Vol. 13 No. 1 (37) (2022)

The main purpose of the article is unfolding discussion and formulation of the problem of choosing the basic paradigm of public administration in Armenia at the present stage of reforms. Using the approaches of the securitization theory developed at the Copenhagen School, highlighted three main existential threats facing Armenia: a military threat, threats associated with a change in the economic pattern (mode) and the threats of loss of national identity. The described paradigms of public administration (administration) and the analysis of modern approaches to reforming public administration in different regions shows, that the choice of the paradigm of public administration should proceed from the understanding and prioritization of the existential threats facing the state. The task becomes more complicated, as different threats require different specific approaches in public administration and the state faces a dilemma of choice. Moreover, approaches to digital transformation in public sector and, accordingly, the chosen basic model of public administration fundamentally depend on the prioritization of threats. The approach proposed in the article requires the state authorities to rethink and significantly refine the proposed package of public administration reforms, presented for discussion to a wide range of the public. This will significantly increase effectiveness and performance of reforms.

At present, one of the most important characteristics of higher education is the massification, leading to a continuous increase in the number of those receiving education. However, higher education is still characterized by "elitism" and essential underrepresentation of poor and other vulnerable groups of population. In this paper, the correlation between higher education and poverty in Armenia as a key issue of social dimension has been studied and compared with the situation in different countries. The study was conducted by combining the methods of components of financial and economic analysis with educational research. The analysis of the collected data clearly shows that equity of higher education is not ensured in Armenia; in particular, the opportunities for entry into, progress and successful completion of higher education are critically unequal for young people from poor and prosperous families. The analysis also revealed that tuition fees and other education related costs is the main barrier in terms of receiving higher education. The research findings showed beyond doubt that poverty is a real obstacle in terms of receiving higher education, and not having higher education is a real danger of becoming poor.

Securitization of financing transactions in which companies sell rights to payment under mortgage, loans, accounts receivable, lease rentals, or other types of income-producing, financial assets to a trust or other special-purpose vehicle (an “SPV” sometimes interchangeably called a special-purpose entity or SPE). The goal is to separate these assets from the risks generally associated with the company. The company then can use these assets to raise funds in the capital markets at a lower cost than if the company, with its associated risks, had borrowed the funds. Structured finance in the RA is regulated by the Laws of the RA “On Asset Securitization” and “Laws on Secured Mortgage Bonds”. As of 2021, in the RA, within the framework of the current legislative norms, several releases have been implemented according to two models. Considering securitization as one of the best legal mechanisms in the financial system, however in the face of current challenges, regulators face new challenges that require legal regulation.

This article analyzes the relationship between justice and economic and tax efficiency. The method of scientific analysis of theoretical material, taking into account topical issues of social justice and economic and, in particular, tax efficiency, analyzes the hypothesis that a fair tax system contributes to economic efficiency. Taxes are one of the ways to redistribute income. However, every re-distribution faces a problem of justice and efficiency. Justice is the basic principle of social relations. Inefficiency is not a direct result of a lack of resources. Any inequality of opportunity leads to inefficiency; on the contrary, equality contributes to economic efficiency. Resolving the contradictions of justice, that is, meeting the needs of the individual, protecting interests, and meeting the interests of everyone, that is, efficiency, achieving balance, can generally reduce the severity of many conflicts in modern society. Using the method of scientific analysis of theoretical material, the hypothesis that a fair tax system is economically effective is researched.

The article proposes new methods for solving multicriteria problems in the agricultural sector. Four optimization tasks are formulated: maximizing the total yield of all benefits, maximizing the total profit, minimizing the total volume of irrigation water and minimizing the total risks of crop cultivation (hail, frost, drought, etc.). In addition, additional restrictions are also formulated: uniform distribution of the crop, ensuring food security, and export opportunities are also discussed. According to the above conditions (or part of them), 60 tasks arise, 44 of which are multicriteria (with two, three or four objective functions). To solve these problems, three methods are proposed: the method of combining objective functions and combinations of weight coefficients, the dynamic programming method, the method of cuts and exclusions, which are mostly new. All these methods, with some simple transformations, can be applied to solve problems both in the field of economics and in various areas of public life. The algorithms of the methods are described, their complexity is estimated. The algorithms of all proposed methods are efficient (with polynomial complexity). Some suggestions and comments are given that will expand the range of problems under consideration, or, by narrowing this range; improve the efficiency of the proposed methods.

Սույն թվականի հունվարի 7-ին ԵՊՀ տնտեսագիտության և կառավարման ֆակուլտետում տեղի ունեցավ   «ՀՀ անվտանգության հիմնախնդիրները» խորագրով գիտական սեմինար, որը վարում էր տնտեսագիտության և կառավարման ֆակուլտետի դեկան, ԵՊՀ  Սահմանադրական տնտեսագիտության գիտավերլուծական կենտրոնի տնօրեն,  տնտեսագիտության դոկտոր, պրոֆեսոր Հայկ Սարգսյանը։