Vol. 3 No. 2(8) (2024)

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.46991/JOPS/2024.3.8
Published: 2024-11-30

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    Abstract

    At the present stage, the global community is looking for an answer not only to military and conflict challenges, but also to the ecological challenge of our civilization, which is the quintessence of the results of its destructive economic and nature-forming activities. The deterioration of the standard and quality of life in many countries of the Eastern Partnership, emerging difficulties in the development of the world economy, and finally, the general systemic crisis of modern civilization are associated with the ecological problem, military clashes and threats of new escalations in the post-Soviet region. The conditions of human survival require more active development and implementation of a single global strategy for safe social development, guaranteeing the transition to a society where the interests of the economy, politics, and social life will be purposefully coordinated with the possibilities of nature. This can be considered a discovery of our time and the main reason for the formation of the strategy of co-evolution of society and nature.

    References

Political History

  • Political History

    Persecutory policies against Roma in Nazi Germany

    Andrej Pupik
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    Abstract

    The article provides an analysis of the persecution measures against the Roma in Nazi Germany, identifying what measures were taken and, in particular, what tragic consequences they led to on a practical level. The article comparatively analyzes various aspects of the persecution of Roma in Germany, and indeed throughout Europe, preceding the totalitarian seizure of power by the Nazis in 1933 and the emergence of Nazi Germany. The main focus is on identifying the stages of the persecution policy in Nazi Germany against Roma, as well as the chronology of the adoption of the persecution policy against Roma in Nazi Germany in 1933-1945. As a result, a turning point in the anti-Roma policy is identified and characterized, which included both the freezing of Roma mobility and the resettlement of Roma, as well as their deportation to Auschwitz-Birkenau.

    References

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  • Political History

    Russia’s Foreign Policy in the South Caucasus in the Context of Increasing New Regional Competition

    Zhak Manukyan
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    Abstract

    The purpose of this article is to study various factors of Russia’s foreign policy in the South Caucasus during the 44-day Nagorno-Karabakh (Artsakh) war of 2020 and in the post-war period. Russia’s mediation efforts to end the war in Nagorno-Karabakh and establish peace are considered. Particular attention is paid to the deployment of Russian peacekeepers in Nagorno-Karabakh and the military-political significance of this initiative and the consequences, as well as the main reasons for the failure of this peacekeeping mission. The article also analyzes the multi-vector foreign policy pursued by regional states in the South Caucasus, in particular Türkiye and Iran. In this context, the prospects for Russian-Turkish cooperation in the South Caucasus, in particular, in the process of settling the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, are highlighted. This also makes a comparative analysis of the foreign policies of the United States, European Union (EU) and France in the region significant. The article examines Russia’s ability to maintain its military and political influence and expand its economic presence in the South Caucasus. Issues that have hindered the establishment of peace and stability in the South Caucasus were also discussed.

    References

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    Ditel, Claudia. 2023. “Women’s Transformative Power in the Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict.” In: Securitization and Democracy in Eurasia, Securitization and Democracy in Eurasia: Transformation and Development in the OSCE Region, edited by Anja Mihr, Paolo Sorbello, and Brigitte Weiffen, 163-177. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16659-4_11.

    Ergun, Ayça. 2023. “Turkey and the South Caucasus: Role of Memory and Perceptions in Shaping Turkey’s Relations with Regional States.” In: One Hundred Years of Turkish Foreign Policy (1923-2023): Historical and Theoretical Reflections, edited by Binnur Özkeçeci-Taner, and Sinem Akgül Açıkmeşe, 163-183. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-35859-3_8.

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    Manukyan, Violetta. 2023. “From Conflict to Peace? Stateness Assessment of the South Caucasus Countries at the Crossroads of Political Processes from 2017 to 2022”. Journal of Political Science: Bulletin of Yerevan University 2 (2(5):11-33. https://doi.org/10.46991/JOPS/2023.2.5.011.

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    Singh, Danny. 2023. Russian Responses, the Invasion, Sanctions and International Law. In: The Tripartite Realist War: Analysing Russia’s Invasion of Ukraine. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. pp. 121-207. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-34163-2_5.

