Middle East Wars and The Refugee Crisis in Europe of the Last DeMiddle East Wars and The Refugee Crisis in Europe of the Last Decade: The Interaction of Islam and Post-Christian Civilization in the Westcade: The Interaction of Islam and Post-Christian Civilization in the West

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.46991/hc.2023.19.1.261

Keywords:

Islam in Europe, clash of civilizations, refugee crisis, secularism, postmodern religiosity, religious studies

Abstract

In his prominent and much-criticized book, “The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order” (edited in 1996), Samuel Huntington claimed that the major civilizations were incompatible. For him so long as Islam remains Islam and the West remains the West, the fundamental conflict between the two great civilizations will continue to define their relations in the future. Now in the situation of the wars of the last decade a huge number of refugees from the Middle East has entered Europe bringing Islam with them. Was Huntington correct writing about the clash of Islam and the West or on the contrary is Western civilization now infected by Islam? Why doesn’t the West resist the Islamic culture?  On the one hand it is easily giving up Christian values and on the other hand is not at all attracted by Islam. What is the religious situation in Europe at the present time and what guarantee may there be of European civilization surviving in the situation of the refugee crisis? Are there any parallels between the situation in European Union and that in Armenia? The present episode of interaction of civilizations is going to be discussed from the point of view of Religious Studies. 

Author Biography

Elizabete Taivāne, University of Latvia

Associate Professor at the University of Latvia, Faculty of Theology

References

Berghuijs Joantine. 2017, Multiple Religious Belonging in the Netherlands: An Empirical Approach to Hybrid Religiosity, “Open Theology” 2017 (3), pp. 19-37.

Bruce Steve. 2017a, Multiple Religious Belonging: Conceptual Advance or Secularization Denial?, “Open Theology” 2017 (3), pp. 603-612.

Bruce Steve. 2017b, Secular Beats Spiritual: The Westernization of the Easternization of the West, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 199 pages.

Europe’s Growing Muslim Population, November 29, 2017, Muslim Population Growth in Europe | Pew Research Center, accessed 19.11.2022.

Hemēns-Antila Jāko. 2017, Islāma rokasgrāmata, Ingrīdas Peldekses tulk., Rīga: Neputns, 2017, 280 lpp.

Huntington Samuel P. 1996, The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order, New York: Simon&Schuster, 194 pages.

Islāma Terorisms un Postmodernie Rietumi. Saruna ar Māri Kūli raidījumā “Austošā saule”, Feb. 2021, 6. Islāma terorisms un postmodernie Rietumi. Saruna ar Māri Kūli. - Austošā Saule (austsaule.lv), skatīts 19.11.2022.

Least Religious Countries 2022, Least Religious Countries 2022 (worldpopulationreview.com), accessed 19.11.2022.

Pew: Romania Is Now Most Religious Country in Europe, 6 Dec 2018, Pew: Romania Is Now Most Religious Country in Europe (breitbart.com), accessed 19.11.2022.

Jenkins Philip. 2007, God’s Continent: Christianity, Islam, and Europe’s Religious Crisis, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 340 pages.

Kern Soeren. 2012, “Europeans Increasingly Converting to Islam”, Europeans Increasingly Converting to Islam :: Gatestone Institute, accessed 19.11.2022.

Refugees in Europe: Where they come from and where they want to go / “DW News”, November 5, 2022, Refugees in Europe: Where they come from and where they want to go | DW News - YouTube , accessed 18.11.2022.

Syria Refugee Crisis Explained, July 8 2022, Syria Refugee Crisis Explained (unrefugees.org), accessed 12.11.2022.

Taivāne Elizabete. 2020, Multiple Religious Belonging: Russian Reflections, “Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe”, vol. 40, Iss. 8. George Fox University, pp. 38-50.

Tēraudkalns Valdis. 2015, Kam no zaļās krāsas bail? Islamofobija mūsdienu Latvijā, Kam no zaļās krāsas bail? Islamofobija mūsdienu Latvijā | punctum (punctummagazine.lv), accessed 19.11.2022.

Vilkmanis Ģirts. 2016, “Jauns bīstams fenimens – islama konvertīti”, News.lv: Jauns, bīstams fenomens – islāma konvertīti 03.03.2016 Latvijas Avīze, accessed 19.11.2022.

Гогитидзе Ксения. 2021, 10 лет войне в Сирии. 10 главных вопросов, 10 лет войне в Сирии. 10 главных вопросов - BBC News Русская служба, accessed 12.11.2022.

Корчагина А. В. 2018, Психологические мотивы и последствия обращения в ислам: результаты социально-психологического исследования, “Minbar. Islamic Studies”, 11(2), cc. 375-385.

Трофимова О. Е. 2017, Миграционные процессы в Евросоюзе: Новые вызовы и риски // “Вестник Института экономики Российской Академии Наук”, Nr 5, cc. 132-145.

Хоружий С. С. 2011, Христианство и другие мировые религии в современном мире: в поисках новых перспектив диалога и взаимопонимания: Раздел коллективной монографии “Мировые религии в контексте современной культуры: новые перспективы диалога и взаимопонимания”, Спб., http://synergia-isa.ru/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/hor_dialog_religiy-2.pdf, accessed 01.08.2014.

References

Gogitidze Ksenija. 2021, 10 let vojni v Sirii. 10 glavnih voprosov, 10 лет войне в Сирии. 10 главных вопросов - BBC News Русская служба, accessed 12.11.2022. (In Russian)

Korchagina A.V. 2018, Psihologicheskije motivi in posledstvija obrash’enija v islam: rezul’taty social’no-psihologicheskogo issledovanija, “Minbar. Islamic Studies”, 11(2), ss. 375-385. (In Russian)

Trofimova O. Je. 2017, Migracionnije process v Jevrosojuze: Novije vizovy I riski // “Vestnik Instituta ekonomiki Rossijskoj Akademii Nauk”, Nr 5, ss. 132-145. (In Russian)

Horuzhij S. S. 2011, Hristianstvo i drugije mirovije religii v sovremennom mire: v poiskah novih perspektiv dialoga i vzaimoponimanija: Razdel kollektivnoj monografii “Mirovije religii v kontekste sovremennoj kul’tury: novije perspektivy dialoga i vzaimoponimanija”, Spb., http://synergia-isa.ru/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/hor_dialog_religiy-2.pdf, accessed 01.08.2014. (In Russian)

Published

2023-07-01