Vol. 11 No. 1 (31) (2020)

Articles

• Articles

  The Transformation of Urban Public Space of Post-Soviet Yerevan The Case of Northern Avenue

  Harutyun Vermishyan, Srbuhi Michikyan

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  Abstract

  The aim of this study is to diagnose the transformation of the structure of the public space of the Northern Avenue of Yerevan. The theoretical basis of this research is A. Lefebvre's theory of space production. The spatial triad (representations of space, representative space and spatial practice) by A. Lefebvre was used to identify the codes of social transformation of the public space of the Northern Avenue. The study was carried out using a tool developed within the framework of the methodology of narrative semiotics, which made it possible to identify the structural elements of the Northern Avenue, reflected in public experience. Methods used include observation, content analysis and traditional analysis of archival / administrative records and in-depth interviews with key informants. Diagnostics of the structure of the public space of Northern Avenue demonstrates the peculiarities of the formation of public space and the ideological transformations of the urban space of post-Soviet Yerevan.

  References

  Delanty, G., Isin, E. F. (2003) Handbook of Historical Sociology, US, p. 313.

  Lefebvre, H. (1991) The Production of Space, Oxford: Blackwell, p. 26.

  Tonnelat, S. (2010) The sociology of urban public space, In Wang Hongyang, SAVY Nichel and ZHAI Guofang (eds.), Territorial evolution and planning Solution: Experiences from China and France, Paris: Atlantis Press.

  Mehta, V. (2013) The Street: A Quintessential Social Public Space, London & New York: Routledge. Doi: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203067635

  Sargsyan, A. A., Hovsepyan E. V., Martirosyan M. V. (2000) A. Tamanyan 'The collection of documents and materials', RA SCI; Science, Yerevan, (in Armenian).

  Khan-Magmedov, S. (1996) Architecture of Soviet vanguard, book N2, Social Problems, Moscow, p. 360 (in Russian).

  Bunin, A. V. Savarentskaya T. F. (1979) City planning of the XX century in the capitalist countries, Moscow, p. 278 (in Russian).

  Ballon, H. & Jackson K. T. (2008) Robert Moses and the Modern City: The Transformation of New York, Journal Of Regional Science, vol. 48 (5), p. 1012. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9787.2008.00596_3.x

  Fishman, R. (1982) Urban Utopias in the Twentieth Century: Ebenezer Howard, Frank Lloyd Wright, and Le Corbusier. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press, p. 231

  Harvey, D. (2008) The right to the city, Logos 3 (66), p. 88-91 (in Russian)

  Jacobs, J. (1961) The Death And Life Of Great American Cities, Vintage Books; A Division of Random House, NY.

  Lefebvre, H. (2002) Ideas for the concept of New urbanism, Jour. Sociological education, Vol. 2(3), National Research University 'Higher School of Economics', (in Russian)

  See Gehl, J. (2011) Life between Buildings: Using Public Space, ISLAND PRESS, NW, Washington, pp. 9-14

  See Gehl, J. & Gemzoe L. (2004) Public Spaces, Public Life, Copenhagen, Danish Architectural Press & the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts, School of Architecture Publishers.

  Vakhshtain, V. (2014) Reassembly of the city: between language and space, Jour. Sociology of power, Vol. 2, p. 22-34 (in Russian)

  Tuan, Y.F. (1991) Space and Place: The perspective of experience, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1977.

  Lefebvre, H. (1992) The production of Space, Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 39-40, 245-247.

  Ticher, S., Meyer, M., Vodak, R. & Vetter, E. (2000) Methods of text and discourse analysis, SAGE Publications, p. 128-131.

  Clandinin, D.J. & Rosiek, J. (2007) Mapping a Landscape of Narrative Inquiry, Borderland Spaces and Tensions, in Handbook of Narrative Inquiry. Mapping a Methodology, Thousand Oaks, SAGE Publications. Doi: https://doi.org/10.4135/9781452226552

  Vermishyan, H. R., Balasanyan, S. A., Grigoryan, O. G. & Qerobyan, S. N. (2015) Local identities in Yerevan. Urban space structures: Collective monograph, YSU press, Yerevan, p. 71. (in Armenian)

  Baghshinyan, Z. T., Azibekyan, P. B., Markaryan, O. C., Arutunyan, B. M. & Babayan, L. M. (1951) Architecture of Soviet Armenia, Architecture and urban planning press, Moscow, p. 40 (in Russian)

  Arutunyan, B. M., Asatryan, M. M. & Melikyan, A. A. (1968) Yerevan, Construction literature press: Moscow, p. 302 (in Russian)

