in East and Southeast Asian higher education: close cousins, close encounters. In G. Capano, & D. Jarvis (Eds.), Convergence and diversity in the governance of higher education (pp. 355−395). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Yang, R. (2022). Toxic academic culture in East Asia. An update. In E. Denisova-Schmidt, E. (Ed.) Corruption in higher education: global challenges and responses (pp. 117−122). Brill.

    Yang, R. (2023). Academic excellence initiatives: The case of China. In Yudkevich, M., Altbach, P., Salmi, J. (Eds.). Academic star wars. Excellence initiatives in global perspective (pp. 11−32). MIT Press.

    Yudkevich, M., Altbach, P., Salmi, J. (Eds.). (2023). Academic star wars. Excellence initiatives in global perspective. MIT Press.

Political Sociology

  • Political Sociology

    TRAUMATIC PAST AND THE POLITICS OF MEMORY: WHAT SHOULD BE AND SHOULD NOT BE THE ARMENIAN APPROACH?

    Arthur Atanesyan
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    Abstract

    Armenia has a history marked by traumatic and harrowing events. In the 20th century, it endured the Armenian Genocide, recognized as the first genocide of such magnitude committed against an ethnic group by a state government with the intention of erasing all existence and memory of it from the land where the Armenian people originated. A nation that has endured genocide must learn lessons to prevent such atrocities from happening again. Failure to draw the right conclusions and implement appropriate policies in a timely manner can result in similar threats reemerging. Every nation must remember its traumatic events in a manner that enables and encourages necessary policies and actions. If similar risks and threats reappear, it may indicate that the nation has either failed to remember its traumatic past in a way that serves it instrumentally and pragmatically or has not remembered it at all. Have Armenians adequately remembered their Genocide? If so, why is there a resurgence of the risk of another genocide affecting the Armenian population, not only in Karabakh but also in Armenia, in modern times? Do Armenians need to reconsider their politics of memory in this context, and if so, are they doing it correctly? This paper critically addresses these questions, accompanied by a brief conceptual exploration and case studies.

    References

    Assmann, A. (2011) From Collective Violence to the Common Future: Four Models for Dealing with the Traumatic Past. Bulletin of Yerevan State University, Sociology and Economics series, N 134.5, p. 14-22.

    Atanesyan A.V., Reynolds B.M., Mkrtichyan A.E. (2023) Balancing between Russia and the West: the hard security choice of Armenia. European Security, DOI: 10.1080/09662839.2023.2258528

    Atanesyan A.V., Mkrtichyan A.E. (2023) Russia as an ally: the dynamics of public perceptions in Armenian society before and after the 2020 Karabakh war. Polis. Political Studies. No. 2. P. 9-26. (In Russ.)

    Atanesyan A.V. (2016). Culture of Memory and Some Models of Memory About the Armenian Genocide in Contemporary Armenian Society. Historical and social-educational ideas, N. 8(4/1), pp. 46-54. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.17748/2075-9908-2016-8-4/1-46-54

    Atanesyan A.V. (2018) “Velvet Revolution” in Armenia: Potential, Gains, and Risks of Political Protest Activity. Polis. Political Studies, N. 6, p. 80-98. (In Russ.) DOI: https://doi.org/10.17976/jpps/2018.06.06

    Cornejo, V. (2020) "A Nation That Forgets Its Past Has No Future". The Network, July 17. URL: https://network.crcna.org/topic/justice-inclusion/biblical-justice/nation-forgets-its-past-has-no-future

    Dadrian, V․ N. (1995) The History of the Armenian Genocide: Ethnic Conflict from the Balkans to Anatolia to the Caucasus. Providence, R.I., Berghahn.

    Guterres, A. (2020) ‘Never Again’ Means Constant Retelling of Holocaust Story, Secretary-General Stresses at Exhibition Opening, Citing Rising Antisemitism, Other Hatreds. UN Press Release, January 21. URL: https://press.un.org/en/2020/sgsm19943.doc.htm

    Kaasik-Krogerus, S., Čeginskas, V.L.A., Sääskilahti, N. (2020) Politics of memory and oblivion. An introduction to the special issue, European Politics and Society, N21:3, p. 271-276, DOI: 10.1080/23745118.2019.1645419

    Kévorkian, R․ H. (2011) The Armenian Genocide: A Complete History. I.B. Tauris.

    Lemkin Institute: Genocide threat has spread to sovereign territory of Armenia. Lemkin Institute for Genocide Prevention, 07.04.2024, URL: https://www.lemkininstitute.com/single-post/lemkin-institute-genocide-threat-has-spread-to-sovereign-territory-of-armenia (accessed 11.04.2024).

