Vol. 12 No. 2 (35) (2021)

The article covers the unspeakably challenging socio-economic and political situation in the First Republic of Armenia during the first months of the country’s independence, the development of the draft program of the provisional government to get the country out of a difficult situation in 1918 in June-July. The draft program contained the main directions and priorities of the country’s domestic and foreign policy strategy.

The article presents the preconditions for the genocide in Bangladesh, when the state of Pakistan was established in British Muslim-majority British India, which was formed
from two parts: West Pakistan and East Pakistan. The central government of Pakistan was taking various measures to weaken the identity of the Bengali-speaking population of East Pakistan and to take control of the economy. The way was paved for tensions between the two wings of Pakistan in 1970. The Bangladeshi Awami League won a landslide victory, got a chance to form a government and declared the independence of Bangladesh.
It was due to that that Pakistan in 1971 On March 25, he launched military operations in Bangladesh. Pakistan set itself the task of subjugating and colonizing Bangladesh,
which it had to achieve through violence, mass killings, the killing of the Bengali elite, intellectuals, the fighters for independence, mass rapes and intimidation. During
the nine months of the war for Bangladesh's independence, the Pakistani military and Jamaat-e-Islami militants killed about 3 million people and raped about 250․000 Bangladeshi women and girls. At least 10 million people emigrated to India, 30 million people were forced to leave their homes. However, the genocide campaign carried out by Pakistan did not achieve its goal, moreover, it led to the self-determination and recognition of Bangladesh as an independent state.

The article analyzes the changes in the Constitution of Azerbaijan, shows their direct connection with the expansion of the president's powers, and also takes into account the opinions of representatives of the opposition bloc in various episodes. The remarks, opinions, and proposals of international organizations are presented in detail. Particular attention was paid to the expansion of the powers of the President of Azerbaijan, which reached its peak in 2016 on September 26.

Despite a number of unresolved and sensitive political issues, the economic relationship between Turkey and the People’s Republic of China is constantly developing. Turkey has already become a critical hub for the Chinese “Belt and Road” initiative. Chinese capital is increasing in the Turkish economy, pushing back a number of problematic issues. In the meantime, China’s role is growing in the South Caucasus region, making the countries revise and reformulate their foreign policy agenda in line with international and regional processes.

The relevance of the research topic of this article lies in the fact that the transformations and market relations of the post-Soviet countries constantly give rise to various threats of an economic, social and political nature in relation to political parties, CSOs and individuals. At the same time, public policy as a system of reasonable measures to limit the negative consequences of transformation and market activity is designated as political security, because its actor is mainly public authority, which defines all its actions as political actions using political tools. However, comparative analysis in post-Soviet studies is more focused not on political security, but on national security, as a system for protecting the vital interests of the individual, society and the state, while in the theoretical aspect it is more correct to talk about political security as a set of various measures of public authorities aimed at producing relations that do not threaten the individual, society and the state. On the other hand, the relevance of the study also lies in the fact that national security is presented in political studies as a system of civiliarchic protection, which has a biopolitical character and comes from an effective system of checks and balances. Whereas security is also dynamic in nature, that is, it depends on the state of the actor, on his position in the political system of existing institutions, relations, consciousness, culture, values, norms, traditions, etc. At the same time, security in post-Soviet studies is considered one-sided, ideas about it are formed mainly from expert assessments that do not take into account the social, economic, political and cultural position of the actors. Comparative analysis of political security is carried out with less intensity than other spheres of biopolitics. The circle of post-Soviet researchers involved in political security in recent years is not as wide as required

The article analyzes one of the most urgent problems in the public administration of the RA. The main object of research is the strategy of personnel management. In a narrow sense, the problem includes the study of the main approaches and the development of personnel policy. Personnel policy and strategy are interconnected, which presupposes a rethinking of the entire system of public administration in RA. The article also formulates proposals for the implementation of strategic planning of personnel management in RA.

The article explores the security perceptions of Armenia’s ruling political elite from the 2008 Russian-Georgian war to the post-April war period up to 2018 by applying constructivist methodology and the concept of security identity. The research relies on the speeches, interviews of the ruling elite, Government programs and relevant documents, and preelection programs of the ruling Republic Party of Armenia that reveal their perceptions of the structural factors (domestic-structural, regional-security, global-systemic) affecting the Russian direction of Armenia’s foreign policy. The article reveals that initially, the elite regarded the normalization of the relations with the neighbours as a way of overcoming domestic-structural vulnerabilities. The failure of the efforts in that direction resulted in the growth of the importance of the EU as means of modernization and regional stability. As this direction too did not meet the expectations, the belief of Russia’s indispensable role was reinstated in the eyes of the ruling elite. While it was expected that Armenia’s membership in Eurasian Economic Union would boost Armenia’s security under Russia’s regional security umbrella, the intensification of Russia’s arms sales to Azerbaijan had been creating discontent among the ruling elite which only
became more apparent after the 2016 “April war”.