  Grigoryan, A. G. & Tovmasyan, M. L. (1986) Architecture of Soviet Armenia, Stroyizat: Moscow, p. 320. (in Russian)

  Minasyan E. (2017) The twentyfive-year path of the independent Republic of Armenia, A quartercentury of modern Armenian Republic: RA SCI Science, Yerevan, p. 16. (in Armenian)

  Vermishyan, H. R., Balasanyan, S. A., Grigoryan, O. G. & Qerobyan S. N. (2015) Local identities in Yerevan. Urban space structures: Collective monograph, YSU press, Yerevan, pp. 108-109. (in Armenian)

  Ticher, S., Meyer, M., Vodak, R. & Vetter, E. (2000) Methods of text and discourse analysis, SAGE Publications, pp. 128-131.

• Articles

  Tsakhkadzor: The Space оf “Other Spaces”

  Sona Saghatelyan

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  Abstract

  The relevance and application of Foucault's concept of "heterotopy" within the framework of the sociological understanding of modern urban space is substantiated. Based on the results of applied sociological research, an attempt was made to consider the space of the resort town and the urban municipal community of Tsaghkadzor as a heterotopy or space of other spaces. This approach allows us to identify the peculiarities of the combination of incongruous elements and, consequently, life contexts in a single space, which violate the seeming continuity and order of the ordinary everyday space.

  References

  Foucault, M. (1997) Of Other Spaces: Utopias and Heterotopias, Rethinking Architecture: A Reader in Cultural Theory. Edited by N. Leach. NYC: Routledge, p.330.

  Dehaene, M. Cauter, L. De (2008) Heterotopia and the City Public Space in a Postcivil Society. London: Routledge. Doi: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203089415

  Lax, S. (1998) Heterotopia from a Biological and Medical Point of View, Other Spaces: The Affair of Heterotopia. Ed. By R. Ritter and B. Knaller-Vlay. Graz, p. 115.

• Articles

  The Pubs оf Yerevan аs Spaces оf Post-Soviet Transformation

  Lilit Babayan

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  Abstract

  The article describes a study conducted in Yerevan (Armenia) of pubs as a specific urban space formed in the post-Soviet period. The aim of the study was to identify the codes of the post-Soviet transformation. Narrative interviews with pub founders were analyzed using Greimas's narrative semiotic analysis combined with Lefebvre's theory of space production. The results of the study showed that ideological transformations such as the movement from socialism to capitalism and from conservatism to liberalism were reflected in the way the owners conceived and designed the pub space.

  References

  Lefebvre, H. & Nicholson-Smith, D. (1991) The production of space, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing,

  Greimas, A. (2004) Strukturnaya semantika, poisk metoda, Moskow, Akademicheskii proekt.

  Škorić, M., Kišjuhas, A., Škorić J. (2013) 'Excursus on the Stranger' in the Context of Simmel’s Sociology of Space, University of Novi Sad, Serbia, Sociológia, Vol. 45, No. 6, pp. 589-602;

  Tilly Ch. (1974) An Urban World, Little, Brown, University of Michigan.

  Harvey, D. (2003) The right to the city. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 27, pp. 939-941. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0309-1317.2003.00492.x

  Güney Ü. (2015) Between Bohemia and Resistance: Immigrants’ Pubs In Hamburg‐Germany, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey.

  Wedemeyer G. (1990) Kneipe und politische Kultur, Pfaffenweiler,Germany: Centaurus Ver-lagsgesellschaft, 31

  Cabras I. & Mount M.P. (2017) How third places foster and shape community cohesion, economic development and social capital: The case of pubs in rural Ireland, Journal of Rural Studies, Volume 55, p. 73. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2017.07.013

  Park R. E. (1928) Human Migration and the Marginal Man, American Journal of Sociology33, No. 6, pp. 891-892. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1086/214592

  Gayo-Cal, M. (2006) Leisure and participation in Britain, Cultural Trends, 15:2-3, pp. 175-192. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/09548960600713015

  Järvinen M., Ellergaard Ch. H., & Larsen A. G. (2014) Drinking successfully: Alcohol consumption, taste and social status, Journal of Consumer Culture, Vol 14, Issue 3, pp. 384-405. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/1469540513491856

  Roberts M. & Townshend T. (2013) Young adults and the decline of the urban English pub: issues for planning, Planning Theory & Practice, 14:4, pp. 455-469. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/14649357.2013.845683

  Voslenskii M. (1990) Nomenklatura: Gospodstvuyuschii klass Sovetskogo Soyuza, Predislovie Milovana Djiliasa, Vtoroe izdanie, Overseas Publications Interchange Ltd London, p. 36.

