Bacterial Endophytes a Beneficial Microorganism for Disease Management and Stress Tolerance in Agricultural Crops

A Review

Abstract

Endophytes are the beneficial microorganisms that live inside the host cell or tissue. The major endophytes are fungi and bacteria. These bacterial endophytes are diverse in nature and constitute a major portion of the plant’s microbiome and these are beneficial to plants’ growth and development. The endophytic bacteria transmit in vertical and horizontal manner. Most of the plants in this environment have endophytic bacteria in them. The presence of endophytes in the plants’ bodies can prevent the disease occurrence in them. These bacterial endophytes are found in tropical to sub-tropical and in polar regions also where some plants can’t survive in extreme temperature or climatic conditions. The relationship between the plant and the bacterial endophyte is symbiotic relationship. Bacterial endophytes have a positive impact on plants’ growth and development. These bacteria contain many genes; these genes are responsible for the colonization inside the plant. These endophytes help to plant disease management. These bacteria also form biofilms that protect the plant from the pathogens and provide nutrients to plants.