    Margalit, A. (2004) The Ethics of Memory. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, p. XIII-IX.

    Maurantonio, N. (2014) The Politics of Memory. In: The Oxford Handbook of Political Communication (ed. by Kate Kenski and Kathleen Hall Jamieson). Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014.

    Nascimento Araújo, M.P., and Sepúlveda dos Santos, M. (2009) History, Memory and Forgetting: Political Implications, RCCS Annual Review, N1, p. 77-94. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4000/rccsar.157

    Ocampo, L.M. (2023) Expert Opinion: Genocide against Armenians in 2023. New York, August 7. URL: https://www.cftjustice.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Moreno-Ocampo-Expert-Opinion.pdf?fbclid=IwAR3AzzJHsmxnGJ0J5071fmVdzrudwmdnyWPMRKiWWGKdbDvbKvRUL5lKACU

    Ranger, J., & Ranger, W. (2023). Towards a resonant theory of memory politics. Memory Studies, N16(2), p.451–464. https://doi.org/10.1177/17506980221101112

    Scotini, M., Galasso, E. (2015) Politics of Memory. Documentary and Archive. Berlin, Archive Books.

    Verovšek, P.J. (2016) Collective memory, politics, and the influence of the past: the politics of memory as a research paradigm. Politics Groups and Identities, N4 (3), p. 529-543.

    Von Joeden Forgey, E. (2023). Why Prevention Fails: Chronicling the Genocide in Artsakh. International Journal of Armenian Genocide Studies, 8(2), 86–107. https://doi.org/10.51442/ijags.0046

  • Political Sociology

    EXPLORING SOCIAL PROTEST POTENTIAL IN MODERN ARMENIAN SOCIETY: INSTITUTIONAL TRUST AND SOCIAL-DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS

    Gayane Harutyunyan
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    Abstract

    This study investigates the potential of protests in contemporary Armenian society. Considering the global rise of social protests evolving into significant social movements worldwide and the ongoing movements in Armenia, it is crucial to investigate the protest potential within modern Armenian society.

    The article is based on secondary data analyses gathered using representative sampling for Armenia and implementing face-to-face interviews conducted by the Caucasus Research Resource Center Armenia (CRRC). The article aims to understand the potential of protests and the factors influencing individuals' inclination toward protest activities.

    One of the article's main findings is that more than half of the respondents show a propensity for engaging in protest actions. Additionally, several key variables emerge as significant factors influencing this inclination. Among them are sex, education, and marital status play pivotal roles in the decision-making process regarding participation in anti-government protests. Furthermore, place of residence appears to be a determinant, with urban dwellers exhibiting a greater predisposition toward participation in anti-government protests compared to their rural counterparts. There are several reasons why rural inhabitants tend to participate less in protests. Geographical distance, and cultural peculiarities, such as differing social values and community dynamics, may lead to less participation. Additionally, distrust toward main state institutions contributes to the perception that individuals should participate in anti-government protests. Moreover, the study demonstrates that citizens' perceptions of state unfairness and institutional disregard are more significant drivers of potential protest activity than economic conditions.

    References

    Andreasyan, Zh., Derlugyan G. (2015) Armenia’s Fuel Protests, New Left Review (September/October). Accessed 20.10.2024. https://newleftreview.org/issues/ii95/articles/georgi-derluguian-zhanna-andreasyan-armenia-s-fuel-protests

    Azatyan O. (2022) On the issues of social movements in Armenia: civic influence or a step towards democratization? Journal of Political Science: Bulletin of Yerevan University, Vol. 1, No. 1, May 2022, pp. 107-118.

    CRRC ARMENIA https://www.caucasusbarometer.org/en/cb2021am/

    Dalton R. (2008). Citizenship Norms and the Expansion of Political Participation. Political Studies, 56(1), pp. 76-98.

    Della Porta D.; Diani M. (2006) An introduction: Social movements, Second Edition, Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

    Grande E., Gonzatti S.D. (2024) A Revolt of the Distrustful? Political Trust, Political Protest and the Democratic Deficit. WZB Berlin Social Science Center.

    Horn J. (2013) Gender and social movements: Overview report. Brighton, England: Institute of Development Studies.

    Ishkanian A. (2015) Self-determined citizens? A new wave of civic activism in Armenia, Accessed 25.10.2024. https://www.opendemo-cracy.net/en/selfdetermined-citizens-new-wave-of-civic-activism-in-armenia/.

    Luhmann N. (2017) Trust and Power. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

    Manukyan S. (2023) The structural model of dynamics of political loyalty of Yerevan population, Journal of Sociology. YSU, pp. 7-27, p7.