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Public Policy

  • Public Policy

    Human Security as a Factor of Sustainable Security in Post-War Armenia Global Responsibility of Small States

    Michele Barbieri, Nane Aleksanyan
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    Abstract

    This article examines the problem of human security as a factor in sustainable security in post-war Armenia. In post-war Armenia, the scope of global responsibility of small states is expanding, and sustainable security and sustainable development are becoming the basis of the discourse on the problems of the future of the South Caucasus and the object of political aspirations to strengthen peace on the part of the UN, the EU, the NATO, the Council of Europe, the OSCE and Western countries. The article comparatively analyzes approaches to the study of human security and sustainable security in post-war Armenia, the position on the relationship between development and security in its modern broad interpretation, characteristic of contemporary political science discussions. Authors pay main attention to the analysis of the role of sustainable security in the evolution of the idea of ​​sustainable development of small states of the South Caucasus to the modern approach of the link between security, resilience and development. Authors identified and substantiated the characteristic features of human security and sustainable security in post-war Armenia, which hinder the improvement of the quality of life and the formation of human capital.

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    Biswas, Bibhuti Bhusan, and Neha Kumari Murai. 2024. “From Traditional Security to Human Security: A Conceptual Framework.” In: Human Security in Asia: Interrogating State, Society, and Policy, edited by Debasish Nandy, and Debtanu Majee, 57-71. Palgrave Macmillan, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-3585-7_4.

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    Natalini, Alessandro, Michele Barbieri, and Fabrizio Di Mascio. 2021. “The Role of Regulatory Agencies in Agenda-Setting Processes: Insights from the Italian Response to the COVID-19 Infodemic.” Swiss Political Science Review 27(3): 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1111/spsr.12465.

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    Pandit, Santishree Dhulipudi. 2024. “Imaginations and Constructions: Rethinking Human Security.” In: Human Security in Asia: Interrogating State, Society, and Policy, edited by Debasish Nandy, and Debtanu Majee, 37-55. Palgrave Macmillan, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-3585-7_3.

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    UN. 2022. “UN remains deeply concerned over ‘dangerous escalation’ following fighting across Armenia-Azerbaijan border.” September 15, 2022. Accessed August 11, 2024. https://news.un.org/en/story/2022/09/1126721.

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    UNDP. 2024. Human Development Report 2023-24: Breaking the gridlock: Reimagining cooperation in a polarized world. New York. https://hdr.undp.org/content/human-development-report-2023-24.

    Yavuz, M. Hakan, and Michael M. Gunter. 2023. The Second Nagorno-Karabakh War: Causes and Consequences. In: The Karabakh Conflict Between Armenia and Azerbaijan. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham, pp. 153-193. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16262-6_7.

    Ziemer, Ulrike. 2020. “Women Against Authoritarianism: Agency and Political Protest in Armenia.” In: Women’s Everyday Lives in War and Peace in the South Caucasus, edited by Ulrike Ziemer, 71-100. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25517-6_4.

  • Public Policy

    Theoretical Approaches to Political Stability: How Do Theories Interpret the Factors Influencing It?

    Armen Mirzoyan
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    Abstract

    Political stability is a crucial concept within political science, yet its theoretical foundations and influencing factors are often dispersed across various perspectives. This article presents the first comprehensive attempt to synthesize and analyze the theoretical approaches to political stability within a single work. Drawing from both political science and sociology, this study aims to explore how political stability shapes and is shaped by political, economic, social, and cultural systems. By examining the reciprocal relationships between these systems and political stability, the article identifies key theoretical frameworks that explain its trends and impacts. Notably, this is the first effort to address these theories in a unified manner, filling a gap in both Armenian political science literature and broader global scholarship. This work contributes to a deeper understanding of the factors that influence political stability and offers insights into their implications for societal development.

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Comparative politics

  • Comparative politics

    Corruption and neo-colonialism in Latin America

    Nubia Nieto
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    Abstract

    Corruption is deemed one of the main drivers of development challenges in many countries, mainly in those territories that drag the shackles of colonialism. The roots of corruption in underdeveloped countries can be traced from Colonial times from South America, Asia to Africa the pattern seems to be repeated: populations subjugated to new masters, disenfranchised indigenous people, labour and sexual exploitation, brutal punishments for those who resisted colonial power were commune features for countries that experienced colonialism. Many of those power excesses have been recognised historically, however one of the most persistent element of Colonialism that survives until nowadays is corruption. The present text aims to shine a light on the relation of colonialism and corruption in Latin America. The hypothesis raised suggests that corruption was installed through colonialism in the Latin America region. The text is presented in three parts; the first one offers some historical considerations about European colonialism, the second one describes the strategies used by colonisers and the use of corruption as a tool to impose their rule and consolidate their power, and the third one exposes the new colonial form of corruption carried out by the West, led today by the United States.

