Banber Erevani hamalsarani. Sots'iologia.
| E - ISSN | : | 2738-263X |
| P - ISSN | : | 2579-2938 |
About the Journal
The journal publishes papers on sociological and interdisciplinary analysis of actual problems of the modern society, without limiting its scope of interests with any particular direction. We are interested in both theoretical and applied research studies focused on contemporary issues in the field of social work and social administration.
Current Issue
Vol. 16 No. 2(42) (2025)
Full Issue
Sociology of Conflict and Crisis
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Sociology of Conflict and Crisis
IN SEARCH OF POLITICAL WILL: COMBATING EMERGING SECURITY THREATS IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
AbstractThe paper examines how political will may limit state power in tackling new security threats in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). It identifies the multiple security challenges and how these are exacerbated by limited commitment (or a lack of it) by political actors, who could employ proactive or creative policy action or programs to tackle security crises on the sub-continent. Drawing from a repertoire of existing literature and theorizing political and national security, the paper presents a textual analysis of the situation, arguing that military power or capacity is significantly enhanced or limited by the political action of leaders in SSA countries. It recommends, among others, proactive political action and a comprehensive approach, given the complex nature of the situation, in tackling conventional and emerging security threats on the sub-continent.
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Kaledzi, I. (2022). Political Dynasties Fueling Crises in Africa. Accessed on
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Ojewale, O. (2024). We don’t Have Government Here: Banditry and the Polycrisis of Governance in
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Okoli, A.C. and Ogayi, C.O. (2018). Herdsmen Militancy and Humanitarian Crisis in Nigeria: A
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The Sun (2023). Bandits Display New Naira Notes, Mock FG in Viral Video. Accessed on
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Sociology of Conflict and Crisis
HELPING PROFESSIONS IN A NEW WAR REALITY: EDUCATION TRENDS
AbstractEvery crisis brings new challenges for the helping professionals: physicians, social workers, psychologists, as well as pedagogues and communication specialists. The new reality requires changes in the education system to help professionals by integrating new skills and competencies into their professiograms. Helping professionals have to be prepared to work in unusual physical conditions, threats and uncertainty, develop competence to act in emergencies to increase the safety of their beneficiaries. Lack of such skills not only makes the intervention complicated for helping professionals but also worsens the consequences of the crisis for society. This article examines the experience of helping professionals in Armenia, who were actively engaged in the processes of support and assistance to the people of concern throughout numerous crises that have happened in Armenian society since 2020: Covid-19 pandemic, the 44-day war in Artsakh (Nagorno-Karabakh), and the forcible displacement of Armenians from Artsakh to Armenia. The qualitative research unveiled the skill gaps that made the crisis response efforts more challenging for the helping professionals. Based on these findings the authors drafted the recommendations aimed at refining the education of helping professionals. Global crises have become a new normal, making crisis-management skills essential for helping professionals as the required support shifts across stages - from medical and social aid to social-psychological and then psychological assistance - demanding an intersectional, multidisciplinary response. Educating specialists for crisis-shaped environments requires updating professiograms to include rapid response, ethical and clear communication, trust-building, empathy, stress and trauma management, teamwork, volunteer engagement, and professional self-care. These suggestions entail adjustments and enhancements to their skill sets and competencies, as well as revisions to their professional frameworks
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Sociology of Conflict and Crisis
NAVIGATING A GLOBAL CRISIS AWAY FROM HOME: CHALLENGES AND COPING MECHANISMS OF FOREIGN NATIONALS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN SOUTH AFRICA
AbstractThis paper looks at the experiences of foreign nationals in South Africa during the COVID-19 lockdown by exploring the challenges they faced and the coping mechanisms they employed. The COVID-19 lockdown affected almost everyone living in South Africa, but foreign nationals who often have pre-existing vulnerabilities seem to have been severely affected. Existing studies show the impact of COVID-19 on locals, and limited research shows the impacts of the lockdown on foreign nationals and how they handled such challenges in South Africa. This paper uses the social networks theory to understand how foreign nationals have dealt with COVID-19-induced challenges. Methodologically, the paper used qualitative methodology where data was collected through document analysis and in-depth interviews with foreign nationals from various African countries. The key findings are that foreign nationals faced challenges like limited access to healthcare facilities, hunger, loss of employment, xenophobia and their social networks helped them to cope with these challenges. The paper concludes that the South African government lacked the political will to handle the challenges faced by foreign nationals during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, the government should show political will in future pandemics or state of emergency by ensuring that what it promises, its policies and its practice align.