    Melucci A. (1988) Getting Involved: Identity and Mobilization in Social Movements, International Social Movements Research, Vol. 1, Jai Press Inc., England.

    Trachtman S., Anzia F.S., Hill Ch. (2023) Age-group identity and political participation// Research and Politics, pp 1-8.

    Tilly, C., Tarrow, S. (2015). The politics of social protest: Comparative perspectives on states and social movements, Westview Press.

    Weipert-Fenner, I., Rossi, F. M., Sika, N., & Wolff, J. (2024). Trust and social movements: A new research agenda. International Journal of Comparative Sociology, https://doi.org/10.1177/00207152241246216

Social Work and Social Technologies

  • Social Work and Social Technologies

    THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE INTEGRATED SOCIAL SERVICES SYSTEM IN ARMENIA

    Yevgine Vardanyan
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    Abstract

    There are many approaches in the literature that describe the integrated social services concept and analyze the processes, mechanisms and the purposes of integrating social and/or other multispectral services. The models of integration are also the object of some analysis, but still there is a lack of description of the services’ integration models, and a necessity in clearly defining and describing them. The article comes to fulfill this gap, and also to analyze the experience of the Republic of Armenia in integrating social services. The reform lasted almost 10 years, and still the country struggles the difficulties in ensuring the effectiveness and accessibility of those services. Hence, the article is aimed at revealing the main problems and omissions that have occurred and still exist within the frame of the reform. For achieving the main goals proposed for the article, the following research methods have been used: documentary analysis, focus group discussions, and participant observation. The main results of the research make obvious that Armenia passed two main phases for integrating social services. During the first phase the country was able to ensure only co-location of the state agencies that were responsible for provision of social services, locating them in one building with one reception, but no more. For fulfilling the reform, the second phase of integration was launched in 2021, and during that phase the integration was performed with the usage of the principles of structural and functional changes as a model of integrating social service. Meanwhile, for making the whole system work, Armenia needs to go forward and achieve also integration of the procedures, protocols and databases of the services, as well as ensuring the change in the cultural and organizational norms of the newly established system, enhancing cooperation and partnership between the staff of integrated services. This will certify the implementation of another model of integrating social services that is full integration model.

    References

    Antonyan, M. (2014). The challenges of the conceptual and systematic reforms of the social services’ organization and provision processes in RA (in Armenian). Social policy and social work practice in Armenia: current developments: 122-137.

    Hutson, R.Q. (2004). Providing comprehensive, integrated social services to vulnerable children and families. Center for Law and Social Policy.

    ILO (2022) Integrated approach in social policy and employment programs in Armenia, report.

    Heidenrich M., Rice D. (2016). Integrating social and employment policies in Europe, Elgar Publishing.

    Minasyan A. (2013). Current reforms of the social sphere in Armenia: Concrete steps in integrating social services (in Armenian). The Theory, education and practice of social work in the context of current reforms: 130-135.

    Montero A.L, Duijin S., Zonneveld N., Minkman M., Nies H. (2016). Integrated Social Services in Europe, European Social Network.

    Munday B. (2007). Integrated Social Services in Europe. Strasburg: Council of Europe Publications.

    Scoppetta A., Sandu V. (2022). Improving coordination of social protection and employment service delivery in Armenia and Tajikistan, Vienna.

  • Social Work and Social Technologies

    EXPLORING THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON THE MENTAL HEALTH OF NGO STAFF IN BANGLADESH, FOCUSING ON STRESS AND COPING

    Shajeda Begum, Rubayat Kabir , Md Sanaul Haque Mondal
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    Abstract

    Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) played a pivotal role during the COVID-19 pandemic by being at the forefront of responding to the global upsurge in humanitarian needs. The purpose of this study is to find out the factors associated with stress among NGO staff due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This study employed qualitative phenomenological research design and the data were collected using in-depth interviews from fifteen NGO staff. Thematic analysis technique was adopted for the data analysis. This study identified numerous stressors, including challenges of work-life balance, social isolation, and access to treatment facilities. Seven out of fifteen respondents stated that the extended hours they worked during COVID-19 had an impact on their ability to maintain a healthy work-life balance. The majority of the respondents felt anxious about getting access to treatment facilities during the COVID-19 pandemic due to higher treatment costs and limited treatment facilities. The respondents used a variety of coping mechanisms to deal with these stressors, including communicating and spending time with friends and family members, and engaging in fun activities such as watching movies, crafting, gardening, and reading. NGO staff’s daily lives and their mental health were severely impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study recommends the need to assess the stress of NGO staff so that early measures can be taken by concerned NGO agencies, such as employers, to take proactive measures to mitigate their stress during pandemics or other emergencies.