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Geopolitics

  • Geopolitics

    Rethinking The Mosul Dam: A Reassessment of Its Impact Beyond the Traditional Narratives

    Filippo Verre
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    Abstract

    The Mosul Dam, one of Iraq’s most significant infrastructural projects, has been the subject of extensive debate and scrutiny, often overshadowed by negative narratives concerning its safety and environmental impact. These narratives overlook the dam’s significant function in creating food and energy and fostering local, regional, and global water cooperation. This article seeks to provide a comprehensive revaluation of the dam’s contributions to water management and diplomatic relations. By systematically addressing the prevalent criticisms, this study highlights the recent renovation works that extended the dam’s lifespan. These works, which will be examined with a quantitative methodology in the study, involved the Iraqi Government, the Kurdish Regional Government, the United States and Italy. These four entities contributed with joint efforts to make the dam safer, forging trust and collaboration on multiple levels. The Mosul Dam serves as a model for international water cooperation, illustrating the potential for large-scale infrastructure projects to contribute to peace and stability. The reassessment provided in this study advocates for a more nuanced understanding of the Mosul Dam, recognizing its pivotal contributions to water security and international cooperation, which are essential for the region’s sustainable development and beyond.

    References

    Adamo, Nasrat, and Nadhir Al-Ansari. 2016. “Mosul dam the full story: Engineering problems.” Journal of Earth Sciences and Geotechnical Engineering 6 (3): 213-244.

    Adamo, Nasrat, Nadhir Al-Ansari, Sven Knutsson, et al. 2017. “Mosul Dam: A Catastrophe Yet to Unfold.” Engineering 9 (3): 263-278. https://doi.org/10.4236/eng.2017.93014.

    Al-Abayachi, Shirouk. 2016. Report on Mosul Dam, Iraqi House of Representatives. Agriculture, water, and Marshes Sub-Committee. Baghdad.

    Al-Ansari, Nadhir, Nasrat Adamo, Issa E. Issa, Varoujan Sissakian, and Sven Knutsson. 2015. “Mystery of Mosul Dam the Most Dangerous Dam in the World: Karstification and Sinkholes.” Journal of Earth Sciences and Geotechnical Engineering 5 (3): 33-45.

    Al-Muslih, Shehla S.Z., and Nadhir A. Al-Ansary. 2013. “Hydrological and Hydrochemical Situation of Badush Dam Site, Central North of Iraq for the Period between 1988-1990.” Iraqi Bulletin of Geological Mining 9 (1): 35-51.

    Annunziato, Alessandro, Ioannis Andredakis, and Pamela Probst. 2016. “Impact of Flood by a Possible Failure of the Mosul Dam.” EU Commission: Joint Research Centre: Institute for the Protection and Security of the Citizen. https://doi.org/10.2788/689469.

    Chin, Warren. 2019. “Technology, war and the state: past, present and future.” International Affairs 95(4): 765-783. https://doi.org/10.1093/ia/iiz106.

    Coticchia, Fabrizio, and Andrea Ruggeri. 2022. “An International Peacekeeper. The Evolution of Italian Foreign and Defence Policy.” IAI - Istituto Affari Internazionali 22 (6): 1-21.

    Dryzek, John S. 2013. The Politics of the Earth: Environmental Discourses. Oxford University Press.

    Fappiano, Cayla M., and James N. Baraniuk. 2020. “Gulf War Illness Symptom Severity and Onset: A Cross-Sectional Survey.” Military Medicine 185 (7-8): e1120-e1127. https://doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usz471.

    Fosnot, Catherine T. 2013. Constructivism: Theory, Perspectives, and Practice. New York: Teachers College Press.

    Gerges, Fawaz A. 2016. ISIS: A History. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

    Hmaza, H. H., and Hussein Alwan Mahdi Msaewe. 2023. “Investigation of the deformations in Mosul dam by geodetic measurements of total stations and GNSSs.” AIP Conference Proceedings 2787 (1): 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0148327.

    Howard, Lise Morjé, and Anjali Kaushlesh Dayal. 2018. “The use of force in UN peacekeeping.” International Organization 72 (1): 71-103. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020818317000431.