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Meghan, B., Batalova, J., Davidoff-Gore., S., & Schmidt, T. (2021). COVID-19 and the state of global mobility in 2020. www.migrationpolicy.org.
Mehlwana, L. (2021). Foreign nationals speak out on unfair health treatment. Daily Maverick, 9 March 2021. https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2021-03-09-foreign-nationals-speak-out-on-unfair-health-treatment/.
Modisenyane, M., Madikezela, L., Mngemane, S., Ramadan, O. P., Matlala, M., McCarthy, K., Govender, N., Nemungadi, T., & Silal, S.P. (2022). COVID-19 response in South African communities: Screening, testing, tracing and movement modelling. South African Medical Journal, 112(5b), 366. https://doi.org/10.7196/SAMJ.2022.v112i5b.16072.
Msabah, B.A. (2022). When are you going back to your country?: The refugee phenomenon and the complexity of healthcare services in South Africa. Black Theology, 20(1), 78-90. https://doi.org/10.1080/14769948.2022.2041777.
Muchemwa, M. (2017). Exploring social networks of Zimbabwean migrants in residential choice and integration in Hilbrow, Johannesburg. Masters Dissertation, University of Johannesburg.
Muchemwa, M., & Batisai, K. (2023). Social networks and residential choice: Zimbabwean migrants’ experiences in Hillbrow, Johannesburg. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 10, 101090. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2024.101090.
Mukumbang, F.C., Ambe, A.N., & Adebiyi, B.O. (2020). Unspoken inequality: how COVID-19 has exacerbated existing vulnerabilities of asylum-seekers, refugees, and undocumented migrants in South Africa. International Journal of Equity Health 19, 141. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-020-01259-4.
Mushomi, J.A., Palattiyil, G., Bukuluki, P., Sidhva, D., Myburgh, N.D., Nair, H., Mulekya-Bwambale, F., Tamuzi, J.L., & Nyasulu, P.S. (2022). Impact of coronavirus disease crisis on migrants on the move in Southern Africa: Implications for policy and practice. Health Systems and Reform, 8(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1080/23288604.2021.2019571.
Mutekwe, P. (2022). Analysing the role and experiences of foreign nationals in South Africa during the Covid-19 pandemic. Johannesburg. Centre for Social Change; University of Johannesburg. https://www.uj.ac.za/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/experiences-of-foreign-nationals-in-sa-final-draft-csc.pdf.
New York Post. (20 May 2020). Migrants and those without ID face hunger in South Africa. https://nypost.com/2020/05/20/migrants-and-those-without-id-face-hunger-in-south-africa/.
Ngcobo, T. E., & Mashau, T.D. (2022). The agency of the church during COVID-19 and beyond: Koinonia and ubuntu in the context of poverty and unemployment in South Africa. HTS Theological Studies, 78(4), 1-8. https://dx.doi.org/10.4102/hts.v78i4.7414
Nystrom, D. (2012). Bonds of opportunity or constraint? Understanding the impact and use of social networks amongst urban migrants in Johannesburg. MA Dissertation, University of the Witwatersrand.
Olivier, M., & Govindjee, A. (2022). Asylum seekers in South Africa and COVID-19: A catalyst for social security law reform?’, South African Journal on Human Rights, 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1080/02587203.2022.2047772.
Ryan, L. (2011). Migrants' social networks and weak ties: Accessing resources and constructing relationships post-migration. The Sociological Review, 1(59),: 707–724. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-954X.2011.02030.x.
Ryan, L., Sales, R., Tilki, M., & Siara, B. (2008). Social networks, social support, and social capital: Polish migrants in London. Sociology, 42 (4),: 672–690. https://doi.org/10.1177/0038038508091622.
Sanfelici, M. (2021). The impact of the COVID-19 crisis on marginal migrant populations in Italy. American Behavioral Scientist, 00(0), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1177/00027642211000413.