    References

    Adams-Prassl, A., Boneva, T., Golin, M., & Rauh, C. (2022). The impact of the coronavirus lockdown on mental health: Evidence from the United States. Economic Policy, 37(109), 139–155.

    Banerjee, D., Sathyanarayana Rao, T., Kallivayalil, R. A., & Javed, A. (2021). Psychosocial framework of resilience: Navigating needs and adversities during the pandemic, a qualitative exploration in the Indian frontline physicians. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 622132.

    Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101.

    Das, R., Hasan, M. R., Daria, S., & Islam, M. R. (2021). Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health among general Bangladeshi population: A cross-sectional study. BMJ Open, 11(4), e045727.

    Giorgi, G., Lecca, L. I., Alessio, F., Finstad, G. L., Bondanini, G., Lulli, L. G., Arcangeli, G., & Mucci, N. (2020). COVID-19-related mental health effects in the workplace: A narrative review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(21), 7857.

    Hasnath, S. A., & Baser, S. (2024). The Role of NGOs in Bangladesh during the COVID-19 Pandemic Followed by the Floods in the Northern Districts.

    Islam, S. D.-U., Bodrud-Doza, M., Khan, R. M., Haque, M. A., & Mamun, M. A. (2020). Exploring COVID-19 stress and its factors in Bangladesh: A perception-based study. Heliyon, 6(7), e04399.

    Jiao, W. Y., Wang, L. N., Liu, J., Fang, S. F., Jiao, F. Y., Pettoello-Mantovani, M., & Somekh, E. (2020). Behavioral and emotional disorders in children during the COVID-19 epidemic. The Journal of Pediatrics, 221, 264–266.

    Kabir, R., Sultana, M. Z., Mondal, M. S. H., & Kabir, I. (2023). Undergraduate Student’s Stress, Anxiety, Depression, and their Coping styles during COVID-19. Mental Health: Global Challenges, 6(1), 67–76.

    Khatun, M. F., Parvin, M. F., Rashid, M. M., Alam, M. S., Kamrunnahar, M., Talukder, A., Rahman Razu, S., Ward, P. R., & Ali, M. (2021). Mental health of physicians during COVID-19 outbreak in Bangladesh: A web-based cross-sectional survey. Frontiers in Public Health, 9, 592058.

    Labannaya, F. H., & Mondal, M. S. H. (2024). Experiences of intimate partner violence among the currently married Rohingya women in Bangladesh: Perceived causes, mental health consequences and help seeking behavior. Community Psychology in Global Perspective, 10(1).

    Lee, J. (2020). Mental health effects of school closures during COVID-19. The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health, 4(6), 421.

    Mikołajczak, P. (2021). What affects employment by NGOs? Counteraction to precarious employment in the Polish non-profit sector in the perspective of COVID-19 pandemic crises. Oeconomia Copernicana, 12(3), 761–788.

    Naser, A. Y., Dahmash, E. Z., Al‐Rousan, R., Alwafi, H., Alrawashdeh, H. M., Ghoul, I., Abidine, A., Bokhary, M. A., AL‐Hadithi, H. T., & Ali, D. (2020). Mental health status of the general population, healthcare professionals, and university students during 2019 coronavirus disease outbreak in Jordan: A cross‐sectional study. Brain and Behavior, 10(8), e01730.

    Okafor, C. N., Bautista, K. J., Asare, M., & Opara, I. (2022). Coping in the time of COVID-19: Buffering stressors with coping strategies. Journal of Loss and Trauma, 27(1), 83–91.

    Osborn, D. S., Hayden, S. C., Marks, L. R., Hyatt, T., Saunders, D., & Sampson, J. P. (2022). Career practitioners’ response to career development concerns in the time of COVID‐19. The Career Development Quarterly, 70(1), 52–66.

    Papandrea, D. (2020). Managing work-related psychosocial risks during the COVID-19 pandemic. ILO. https://www.ilo.org/global/topics/safety-and-health-at-work/resources-library/publications/WCMS_748638/lang--en/index.htm

    Power, K. (2020). The COVID-19 pandemic has increased the care burden of women and families. Sustainability: Science, Practice and Policy, 16(1), 67–73.

    Rajkumar, R. P. (2020). COVID-19 and mental health: A review of the existing literature. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 52, 102066.

    Repon, M. A. U., Pakhe, S. A., Quaiyum, S., Das, R., Daria, S., & Islam, M. R. (2021). Effect of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health among Bangladeshi healthcare professionals: A cross-sectional study. Science Progress, 104(2), 00368504211026409.