    Husain, Faisal H. 2021. Rivers of the Sultan: The Tigris and Euphrates in the Ottoman Empire. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Kelley, Julie R., Lillian D. Wakeley, Seth W. Broadfoot, et al. 2007. Geologic Setting of Mosul Dam and Its Engineering Implications. Final Report, U.S. Army Engineer District, Gulf Region, Baghdad.

    Mahmood Agha, Omar M. A., and Mohammed A. Khattab. 2023. “The impact of Ilisu Dam on water flow toward Iraq and identifying the optimal operational strategy for Mosul Dam. Sustain.” Sustainable Water Resources Management 9 (112). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40899-023-00889-0.

    McMahan, Jeff, and Robert McKim. 1993. “The Just War and The Gulf War.” Canadian Journal of Philosophy 23 (4): 501-541. https://doi.org/10.1080/00455091.1993.10717333.

    Merchant, Carolyn. 2005. Radical Ecology: The Search for a Livable World. NY: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203084212.

    Milillo, Pietro, Roland Bürgmann, Paul Lundgren, et. al. 2016. “Space Geodetic Monitoring of Engineered Structures: The ongoing Destabilization of the Mosul Dam, Iraq.” Scientific Reports 6: 37408. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep37408.

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    Obertreis, Julia, Timothy Moss, Peter Mollinga, and Christine Bichsel. 2016. “Water, infrastructure and political rule.” Water Alternatives 9 (2): 168-181. https://doi.org/10.18452/21560.

    Pearce, Fred. 2014. “Mideast Water Wars: In Iraq, A Battle for Control of Water.” Yale environment 360, August 25, 2014. Accessed August 29, 2024. https://e360.yale.edu/features/mideast_water_wars_in_iraq_a_battle_for_control_of_water.

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    Sissakian, Varoujan K., Nasrat Adamo, and Nadhir Al-Ansari. 2020. “Badush Dam: Planned And Designed As A Protection Dam, Nw Iraq”. Journal of Duhok University 23 (2): 31-39. https://doi.org/10.26682/csjuod.2020.23.2.3.

    Sissakian, Varoujan K., Nasrat Adamo, and Nadhir Al-Ansari. 2020. “The Role of Geological Investigations for Dam Siting: Mosul Dam a Case Study.” Geotechnical and Geological Engineering 38: 2085-2096. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-019-01150-2.

    Sissakian, Varoujan K., Nasrat Adamo, Nadhir Al-Ansari, Sven Knutsson, and Jan Laue. 2018. “Badush Dam, NW Iraq: A Geological Study.” Journal of Earth Sciences and Geotechnical Engineering 8 (2): 1-15.

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    Tinti, Alessandro. 2023. “Scales of justice. Large dams and water rights in the Tigris–Euphrates basin.” Policy and Society 42 (2): 184-196. https://doi.org/10.1093/polsoc/puad003.

    Trevi Foundation. 2018. “Trevi’s Challenge in Iraq: Mosul Dam.” Accessed August 29, 2024. https://www.soilmec.com/downloads/5245/684/¬FoundationDrillin_-Oct2018.pdf.

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    Warren, John K. 2006. Evaporites: Sediments, Resources and Hydrocarbons. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-32344-9.

Book Review

  • Book Review

    Reinhold, Thomas. 2024. Towards a Peaceful Development of Cyberspace: De-Escalation of State-Led Cyber Conflicts and Arms Control of Cyber Weapons. XXVIII, 361 pp. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-43951-4

    Svetlana Jilavyan, Haykuhi Mkrtchyan
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    Abstract

    The book analyzes cyberspace issues and its global infrastructures, which are essential for the global political system, civiliarchy, political economy and effective administration of political processes. In the modern context, cyberspace is becoming an intelligence and military operational domain for various actors. According to the author, this is evident in the establishment of military cyber departments and the integration of cyberspace into the security and defense strategies of small and large states. Current military technologies as well as established instruments of transparency, de-escalation and arms control measures do not work for cyberspace due to its specific technical characteristics. In this context, it is important for international organizations to achieve de-escalation of state-led conflicts in cyberspace, but in reality it is simply impossible to develop arms control over cyber weapons. In this context, an effective system of classification of cyber weapons, an approach to mutual reduction of stocks of vulnerability and non-interference in cyber conflict are also important.