  Castells M. (2010) The power of identity: with a neq preface, volume II, Second edition, Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 43-44

  Gaidar E.T. (2006) Gibel' imperii: uroki dlya sovremennoi Rossii. Moscow, ROSSPEN (Rossiiskaya politicheskaya enciklopediya), p. 158-173.

  Iskandaryan, A. (2009) Armeniya: udrevlenie moderna, Nacional'nye istorii na postsovetskom prostranstve -II, Pod. redakciei F. Bomsforda, G. G. Bordyugova, Moscow, Fond Fridrikha Naumana, AIRO-XXI, pp. 227-228.

  Zubkova, E. & Kupriyanov, A. (2003) Vozvrashenie k 'russkoi idee': krizis identichnosti nacional'naya istoriya, Nacional'nye istorii na postsovetskom prostranstve -II, Pod. redakciei F. Bomsforda, G. G. Bordyugova, Moscow, Fond Fridrikha Naumana, AIRO-XXI, p. 318.

• Articles

  Public Awareness and Participation in Local Selfgovernance in Armenia Comparative Analysis for 2015 and 2019

  Sonya Msryan

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  Abstract

  Raising public awareness and active participation in local self-government is a key component of governance instruments, public organizations and social initiatives in Armenia aimed at achieving “good governance” and strengthening democracy. However, there is no interest in the local self-government system in the Armenian society. This study analyzes the degree of public awareness of LSG and its participation in it in a comparative perspective for 2015 and 2019. In particular, the article is aimed at identifying the structure of the Armenian society using two main dimensions: public awareness of LSG and participation in LSG. For the existing variables, public participation in LSG was impossible to measure, while the result of measuring public awareness of LSG was sufficient. One separate variable was chosen as an indicator of participation in LSG. An index of public awareness about LSG was created. The cluster analysis revealed three clusters that make up society in 2015 and four clusters for 2019. The analysis showed that the overwhelming majority of the population has a low level of knowledge about LSG and public participation both in 2015 and 2019. In 2015, only 2.4% of the population had a high level of participation and awareness of LSG, which dropped to 1.8% in 2019.

  References

  Kosecik M. & Sagbas I. (2004) Public Attitudes to Local Government in Turkey: Research on Knowledge, Satisfaction and Complaints, Local Government Studies, 30: 3, pp. 360-383. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/0300393042000310444

  Bartoletti, R. & Faccioli, F. (2016) Public Engagement, Local Policies, and Citizens’ Participation: An Italian Case Study of Civic Collaboration, SI: Media, Participation and Social Change, pp. 1–11. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305116662187

  Dalton, R. J. (2008) Citizenship norms and the expansion of political participation, Political Studies, 56, pp. 76–98. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9248.2007.00718.x

  Rondinelli, A. D. (2006) Public administration and democratic governance: Governments serving citizens, United Nation Publications, United Neighborhood Centers of America.

  Inglehart, R. (2006) Mapping Global Values, Comparative Sociology 5 (2-3), pp. 115-136. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1163/156913306778667401

  Weßels, B. (2004) The development of civil society in Central and Eastern Europe: intermediary actors, trust and participation. In D. Gosewinkel, D. Rucht, W. van den Daele & J. Kocka (Edscivil) society – national und transnational, Berlin, pp. 173-199.

  Griesshaber, N. (2014) Forms of Civic Engagement and Corruption: Disentangling the Roles of Voluntary Associations, Elite challenging Mass Movements and the Type of Trust within Social Networks, World Values Research 7(1), pp. 1-23.

  O’Connell, M. (2003) Anti ‘Social Capital. Civic Values versus Economic Equality in the EU, European Sociological Review 19(3), Princeton, Princeton University Press, pp. 241-248. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/esr/19.3.241.

  Welzel, C., Inglehart, R. & Deutsch, F. (2005) Social Capital, Voluntary Associations and Collective Action: Which Aspects of Social Capital Have the Greatest ‘Civic’ Payoff?, Journal of Civil Society, 1(2), pp. 121-146. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/17448680500337475

  Gaventa J. & Barrett G. (2012) Mapping the Outcomes of Citizen Engagement, World Development Vol. 40, No. 12, pp. 2399–2410. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2012.05.014

  Kuehnast, K. (2001) Protection, Participation, and Public Awareness: Indonesia Coral Reef Rehabilitation and Management Project. Social Development Notes; No.57., Washington, The World Bank.

  Maykova E. & Simonova E. (2015) The Participation of Russian Citizens in Local Self-government: Potential and Real-life Social Practices, International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 5(Special Issue), pp.142-150.