Satsatin, K. A. C., Latayan, J. C., Jr., F. P. P., Sapin, S. B., & Tesoro, J. F. B. (2023). Lived Experiences of Social Studies Teachers Conducting Hybrid Classes Amidst COVID-19 Pandemic. Advanced Qualitative Research, 1(2), 17–27. https://doi.org/10.31098/aqr.v1i2.1589.
SCCT. (2020). COVID-19 lockdown: Important information for refugees and migrants in South Africa. https://www.scalabrini.org.za/news/covid_info/.
Schotte, S., & Zizzamia, R. (2022). The livelihood impacts of COVID-19 in urban South Africa: A view from below. Social Indicators Research, 165(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-022-02978-7.
Solidar. (2020). Briefing Paper #95 Protecting the most vulnerable in society: Migration and COVID-19. https://reliefweb.int/report/world/briefing-paper-95-protecting-most-vulnerable-society-migration-and-COVID-19.
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Walker, R., Vearey, J., & Maple, N. (2021). Migrants and the COVID-19 vaccine roll-out in Africa: Hesitancy and exclusion. Occasional Paper #1. Migration & Coronavirus in Southern Africa. https://www.mahpsa.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/MiCoSA-Migrants-the-COVID-19-vaccine-OccasionalPaper-June2021.pdf.
World Bank. (2020). COVID-19 crisis through a migration lens. Migration and development. https://www.knomad.org/sites/default/files/202006/R8_Migrationpercent26Remittances_brief32.pdf.
Sociological Theory and Practice
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Sociological Theory and Practice
DIGITAL NOMADS AS POLITICAL FACTOR AND A HYPOTHETICAL POLITICAL ACTOR
AbstractDigital nomadism is a relatively recent yet rapidly expanding phenomenon characterized by a form of mobility in which work becomes location-independent and everyday life is organized through continuous movement. As a distinct group within contemporary cross-border migration processes, digital nomads appear not only as objects of state and institutional policies but also display elements of political agency. This article supplements existing multi-level analytical frameworks for studying migration by introducing several conflict-laden themes and proposing a typology that captures the internal heterogeneity of the category commonly identified as “digital nomads.” Such heterogeneity reveals differentiated value orientations within neo-nomadic communities and enables preliminary assumptions regarding potential political platforms corresponding to these orientations. Noting the absence of political forces within existing nation-states capable of representing some of these interests, the article explores the possibilities for digital nomads to emerge as political actors through participation in new, network-based forms of organization and self-organization.
ReferencesBauman, Z. (2007). Liquid Times: Living in an age of Uncertainty (Repr). Cambridge: Polity Press.
Beno, M. (2021). E-working: Country Versus Culture Dimension. Agris on-line Papers in Economics and Informatics, 13(2), pp. 23-34. DOI:10.7160/aol.2021.130202.
Benson, M., O’Reilly K. (2018). Lifestyle Migration and Colonial Traces in Malaysia and Panama. Imprint: Palgrave Macmillan.
Cohen, S. (2010). Re-conceptualising lifestyle travellers: contemporary 'drifters'. Beyond Backpacker Tourism: Mobilities and Experiences (eds. Hannam, K. & Diekmann, A.). Channel View Publications, Clevedon, pp. 64-84.
Cook, D. (2020). The freedom trap: digital nomads and the use of disciplining practices to manage work/leisure boundaries. Information Technology & Tourism, 22(3), DOI:10.1007/s40558-020-00172-4.
Cook, D. (2022). Breaking the Contract: Digital Nomads and the State. Critique of Anthropology, 42(3), pp. 304-323. DOI: 10.1177/0308275X221120172.
Cook, D. (2023). What Is a Digital Nomad? Definition and Taxonomy in the era of Mainstream Remote Work. World Leisure Journal 65 (2), pp. 256-275. https://doi.org/10.1080/16078055.2023.2190608.
Deleuze, G., Guattari, F. (2010). Nomadology: The War Machine Wormwood Distribution. Seattle, WA.
Dizikes, P. (2010). Understanding anti-immigrant sentiment. MIT News. 19.02.2010. URL: https://news.mit.edu/2010/anti-immigrant-sentiment-0219.
Diligenskij, G. (2007). Socio-political psychology / Social`no-politicheskaya psixologiya. Moskva: Nauka (In Russian).
Dreher, N., Triandafyllidou, A. (2025). Understanding digital nomadism: a three-level framework for migration studies. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 51, pp. 4801-4820. DOI: 10.1080/1369183X.2025.2517353.