    References

    Reinhold, Thomas. 2024. Introduction. In: Towards a Peaceful Development of Cyberspace: De-Escalation of State-Led Cyber Conflicts and Arms Control of Cyber Weapons. Springer Vieweg, Wiesbaden, pp. 3-22. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-43951-4_1.

    Reinhold, Thomas. 2024. Findings Part A: Concepts and Challenges of Peace in Cyberspace. In: Towards a Peaceful Development of Cyberspace: De-Escalation of State-Led Cyber Conflicts and Arms Control of Cyber Weapons. Springer Vieweg, Wiesbaden, pp. 23-27. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-43951-4_2.

    Reinhold, Thomas. 2024. Findings Part B: Threats From Malicious Activities in Cyberspace and Technological Trends. In: Towards a Peaceful Development of Cyberspace: De-Escalation of State-Led Cyber Conflicts and Arms Control of Cyber Weapons. Springer Vieweg, Wiesbaden, pp. 29-36. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-43951-4_3.

    Reinhold, Thomas. 2024. Findings Part C: Approaches for the Peaceful Development of Cyberspace. In: Towards a Peaceful Development of Cyberspace: De-Escalation of State-Led Cyber Conflicts and Arms Control of Cyber Weapons. Springer Vieweg, Wiesbaden, pp. 37-41. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-43951-4_4.

    Reinhold, Thomas. 2024. Discussion and Conclusions. In: Towards a Peaceful Development of Cyberspace: De-Escalation of State-Led Cyber Conflicts and Arms Control of Cyber Weapons. Springer Vieweg, Wiesbaden, pp. 43-48. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-43951-4_5.

    Reinhold, Thomas. 2024. From Cyberwar to Cyberpeace. In: Towards a Peaceful Development of Cyberspace: De-Escalation of State-Led Cyber Conflicts and Arms Control of Cyber Weapons. Springer Vieweg, Wiesbaden, pp. 51-72. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-43951-4_6.

    Reinhold, Thomas. 2024. Military Cyber Activities in Russia’s War Against Ukraine and Their Significance for the Debates on the Containment of a Cyberwar. In: Towards a Peaceful Development of Cyberspace: De-Escalation of State-Led Cyber Conflicts and Arms Control of Cyber Weapons. Springer Vieweg, Wiesbaden, pp. 73-84. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-43951-4_7.

    Reinhold, Thomas. 2024. Arms Control and its Applicability to Cyberspace. In: Towards a Peaceful Development of Cyberspace: De-Escalation of State-Led Cyber Conflicts and Arms Control of Cyber Weapons. Springer Vieweg, Wiesbaden, pp. 85-106. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-43951-4_8.

    Reinhold, Thomas. 2024. Challenges for Cyber Arms Control: A Qualitative Expert Interview Study. In: Towards a Peaceful Development of Cyberspace: De-Escalation of State-Led Cyber Conflicts and Arms Control of Cyber Weapons. Springer Vieweg, Wiesbaden, pp. 107-137. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-43951-4_9.

    Reinhold, Thomas. 2024. Towards a Cyberweapons Assessment Model—Assessment of the Technical Features of Malicious Software. In: Towards a Peaceful Development of Cyberspace: De-Escalation of State-Led Cyber Conflicts and Arms Control of Cyber Weapons. Springer Vieweg, Wiesbaden, pp. 141-172. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-43951-4_10.

    Reinhold, Thomas. 2024. Spotting the Bear: Credible Attribution and Russian Operations in Cyberspace. In: Towards a Peaceful Development of Cyberspace: De-Escalation of State-Led Cyber Conflicts and Arms Control of Cyber Weapons. Springer Vieweg, Wiesbaden, pp. 173-183. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-43951-4_11.

    Reinhold, Thomas. 2024. Wannacry About the Tragedy of the Commons? Game-theory and the Failure of Global Vulnerability Disclosure. In: Towards a Peaceful Development of Cyberspace: De-Escalation of State-Led Cyber Conflicts and Arms Control of Cyber Weapons. Springer Vieweg, Wiesbaden, pp. 185-196. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-43951-4_12.

    Reinhold, Thomas. 2024. The Digital Divide in State Vulnerability to Submarine Communications Cable Failure. In: Towards a Peaceful Development of Cyberspace: De-Escalation of State-Led Cyber Conflicts and Arms Control of Cyber Weapons. Springer Vieweg, Wiesbaden, pp. 197-226. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-43951-4_13.