  Merrifield, J. (2001) Learning Citizenship, Discussion Paper prepared for Institute of Development Studies Participation Group and Society for Participatory Research in Asia, London: Learning from Experiences Trust, Goldsmiths College.

  Esenaliev D. & Kisunko G. (2015) Local Budget Transparency and Participation Evidence from the Kyrgyz Republic, Policy Research Working Paper, World Bank Group. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-7154

  Salamadze, V. (2009) Citizen Participation in Self-Governance, Civil Society Institute.

  Sukiasyan M. (2016) Determining the Factors Influencing Residents’ Awareness and Knowledge about Local Self-Government Body’s Activities in Armenia, CRRC Armenia, Yerevan.

  Tavokol M. & Dennick R. (2011) Making sense of Cronbach’s alpha, International Journal of Medical Education, 2, pp.53-55. Doi: https://doi.org/10.5116/ijme.4dfb.8dfd

  Mazziotta M. & Pareto A. (2013) Methods for Constructing Composite Indices: one for all or all for one? Rivista Italiana di Economia Demografia e Statistica, Volume LXVII n. 2.

  Nicoletti G., Scarpetta S. & Boylaud O. (2000) Summary indicators of product market regulation with an extension to employment protection legislation, OECD, Economic De-partments Working Papers, No. 226, p. 86. Doi: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.201668

• Articles

  Roles Defined Through Language: A Comparative Analysis of Nouns Denoting Family Relations in Armenian, Italian and English Languages

  Ofelia Grigoryan

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  Abstract

  The article attempts to compare nouns expressing family relations in Armenian, Italian and English, and to identify the social foundations of their existence. The research methodology is based on the theoretical approaches of sociologists E. Giddens and B. Bernstein, which allow us to explain a number of thematic research issues. The article provides a comparative table of nouns expressing family relations in the three languages ​​under consideration, and gives a detailed interpretation of this in relation to a number of social characteristics

  References

  Coupland, N., Sarangi, S. & Candlin, C. (2001) Sociolinguistics and Social Theory, Longman, University of Michigan, p. 30.

  Levi-Strauss, Cl. (1951) Language and the Analysis of Social Laws, American Anthropologist, New Series, Vol. 53, No. 2, pp. 155-163. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/aa.1951.53.2.02a00010

  Coupland, N. (2007) Style: Language variation and identity, Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007, p. 128. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511755064

  Giddens, A. (1984) The Constitution of Society. Outline of the Theory of Structuration. University of California Press.

  Poole, M. (2013) Structuration Research on Group Communication, Management Communication Quarterly. 27, 4, pp. 607-614. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0893318913506265

  Poole, M. (1997) The Small Group Should Be the Fundamental Unit of Communication Research. In Trent, J. (Ed.), Communication: Views from the Helm for the 21st Century, Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon, pp. 94-97.

  McPhee, R., Poole, M. & Iverson, J. (2014) Structuration Theory In Putnam, L. & Mumby, D. (Ed.), The SAGE Handbook of Organizational Communication: Advances in Theory, Research and Methods, pp. 75-101.

  Albano, R., Masino, G. & Magi, B. (2010) The Relevance of Giddens' Struturation Theory for Organizational Research, TAO Digital Library, Bologna.

  Jones, M. R. & Karsten, H.(2008) Giddens’s Structuration Theory and Information Systems Research. MIS Quarterly, 32(1), 127–157. Doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/25148831

  Pozzebon, M. & Pinsonneault, A. (2005) Challenges in Conducting Empirical Work Using Structuration Theory: Learning from IT research. Organization Studies 26 (9), pp. 1353-1376. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0170840605054621

  Bernstein, B. (1971) Class, Codes and Control (Volume 1) Theoretical Studies Towards a Sociology of Language. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.

  Zhao, W (2014) The Implications of Bernstein’s Theory of Codes on Contemporary Chinese Education, Canadian Social Science Vol. 10, No. 6, pp. 99-103.

  Halliday, M. (2014) Language and the Theory of Codes. A. Sadovnik (Ed.) Knowledge and Pedagogy: The Sociology of Basil Bernstein. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group.

  Maton, K. & Muller, J. (2007) A sociology for the transmission of knowledges, Christie, F. & Martin, J. (eds) Language, Knowledge and Pedagogy. London, Continuum, pp. 14–33.

  Bernstein, B. (2010) A Public Language: Some Sociological Implications of a Linguistic Form, The British Journal of Sociology, Vol. 61. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-4446.2009.01240.x

  Bruner, J., Goodrow, J. & Austin, A. (1957) A Study of Thinking, Wiley. Doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/1292061

  Davis, A. et al (1951) Intelligence and Cultural Differences, University of Chicago Press.