Engebrigtsen, A.I. (2017). Key figure of mobility: the nomad. Social Anthropology, 25, pp.42-54. DOI: 10.1111/1469-8676.12379.
Fedorchenko, S.N. (2020). Autocracy in the Digital Universe: Prospects and Threats of Political Legitimacy / Avtokratiya v cifrovoj vselennoj: perspektivy` i ugrozy` politicheskoj legitimacii. Zhurnal politicheskix issledovanij. 4(4), pp.12-24. (In Russian) https://doi.org/10.12737/2587-6295-2020-12-24.
Ferriss, T. (2009). The 4-hour workweek: escape 9–5, live anywhere, and join the new rich. New York. Crown Publishers.
Forget, C. (2023). Home(less) on Wheels: Mobile Lifestyles in North America. Mobility Humanities, 2(2), pp. 7-26, DOI: 10.23090/MH.2023.07.2.2.007.
Hannonen, O. (2020). In Search of a Digital Nomad: Defining the Phenomenon. Information Technology & Tourism, 22 (3), pp. 335-353. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40558-020-00177-z.
Hary, K.C., Triandafyllidou, A. (2025). Digital Nomadism and the Emergence of Digital Nomad Visas: What Policy Objectives Do States Aim to Achieve? International Migration Review, 1-22, https://doi.org/10.1177/01979183241306367.
Hayes, M. (2014). ‘We Gained a Lot over What We Would Have Had’: The Geographic Arbitrage of North American Lifestyle Migrants to Cuenca, Ecuador. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 40(12), pp. 1953-1971. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2014.880335.
Hope, J., Ludlow, P. (2025). Farewell to Westphalia: Crypto Sovereignty and Post-Nation-State Governance. Logo Press Engine.
Howarth, A., Heiskanen, J., Steglich, S., Manchanda, N., Bencherif, A. (2024). Nomads’ Land: Exploring the Social and Political Life of the Nomad Category. International Political Sociology, 18(4). https://doi.org/10.1093/ips/olae034.
Madison, G. (2006). Existential Migration. Existential Analysis, 17.2, pp. 238-60.
Makimoto, T., Manners, D. (1997). Digital nomad. Wiley.
Makinen, J. (2024). Cultural Integration of Digital Nomads in Thailand Integrating Western Cultural Values with Thai Culture through Adaptation Strategies. The University of Turku.
Mancinelli, F., Molz, J. (2023). Moving with and against the State: Digital Nomads and Frictional Mobility Regimes. Mobilities, 19 (2), pp. 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1080/17450101.2023.2209825.
Mancinelli, F., Salazar, N. (2023). Introduction: Understanding Neo-nomadic Mobilities beyond Self-actualisation. Mobility Humanities, 2(2), pp. 1-6, DOI: 10.23090/MH.2023.07.2.2.001.
Mendelovich, S. (2025). Tailor-made nationalism: digital nomads and the crafting of national identity. Mobilities, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1080/17450101.2025.2485288.
Neklessa, A.I. (2018). The crisis of history. The world as an unfinished project / Krizis istorii. Mir kak nezavershenny`j proekt. Polis. Politicheskie issledovaniya, 1, pp. 80-95. (In Russian) https://doi.org/10.17976/jpps/2018.01.06.
Pshavela, V. (1964). Cosmopolitanism and Patriotism. Translated by Rebecca Gould. Originally published as Vazha-Pʻshavela, Tʻxzulebatʻa sruli krebuli atʻ tomad.Tbilisi: Sabchʻotʻa Sakʻartʻvelo,), 9: 252-254.
Rockeach, M. (1973). The Nature of Human Values. Free Press.
Rott, S. (2024). Spaceship Earth. A total institution. Ecological Economics, 223, 108243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2024.108243.
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Simova, T. (2023) A research framework for digital nomadism: a bibliometric study. World Leisure Journal, 65:2, 180, DOI: 10.1080/16078055.2022.2134200.
Srinivasan, B. (2022). The Network State in One Sentence. https://thenetworkstate.com/the-network-state-in-one-sentence
Webb, A. (2024). Digital nomadism and the challenge to social citizenship. Global Policy, 15, pp.301-313. DOI:10.1111/1758-5899.13377.