    Shuvo, N. A., & Mondal, M. S. H. (2022). Factors associated with intention to take COVID-19 vaccine among the university students in Bangladesh. Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research, 11(3), 274–284.

    Singh, S., Roy, D., Sinha, K., Parveen, S., Sharma, G., & Joshi, G. (2020). Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations. Psychiatry Research, 293, 113429.

    Uddin, M. (2021). Addressing work‐life balance challenges of working women during COVID‐19 in Bangladesh. International Social Science Journal, 71(239–240), 7–20.

    Verma, R., Balhara, Y. P. S., & Gupta, C. S. (2011). Gender differences in stress response: Role of developmental and biological determinants. Industrial Psychiatry Journal, 20(1), 4.

Sociology of Management

  • Sociology of Management

    FACTORS PREDICTING PUBLIC PERCEPTIONS ABOUT THE IMPACT OF COMMUNITY ENLARGEMENT IN SETTLEMENTS OF RA

    Vahan Yengidunyan
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    Abstract

    In 2022, the elections of local self-government bodies in the Republic of Armenia ended the process of community enlargement, which was started in 2011.The community enlargement process deviated several times from the initial implementation methodology, and was conceptually revised in 2018 after the velvet revolution. Currently, multiple deviations and changes from the prescribed approaches have created a situation where a number of communities have been enlarged using the pre-2018 methodology and the rest using the post-2018 methodology. As a result, there was no coincidence that complaints arose, especially among the population of small rural settlements related to the possible deterioration of the socio-economic condition of settlements, the weakening of local self-governance and the disproportionate increase of dependence on large settlements. Illegitimate communal enlargement implies an uncontrollable increase of mistrust among the population towards the policies implemented at the local level and those who implement them, which can lead to the disruption of public life. In this context, the lack of knowledge related to the public perceptions of the changes implemented in the enlarged communities, especially in the context of the discussed problems and the risks arising from them, makes the implementation of research aimed at clarifying the abovementioned issue more than relevant. In April-June 2024, a survey was conducted in the enlarged communities of RA, with the aim of identifying, in addition to a number of research problems, public perceptions of the impact of community enlargement in individual settlements and the factors affecting them. As a result of the ordinal regression analysis carried out in this context, it becomes clear that among a number of research variables, only social capital, place leadership and population dispersion index in enlarged communities meet the statistical assumptions for inclusion in the specified regression model. The odds ratios calculated in the later stages of the model construction show that in the case of social capital, place leadership and dispersion index, the transition to each next category increases the probability of recording positive perceptions of community enlargement among the population. Thus, the proposed hypothesis is also confirmed, according to which: Each 1-level increase in social capital, place leadership and dispersion index in enlarged communities increases the probability of recording positive perceptions of community enlargement impact among residents.

    References

    Denham, B. E. (2016). Ordinal Logistic Regression. In Categorical Statistics for Communication Research (1st ed., pp. 171–197). Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119407201

    Mashayekh-Amiri, S., Hosseinzadeh, M., Jafarabadi, M. A., Soltani, S., & Mirghafourvand, M. (2023). Examining psychometric properties of the Iranian version of exclusive breastfeeding social support scale (EBFSS). BMC Psychology, 11(1), 234. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-023-01262-8

    Petrosyan, S. M., & Khachatryan, H. G. (2021). The process of community enlargement in the context of strengthening the financial capacity of communities. Регион и Мир, 4, 137–142.

    Խաչատրյան Հ. Գ. (2020). Համայնքների խոշորացման ազդեցությունը համայնքի բյուջեի եկամուտների ծախսերի վրա (Շողակաթ խոշորացված համայնքի օրինակով). Регион и Мир, 5, 156–161.

    Խաչիկյան Ս., Մովսիսյան Մ., Քամալյան Հ., Գեղամյան Բ., Սարգսյան Ա., & Պապոյան Տ. (2021). ՀՀ տարածքային կառավարման համակարգի հեռանկարները՝ տեխնոլոգիական գործիքակազմի ներդրմամբ. Տնտեսագետ. https://doi.org/10.52174/978-9939-61-229-4

    Հովակիմյան Ա., Կարապետյան Ծ., Սիրոյան Գ., Ֆիդանյան Լ., & Խաչատրյան Մ. (2021). Միջհամայնքային համագործակցության առանձնահատկությունները ՀՀ Վայոց ձորի մարզի տնտեսական զագացման համատեքստում. Տնտեսագետ. https://doi.org/10.52174/978-9939-61-222-5

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