    Reinhold, Thomas. 2024. Cyberweapons and Artificial Intelligence—Impact, Influence and the Challenges for Arms Control. In: Towards a Peaceful Development of Cyberspace: De-Escalation of State-Led Cyber Conflicts and Arms Control of Cyber Weapons. Springer Vieweg, Wiesbaden, pp. 227-238. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-43951-4_14.

    Reinhold, Thomas. 2024. Preventing the Escalation of Cyberconflicts: Towards an Approach to Plausibly Assure the Non-Involvement in a Cyberattack. In: Towards a Peaceful Development of Cyberspace: De-Escalation of State-Led Cyber Conflicts and Arms Control of Cyber Weapons. Springer Vieweg, Wiesbaden, pp. 241-268. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-43951-4_15.

    Reinhold, Thomas. 2024. ExTRUST: Reducing Exploit Stockpiles with a Privacy-Preserving Depletion System for Inter-State Relationship. In: Towards a Peaceful Development of Cyberspace: De-Escalation of State-Led Cyber Conflicts and Arms Control of Cyber Weapons. Springer Vieweg, Wiesbaden, pp. 269-299. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-43951-4_16.

    Reinhold, Thomas. 2024. Verification in Cyberspace. In: Towards a Peaceful Development of Cyberspace: De-Escalation of State-Led Cyber Conflicts and Arms Control of Cyber Weapons. Springer Vieweg, Wiesbaden, pp. 301-317. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-43951-4_17.

  • Book Review

    Keeping Peace in Troubled Times: Perspectives from Different Disciplines on War and Peace, edited by Nina Käsehage. Springer, Cham. XV, 266 pp. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-56038-5

    Anzhela Mnatsakanyan
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    Abstract

    The book comparatively analyzes past, present and possible future war and crisis situations. In doing so, the authors pay special attention to the nature of global conflicts and international actors, which international organizations and diplomacy of different countries are working to overcome. The book also examines the complexities of relations between governments of small and large states, NATO, the UN, intergovernmental and regional organizations, CSOs and transnational corporations, which despite their interdependence are still far from sustainable development. The authors discuss various issues of diplomacy, international relations theory, Eurasian politics, the European Union, international organizations, threats and challenges, global civil society, religion and culture as they relate to peoples in a complex world.

    References

    Antes, Peter. 2024. “Religions and Violence.” In: Keeping Peace in Troubled Times: Perspectives from Different Disciplines on War and Peace, edited by Nina Käsehage, 41-56. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-56038-5_3.

    Besenyő, János, and Richárd Schneider. 2024. “New Approaches Within the Peace Mission in Africa Using the Example of Uganda.” In: Keeping Peace in Troubled Times: Perspectives from Different Disciplines on War and Peace, edited by Nina Käsehage, 123-139. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-56038-5_8.

    Coquelin, Mathieu, and Jens Ostwaldt. 2024. “‘I Need you as my Foe’. A Practical Perspective on the Need of Having Enemies in the Process of Radicalization.” In: Keeping Peace in Troubled Times: Perspectives from Different Disciplines on War and Peace, edited by Nina Käsehage, 249-266. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-56038-5_14.

    Czornik, Katarzyna. 2024. “The Meaning of War and Peace in Jihadist Online Radicalization.” In: Keeping Peace in Troubled Times: Perspectives from Different Disciplines on War and Peace, edited by Nina Käsehage, 231-248. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-56038-5_13.

    El Janati, Abderrahim, and Jérôme Ferret. 2024. “Mohammed Merah and the Birth of Post-Modern Jihadism: The Genesis of Merah’s Jihadist Extremism as a Rupture and Its Effects on the French Society.” In: Keeping Peace in Troubled Times: Perspectives from Different Disciplines on War and Peace, edited by Nina Käsehage, 141-167. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-56038-5_9.

    Ghazi, Maha. 2024. “Women, Minors and Families Affiliated with Terrorist Groups: Reintegration and Peacebuilding in Morocco.” In: Keeping Peace in Troubled Times: Perspectives from Different Disciplines on War and Peace, edited by Nina Käsehage, 209-229. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-56038-5_12.

    Gürer, Cüneyt, and Elena Walczak. 2024. “War and Peace in the Understanding of Turkish Politics.” In: Keeping Peace in Troubled Times: Perspectives from Different Disciplines on War and Peace, edited by Nina Käsehage, 169-186. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-56038-5_10.