  Bott, E. (2001) Family and Social Network: Roles, Norms and External Relationships in Ordinary Urban Families, Routledge, p.3.

  Bernstein, B. (1990) Class, Codes and Control (Volume 4) The Structuring of Pedagogic Discourse, p. 101.

  Newman, D. & Grauerholz, L. (2002) Sociology of Families, SAGE Publications, p. 7.

  Brown S. (2016) Relationship Terms, Oak Road Systems.

• Articles

  The Techniques of Upbringing Symbolism and Their Application in Public Communication

  Anna Aleksanyan

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  Abstract

  From a communicative point of view, modern education is a social challenge due to social interaction based on communication influences that go beyond the modern education system. In the context of changes taking place in various modern social processes that affect the formation and development of a personality, the study, identification and application of the new potential of upbringing is of particular importance. The article presents the features of education in the formal and informal educational spheres. The article discusses the methodological basis for studying the upbringing process and considers the problem that the upbringing process takes place not only in the target education system, but also spontaneously, and can be controlled voluntarily and with unpredictable consequences. Based on this, the need to study the technique of visualization of education is revealed, and the question of observing various applications of the visualization of education, especially in the field of public communication, is raised.

  References

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  Craig, R. T. (1999) Communication Theory as a Field. Communication Theory, 9 (2), pp. 119–161. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2885.1999.tb00355.x

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  Stolyarenko, A.M. (2006) Obshaya pedagogika, Moscow, YUNITI-DANA, p. 211.

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  Tolstoi, L.N. (1955) Sbornik statei. Posobie dlya uchitelya, Moscow, Gos. uchebno-pedagogicheskoe izdatel'stvo ministerstva prosvescheniya RSFSR, p. 32.

  Maslow, A.A. (1943) Theory of Human Motivation. Psychological Review, Vol. 50, No4, pp. 370–396. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1037/h0054346

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• Articles

  Principal Features of Family Social Capital in Russian Regions The Case of Vologda Region

  Tatiana Guzhavina

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  Abstract

  The article is devoted to the study of family social capital. On the basis of a theoretical model, based on the conceptual developments of J. Coleman and P. Bourdieu, an analysis of empirical data obtained in the course of a sociological study conducted in the Vologda Oblast was carried out. It was found that most of the families have the resources to form their social capital and invest in it. However, it is distributed extremely unevenly. A narrow radius of trust does not promote the growth of social capital. Its deficiency can further restrict its transmission to the next generations.

  References

  Liausheva, S.A. (2010) The influence of society modernization on the institution of the family, Bulletin of the Adygea State University. Series 1: Regional studies: philosophy, history, sociology, jurisprudence, political science, cultural science, No. 2, pp. 105-110.

  Hanifan, L.I. (1967) The Rural School. Community Center, Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, pp. 130–138. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/000271621606700118

  Coleman, J. (2001) Capital social and human, ONS, No. 3, pp. 120-139.

  Coleman, J.S. (1988) The Creation and Destruction of Social Capital: Implications for the Law, 3 Notre Dame J.L. Ethics & Pub. Policy, No 3, pp. 375 - 404.

  Bourdieu, P. (2002) Forms of capital, Economic Sociology, No. 5. pp. 60-75. Doi: https://doi.org/10.17323/1726-3247-2002-5-60-74

  Afanasyev, D.V., Guzhavina, T.A. & Mehova, A.A. (2016) Social capital in the region: on the issue of measuring and building an indicator model, Economic and social changes: facts, trends, forecast, No. 6, pp. 110-125. Doi: https://doi.org/10.15838/esc.2016.6.48.6

  Guzhavina, T.A. & Vorobyeva, I.N. (2017) The use of factor analysis in measuring social capital, Social space, No 4 (11), retrieved from: http://sa.vscc.ac.ru/article/2377

  Granovetter, M. (2009) Strength of weak ties, Economic Sociology, T. 10. No. 4, Pp. 31-50. Doi: https://doi.org/10.17323/1726-3247-2009-4-31-50

  Coleman, J. (2001) Capital social and human, ONS, No. 3, pp. 120-139.

  Putnam, R. (1995) Bowling Alone: America’s Declining Social Capital,Journal of Democracy, pp. 65-78. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1353/jod.1995.0002

  Sandefur, G., Meier, A. & Hernandez, P. (1999) Families, Social Capital, and Educational Continuation, CDE Working Paper No. 99-19, Center for Demography and Ecology. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin-Madison.

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