Vol. 20 No. 3 (21) (2016)

Understanding the notion of definition is a central issue in such scientific disciplines as Philosophy, Semantics, and Lexicography. The paper considers different types of definitions focusing on lexical definition, which is the main component of a dictionary entry. An attempt is made to designate lexical definition and stipulative definition as subcategories of word-thing definition.

In the paper an attempt is made to study political texts from the point of view of their modelling within the framework of cognitive linguistics. The idea was put forward by T. van Dijk, who together with the study of context or the communicative event or communicative situation with its various constituents, put emphasis also on the study of cognitive properties of participants, such as opinions, beliefs, values, knowledge.These all taken together provide the formation of a general social model.

In her last novel “Persuasion” Jane Austen speaks through the voice of Anne Elliot and discusses her feminist ideas rationally in the patriarchal English society. However, she speaks in such a voice that she keeps herself within the 18th century social boundaries.
The present paper is an attempt to study the importance of language through Austen’s feminist voice revealing Anne’s gradual maturity from a passive state to an active one when she speaks out loud declaring her feelings through language and knowing that she can become “somebody” only if she gets a voice. Our study aims to show that through Anne’s personage Jane Austen expresses her sympathy with the 18th century feminist movement against the narrow male understanding of female personality.

The paper examines comparison as an integral part of fictional-imaginative structure of a fairy tale. Comparisons in Spanish fairy tales are endowed with vivid imagery, deep emotions and expressiveness, and have a great cognitive and aesthetic value. They have a huge role as a text-structuring tool acting not only as a stylistic device but also as an important component of the plot. The use of comparisons together with other stylistic devices in the fairy tales is varied and harmonious.

In the paper the lexical syntagm with the suffix -able/-ible is studied in modern political discourse. The study is carried out from the perspective of morphological and syntactic realizations in the context of political speech and focuses on the characteristics of meaning of the given type of lexical syntagm which are conditioned by the above-mentioned aspects and are necessary for the realization of the political addresser’s idea and intent.

Virtual distance gives the communicators the opportunity to implement different linguistic means due to which new conversational strategies are used. Flaming is one of the aforementioned conversational strategies, which can be described as an expression of verbal aggression in the Internet discourse. The given conversational strategy is characterized by linguistic impoliteness and insults the use of which is widespread both in synchronous and asynchronous communication.

The present paper aims at studying the peculiarities of the formation of associative layer in the novel “The Collector” by J. Fowles. The literary text serves as a means of reflecting the author’s worldview in the consciousness of the recipient. The linguo-stylistic study of the novel helps to reveal a number of literary associations, which contribute to the formation of the associative layer of the poetic concept “freedom”. The thorough analysis of the concept under study makes it possible to conclude that associative, symbolic, figurative and emotive layers of the poetic concept are all based on the author’s intentions, thus disclosing the author’s individual perception and interpretation of the concept “freedom”.

The paper studies incomplete sentences as one of the linguistic structures conveying unintentional implicit meaning. The research mainly deals with the examination of fully or partially uttered structures of incomplete sentences in dialogues, thus decoding and interpreting the possible versions of implicit meaning. Also, an attempt is made to point out the differences of incomplete and elliptical sentences. The specific feature of incomplete sentences is the omission of both semantic and verbal components, that is what makes them differ from elliptical sentences.

The problem of representation of emotions in languages plays a key role in modern linguistics. An overview of professional literature on the subject entitles the author to discuss some theoretical aspects of linguistic theory of emotivity. The paper analyzes cultural, ethnic, and cognitive components оf the emotive concept.

The paper focuses on linguistic personality from the perspective of cognitive and communicative linguistics. It considers some questions concerning the notion of subjectivity in language, i.e. the expression of self and the representation of a speaker's perspective in discourse. Acknowledging that subjectivity in languages arises from indexicality, special attention is drawn to deixis and deixisability as one of the main linguistic realizations of subjectivity reflecting the growing attention in linguistics to the anthropological principle.

Using illustrative examples makes a piece of writing convincing, forceful and attractive. However, citing examples is a challenging technique for many students preparing to take standardized tests. The paper considers exemplification strategies in persuasive writing and touches upon some difficulties faced by the Armenian students as well as common exemplification errors. Extracts from students’ and model essays have been used to illustrate the proposed strategies.

The paper presents the means and ways of using the inductive method in teaching English tenses, the analysis of a lesson using this method, as well as different types of exercises which give the students the opportunity to use the new grammar material in a natural context. The main advantages of the inductive method prove its efficiency in teaching grammar. An attempt is made to reveal the positive effect of the inductive method on the grammar academic achievement of the students.

This paper deals with teaching ‘glottalization’ to advanced EFL learners as an important pronunciation skill or articulatory technique typical of spoken English with special reference to its behaviour within initial three-member /s/ consonant clusters of [spr], [str], [skr] type. An overview of ‘glottalization’ as an entire phonetic process is provided in terms of teaching the articulation mechanism of English fortis stops/plosives [p], [t], [k]. Special emphasis is placed on the major differences between English and Armenian sound systems. Taking into consideration that ‘glottalization’ is totally non-existent in Armenian, advanced learners of English are duly recommended some practical advice.