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Sociological Theory and Practice
STRATEGIC COORDINATION AND POLICY CAPACITY: EXECUTIVE INSTITUTIONS AS DRIVERS OF GOVERNANCE INNOVATION IN ARMENIA
AbstractThis article examines the transformation of executive institutions in the Republic of Armenia through the lens of political sociology, viewing them not merely as administrative structures but as arenas of struggle for symbolic and material capital, spaces for the reproduction of power relations, and agents of institutional change. Employing Bourdieu's neo-institutional optics, Evans's concept of state autonomy, and Mann's theory of state capacity, the study analyzes the dialectic between formal rules and informal practices in the process of administrative modernization. Particular attention is paid to the sociology of reform actors - the bureaucratic elite, the expert community, and international organizations - and the mechanisms of their interaction in the space of state policy. Empirical analysis reveals a contradiction between the discourse of modernization and practices of patrimonial governance, between the formal rationality of Weberian bureaucracy and personalized networks of influence. The study demonstrates that the success of administrative reforms is determined not by technical solutions but by profound transformations of the habitus of civil servants, the restructuring of power relations within the bureaucratic field, and changes in the symbolic economy of public administration. This analysis connects contemporary sociological frameworks with Armenia's ongoing executive authority reforms, examining how institutional design intersects with political culture and governance capacity in a post-Soviet context.
ReferencesAlessandro, M., & Lafuente, M. (2021). The Center of Government in Latin America. In The Emerald Handbook of Public Administration in Latin America (pp. 319-342). Emerald Publishing Limited.
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Asatryan, G. (2019). Public Administration Reform in Armenia: Challenges and Prospects. Yerevan State University Press.
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Bourdieu, P. (2014). On the State: Lectures at the Collège de France, 1989-1992. Polity Press.
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Börzel, T. A., & Schimmelfennig, F. (2022). Theorizing Limited EU Governance Transfer to the Southern and Eastern Neighborhood. Journal of European Integration, 44(3), 371-389.
Cairney, P. (2021). The Politics of Evidence-Based Policy Making. Palgrave Macmillan.
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Davis, K. E., Kingsbury, B., & Merry, S. E. (2012). Indicators as a Technology of Global Governance. Law & Society Review, 46(1), 71-104.
Delcour, L., & Wolczuk, K. (2021). The European Union's Democratization Agenda in the Eastern Partnership. Europe-Asia Studies, 73(1), 133-155.
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Evans, P. (1995). Embedded Autonomy: States and Industrial Transformation. Princeton University Press.
Evans, P., & Rauch, J. E. (1999). Bureaucracy and Growth: A Cross-National Analysis of the Effects of 'Weberian' State Structures on Economic Growth. American Sociological Review, 64(5), 748-765.
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Galstyan, H., & Hakobyan, T. (2021). Public Administration Reform in Armenia: Between Ambition and Reality. Armenian Political Science Association Journal, 15(2), 78-95.
Gans-Morse, J. (2022). Property Rights in Post-Soviet Russia: Violence, Corruption, and the Demand for Law. Cambridge University Press.
Gel'man, V. (2021). Bad Governance and State Capture: How Weak States Are Formed. University of Michigan Press.
Giraudy, A., Moncada, E., & Snyder, R. (2021). Subnational Research in Comparative Politics: Substantive, Theoretical, and Methodological Contributions. Cambridge University Press.
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Grzymala-Busse, A. (2007). Rebuilding Leviathan: Party Competition and State Exploitation in Post-Communist Democracies. Cambridge University Press.
Hale, H. E. (2015). Patronal Politics: Eurasian Regime Dynamics in Comparative Perspective. Cambridge University Press.
Hanson, S. E., & Kopstein, J. S. (1997). The Weimar/Russia Comparison. Post-Soviet Affairs, 13(3), 252-283.
Harutyunyan, A. (2021). Armenia's Velvet Revolution: Authoritarian Decline and Civil Resistance in a Multipolar World. Cambridge University Press.
Harutyunyan, K. (2023). Strategic Planning and Policy Coordination in Armenia: Institutional Gaps and Reform Pathways. Public Administration Issues, 7, 56-74.
Jessop, B. (2016). The State: Past, Present, Future. Polity Press.