    Käsehage, Nina. 2024. “Introduction.” In: Keeping Peace in Troubled Times: Perspectives from Different Disciplines on War and Peace, edited by Nina Käsehage, 1-24. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-56038-5_1.

    Käsehage, Nina. 2024. “Victim or Perpetrator? Child Returnees’ Perceptions of Peace and War.” In: Keeping Peace in Troubled Times: Perspectives from Different Disciplines on War and Peace, edited by Nina Käsehage, 187-207. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-56038-5_11.

    Mitrofanova, Anastasia V. 2024. “The Notion of Unity in Russian Thought and Its Implications for Peaceful Coexistence.” In: Keeping Peace in Troubled Times: Perspectives from Different Disciplines on War and Peace, edited by Nina Käsehage, 57-71. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-56038-5_4.

    Özcan, Kübra. 2024. “Hermeneutical and Exegetical Approaches to the Concepts of Peace and Violence in the Qur’ān.” In: Keeping Peace in Troubled Times: Perspectives from Different Disciplines on War and Peace, edited by Nina Käsehage, 87-98. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-56038-5_6.

    Reinke de Buitrago, Sybille. 2024. “Representing and Feeling Conflict: Lessons for Building Peace.” In: Keeping Peace in Troubled Times: Perspectives from Different Disciplines on War and Peace, edited by Nina Käsehage, 27-40. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-56038-5_2.

    Schwaderer, Isabella. 2024. “Peace with the Future: How Narratives of the Anthropocene Form Relational Concepts of Peace.” In: Keeping Peace in Troubled Times: Perspectives from Different Disciplines on War and Peace, edited by Nina Käsehage, 73-86. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-56038-5_5.

    Valadares, Tatiana M. 2024. “War and Peace Through a Feminist Lens: The Need for a Gender-Responsive, Humanitarian Approach for ‘Conflict Resolutions’ and ‘Peace Processes’.” In: Keeping Peace in Troubled Times: Perspectives from Different Disciplines on War and Peace, edited by Nina Käsehage, 99-120. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-56038-5_7.

  • Book Review

    Populism and Accountability: Interdisciplinary Researches on Active Citizenship, edited by Antonio Maria Baggio, Maria-Gabriella Baldarelli, and Samuel O. Idowu. XVIII, 325 pp. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-20032-8

    Arnak Sargsyan
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    Abstract

    This book comparatively analyzes various forms of populism in countries with democratic political systems and regimes. In various chapters, the authors draw attention to the common elements of populism that have already emerged: the desire for political representation, a charismatic leader, a nationalist idealization of the historical role of ‘the people’, criticism of the EU, the Council of Europe, the OSCE and international law. In this book, various authors point out that populist phenomena are used to destroy both the tools and the rules and culture of democracy. Most populist political parties gain widespread acceptance among young people because of their extreme views and statements, thereby calling for the abandonment of democratic principles, that is, the political order and the rule of law. In this book, the authors use an interdisciplinary approach to highlight the importance of political and social accountability and responsibility, examining the major challenges facing current and future corporate leaders. In its various chapters, the authors propose counter-populist approaches for effectively measuring political and socially responsible action and accountability. In this context, the authors offer tools to combat the causes of populism in both the political and social spheres, as well as in business.

    References

    Aleksanyan, Ashot, and Nane Aleksanyan. 2024. “Chapter 3: Mapping Populism in the European Post-Transition Periphery.” In: Perspectives on Populism։ Various Voices from the European “Periphery”: International Studies on Populism (Volume 9), edited by Reinhard Heinisch, Aneta Cekikj, and Klaudia Koxha, 69-92. Nomos. https://doi.org/10.5771/9783748917281.

    Baggio, Antonio Maria. 2023. “Populism and Its Definitions: Interpretations and Perspectives of a Multifaceted Political Model.” In: Populism and Accountability: Interdisciplinary Researches on Active Citizenship, edited by Antonio Maria Baggio, Maria-Gabriella Baldarelli, and Samuel O. Idowu, 9-53. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-20032-8_2.

    Baldarelli, Maria-Gabriella. 2023. “Accountability and Stakeholder Engagement: Politics and Accounting in Dialogue to Improve Democracy.” In: Populism and Accountability: Interdisciplinary Researches on Active Citizenship, edited by Antonio Maria Baggio, Maria-Gabriella Baldarelli, and Samuel O. Idowu, 55-71. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-20032-8_3.