The present paper touches upon the ways of teaching English sport vocabulary taking into consideration the content characteristics of English sport discourse. The terms “sport discourse” and “concept” are defined in the paper. The concept cricket is considered in the context of English linguoculture. The application of the conceptual approach makes it possible to analyze the nucleus of the concept cricket, the expressions used in near/distant associative fields, as well as the phraseological units irrespective of the fact of their being terms or term-realias.

The paper discusses the peculiarities of teaching Latin at Faculties of Foreign Languages. In contrast with modern foreign languages, the efficient teaching of limited communicative Latin cannot proceed successfully with the same or similar content of teaching any other foreign language with the respective abundance of communicative contexts and discursive situations. The principal content-based component of teaching Latin at Foreign Languages Faculties is the actual teaching material which necessarily comprises the theoretical material to be delivered about Phonetics, Grammar and Lexicology, as well as the text material.

Thе paper discusses some issues connected with teaching/learning the syntax of the middle field of the German sentence on the basis of modern language teaching methodology. In the paper the author analyzes the problems of nominal and pronominal members in the middle field, as well as thematic and rhematic elements, if any, taking into account the traditionally adopted in the German language division of syntactic fields into pre-field, middle field and post-field.

The paper discusses some issues pertaining to English language learning and teaching style considering the psychological characteristics of the Arab (Kuwaiti) students.The paper brings forward the idea that being selective with the appropriate method of learning or teaching a language depends on the class one is going to teach, as a teacher needs to match the method with the learning goals and requirements of the class and the students’ psychological and personal characteristics. The paper introduces some research results carried out in Arab segregated groups (aged 17-20) of the American University of the Middle East of Kuwait, which reveal some psychological features of the students, thus helping the teacher choose the most appropriate and effective method of teaching a foreign language and making the academic process mutually productive.

The paper discusses the role of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in English language acquisition process. The paper presents the results of the research carried out in Armenian and Kuwaiti classrooms, which rejects the statement that extrinsic motivation “kills” intrinsic motivation and brings forward the statement that it is hard to give preference to any type of motivation: as long as intrinsic or extrinsic motivation can help learners reach their academic or practical aims, the type of motivation is not that important. Despite the unanimous opinion prevailing in psychological literature, stating that the intrinsic type of motivation is more encouraging and productive, an attempt is made to show that extrinsic motivation is the only factor for the overwhelming majority of Kuwaiti students that urges them to attend classes.

The present paper is devoted to the discussion of the communicative approach to foreign language teaching, its objectives, advantages and some disadvantages. Thanks to the application of this approach students develop their communicative competence. The paper also justifies the importance of the given approach that will contribute to the use of the target language for real communication.

The paper provides wide information concerning the new interactive method of digital storytelling in the foreign language teaching process. Particularly, the technique of creating and using this innovative method in the classroom is introduced. As an effective interactive method it helps the students upgrade their writing and oral skills, as well as greatly contributes to the acquisition of their communicative skills.

This paper mainly pinpoints the peculiarities of Elizabethan secular drama. Drama as a genre in that period fluctuates between Reformation and Catholicism. That determines the special morality and ethical code. This code includes the selection of Pagan or Christian hero based on the priority of the objective, which is reached by comparing two heroes – Shylock and Hamlet.

One of the greatest works of Juan Goytisolo is “Children of Chaos” which reflects the reinterpretation of the past. Set in two dimensions – the war and its consequences, the novel depicts the author’s perception of the past. The use of principles of intertextuality, mythologems and deliberate breach in configurations of time and space (chronotope) reveal the author’s attempts at writing an experimental novel.

The paper studies the transformation of the conception “wonder” and its function in the late works of G.G. Márquez – “Twelve Pilgrim-Stories” and the novel “About Love and Other Demons”. Here occurs the “subjectivization of the narration”, when the outward real developments, “passing” through the prism of the author’s world-perception, are expressed by his heroes.
The alterations of the poetics of wonder in the above-mentioned works of the author characterize the new trend in his world-perception. At the same time they reveal the dynamics of the subsequent development of magic realism and help to percept the typology of Latin-American prose of the newest period.

Ernest Hemingway's short stories are often a description of light and darkness. The paper discusses how, in what way and in what order the author uses these descriptions. The short prose of Hemingway tries to highlight the contrasts between light and darkness as well as life and death. The symbolic parallels of light and darkness, life and death appear in the paper. It also reflects the psychological effect of the darkness and the night on the writer's personal and creative life.

The paper examines the general features of the work by modern Russian writer Anatoly Kim with special reference to the novel-parable “Father-Forest”, where long-standing problems of humans and nature existence are being discussed. An attempt is made to reveal the main idea of the novel and the typical features of the author’s style. General topics and motifs of the novel are specified to present it as a social-philosophical, psychological novel.