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Lipsky, M. (2010). Street-Level Bureaucracy: Dilemmas of the Individual in Public Services (30th Anniversary Expanded Edition). Russell Sage Foundation.
Mahoney, J., & Thelen, K. (2010). Explaining Institutional Change: Ambiguity, Agency, and Power. Cambridge University Press.
Mann, M. (2012). The Sources of Social Power, Volume 2: The Rise of Classes and Nation-States, 1760-1914 (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press.
Markarov, A. (2020). Between Reform and Tradition: Armenia's Governance Challenges. Caucasus Survey, 8(3), 234-251.
Meyer, J. W., & Rowan, B. (1977). Institutionalized Organizations: Formal Structure as Myth and Ceremony. American Journal of Sociology, 83(2), 340-363.
Migdal, J. S. (2001). State in Society: Studying How States and Societies Transform and Constitute One Another. Cambridge University Press.
Mirzoyan, N. (2022). Public Service Reform in Post-Revolutionary Armenia: Challenges and Opportunities. International Journal of Public Administration, 45(12), 932-947.
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Mosse, D. (2005). Cultivating Development: An Ethnography of Aid Policy and Practice. Pluto Press.
Mosse, D. (2011). Introduction: The Anthropology of Expertise and Professionals in International Development. In D. Mosse (Ed.), Adventures in Aidland (pp. 1-31). Berghahn Books.
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Soifer, H. D. (2012). The Causal Logic of Critical Junctures. Comparative Political Studies, 45(12), 1572-1597.
Soifer, H. D. (2023). Measuring State Capacity: Assessing and Testing the Options. Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis, 25(1), 95-114.
Soifer, H. D., & Hau, M. V. (2022). Unpacking the Strength of the State: The Utility of State Infrastructural Power. Studies in Comparative International Development, 57, 353-376.
Soss, J., Fording, R., & Schram, S. F. (2011). Disciplining the Poor: Neoliberal Paternalism and the Persistent Power of Race. University of Chicago Press.
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Swartz, D. L. (2013). Symbolic Power, Politics, and Intellectuals: The Political Sociology of Pierre Bourdieu. University of Chicago Press.
Teets, J. C., & Hurst, W. (2020). State-Society Relations in China: Mapping the Recent Transformations. Routledge.
Thelen, K. (2004). How Institutions Evolve: The Political Economy of Skills in Germany, Britain, the United States, and Japan. Cambridge University Press.
Tilly, C. (1992). Coercion, Capital, and European States, AD 990-1992. Blackwell.
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Gender Studies
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Gender Studies
THE GENDERED CONSTRUCTION OF LEADERSHIP AND FOLLOWERSHIP IN ARMENIA’S EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM
AbstractThis article analyzes the gendered construction of leadership and followership within Armenia’s educational system, drawing on theoretical frameworks from gender studies and qualitative fieldwork conducted in public schools. Despite the heavy feminization of the teaching profession, authority and leadership in Armenian society remain culturally coded as masculine, producing a structural paradox in which women educators hold formal instructional authority yet encounter symbolic devaluation. Empirical findings from interviews and classroom observations show that these gendered expectations shape how authority is interpreted and enacted, particularly in male students’ varied acceptance or resistance to women as legitimate knowledge holders. The study demonstrates that gendered cultural norms continue to structure leader–follower relations in educational contexts and argues for a more critical engagement with how institutional practices reproduce or challenge patriarchal assumptions. The study contributes to scholarship on gender and educational leadership by demonstrating how cultural schemas and institutional norms continue to influence authority relations within Armenian schools
ReferencesAbrahamyan, L. (2006). Armenian identity in a changing world. Mazda Publishers.
Antonyan, Y. (2011). Religiosity and religious identity in Armenia: Some current models and developments. Acta Ethnographica Hungarica, 56(2), 315 - 332. https://doi.org/10.1556/AEthn.56.2011.2.4
Asian Development Bank. (2020). Armenia gender assessment. ADB.
Bass, B. M., & Riggio, R. E. (2006). Transformational leadership (2nd ed.). Psychology Press.
Bourdieu, P. (1990). The logic of practice. Stanford University Press.
Bourdieu, P. (1991). Language and symbolic power. Harvard University Press.
Bourdieu, P. (1992). An invitation to reflexive sociology. University of Chicago Press.
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