    Barbaro, Sergio. 2023. “Property, Responsibility, and the Community: Toward a New Concept of Property.” In: Populism and Accountability: Interdisciplinary Researches on Active Citizenship, edited by Antonio Maria Baggio, Maria-Gabriella Baldarelli, and Samuel O. Idowu, 93-114. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-20032-8_5.

    Cardillo, Eleonora. 2023. “The Role of Local Authorities in Opposing Populism Through Social Accountability.” In: Populism and Accountability: Interdisciplinary Researches on Active Citizenship, edited by Antonio Maria Baggio, Maria-Gabriella Baldarelli, and Samuel O. Idowu, 167-187. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-20032-8_8.

    Deponte, Antonella. 2023. “The Psychological Roots of Populism.” In: Populism and Accountability: Interdisciplinary Researches on Active Citizenship, edited by Antonio Maria Baggio, Maria-Gabriella Baldarelli, and Samuel O. Idowu, 281-294. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-20032-8_13.

    Fioravante, Rosa, and Mara Del Baldo. 2023. “Business Democratic Value at Stake: A Business Ethics Perspective on Embedded Social and Political Responsibility.” In: Populism and Accountability: Interdisciplinary Researches on Active Citizenship, edited by Antonio Maria Baggio, Maria-Gabriella Baldarelli, and Samuel O. Idowu, 75-92. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-20032-8_4.

    Gaudiano, Valentina. 2023. “Sense of Belonging and Disillusionment: A Phenomenological Reading of Community Dynamics.” In: Populism and Accountability: Interdisciplinary Researches on Active Citizenship, edited by Antonio Maria Baggio, Maria-Gabriella Baldarelli, and Samuel O. Idowu, 209-233. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-20032-8_10.

    Giusta, Paolo. 2023. “Populism and Political Leadership.” In: Populism and Accountability: Interdisciplinary Researches on Active Citizenship, edited by Antonio Maria Baggio, Maria-Gabriella Baldarelli, and Samuel O. Idowu, 257-280. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-20032-8_12.

    Heinisch, Reinhard, and Oscar Mazzoleni. 2021. “Analysing and explaining populism: bringing frame, actor and context back in.” In: Political Populism: Handbook of Concepts, Questions and Strategies of Research, edited by Reinhard Heinisch, Christina Holtz-Bacha, and Oscar Mazzoleni, 105-122. Baden-Baden: Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft.

    Idowu, Samuel O. 2023. “Populism and Accountability: Interdisciplinary Researches – An Introduction.” In: Populism and Accountability: Interdisciplinary Researches on Active Citizenship, edited by Antonio Maria Baggio, Maria-Gabriella Baldarelli, and Samuel O. Idowu, 1-6. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-20032-8_1.

    Parolin, Giampietro. 2023. “Citizens’ Participation in Deliberation Process and Multidimensional Accountability: A Possible Virtuous Relationship.” In: Populism and Accountability: Interdisciplinary Researches on Active Citizenship, edited by Antonio Maria Baggio, Maria-Gabriella Baldarelli, and Samuel O. Idowu, 115-140. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-20032-8_6.

    Ropelato, Daniela. 2023. “In Search of the Relationship Between Democracy and Populism from a Multidimensional Perspective. Some Paths: Accountability, Deliberation and Co-governance.” In: Populism and Accountability: Interdisciplinary Researches on Active Citizenship, edited by Antonio Maria Baggio, Maria-Gabriella Baldarelli, and Samuel O. Idowu, 191-208. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-20032-8_9.

    Tosetto, Feliciano. 2023. “Accountability and Populism: An Anthropological Perspective.” In: Populism and Accountability: Interdisciplinary Researches on Active Citizenship, edited by Antonio Maria Baggio, Maria-Gabriella Baldarelli, and Samuel O. Idowu, 235-254. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-20032-8_11.

    Vignini, Stefania. 2023. “Accounting Systems of Postcommunist Balkan States: Towards Accounting Harmonization?.” In: Populism and Accountability: Interdisciplinary Researches on Active Citizenship, edited by Antonio Maria Baggio, Maria-Gabriella Baldarelli, and Samuel O. Idowu, 141-165. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-20032-8_7.