Vol. 14 No. 3 (42) (2023)

Each institution of a complex economic system, as a matter of fact, has its effect on reducing or increasing the country's economic stability. When we look at the global economy, these various institutions, under the influence of random or non-random phenomena, continuously change the nature of their interactions, changing also the level of global economic stability. Based on the importance of economic stability, it is necessary to highlight the factors in the sphere of influence of which economic stability has a positive effect on various infrastructures of countries.

The article discusses the current problems of economic stability in the 25 countries of the European Union. To solve this complex problem, econometric methods are used; in particular, correlation-regression analysis was carried out with the help of the EViews software package. The obtained results show that in order to ensure economic stability in each country, it is necessary to pay attention to the levels of such indices as the index of global innovation, the index of economic complexity, the index of human potential development, the index of quality infrastructure. As a result of our calculations, it was found that in order to ensure the economic stability of each country of the European Union, it is necessary to implement reforms in various economic directions, which are presented in our research.

The study analyzes the use of econometric methods to optimize human capital management. The study aims to combine various econometric methods into a step-by-step algorithm to improve the human capital management system. The methodological basis of the study was the principal component analysis (PCA), cluster analysis using the K-means method, and linear discriminant analysis (LDA). Testing of the selected methods was implemented using the Python programming language. Enterprises from the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) countries were selected as test objects; the total sample for selected enterprises amounted to 200 observations for 15 indicators characterizing human capital. Using PCA to reduce data dimensionality simplified a complex data set, making it more manageable for identifying critical areas of variability in aspects of human capital. Testing showed that the four principal components explained about 78.7% of the variance in the data. Using K-means allowed the data to be grouped into four separate clusters that identified different groups of employees with specific characteristics. The application of LDA helped to identify the key factors separating the clusters. Testing showed that the first and second discriminant components effectively separated the clusters, explaining a significant portion of the variance between them (78.7% of explained variance). The study results demonstrate the importance of using econometric methods in the actual practice of human capital management, offering new approaches and tools for increasing the efficiency of management decisions in the context of accelerating the intellectual development of economic systems.

Global retail sales of nicotine-containing tobacco products including both cigarettes with filter and without, as well as e-cigarettes, heated cigarettes, and other nicotine-containing tobacco products totaled approximately $853 billion in 2020. The volume of retail sales of cigarettes was about 717 billion dollars (5.2 trillion rolls), about 84.1 percent of the total. In case of adding the volumes of cigars and cigarillos to this indicator, combustible cigarettes will be turned out to be about 93.1 percent of the retail sales of tobacco products in 2020.

According to the World Health Organization, 22 percent of the world's population uses tobacco products in 2020. The Republic of Armenia is ranked 42^nd in the world in terms of the proportion of smokers in the total population, making 25.5%. The study showed that the import volumes of tobacco products decreased by almost 20% in 2022 compared to 2019, along with which the import volumes of heated and electronic cigarettes increased. 37% of cigarettes were imported from RF, 68% of electronic cigarettes were imported from the PRC, and 99% of heated cigarettes were imported from the RF. 72% of the total volume of cigarette exports and 75% of heated cigarettes were exported to the Republic of Iraq.

The current system of food security in the Republic of Armenia is ineffective due to organizational, management, economic, financial and other factors. Essentially, the infrastructures and links included in the purchase, processing and value chains of agricultural products do not function systematically. Valuing the role of farms in the value chain of agricultural products and adjusting and stabilizing the expected income level remains on the agenda.

The purpose of the study of the article is to highlight the place and role of the agricultural holdings by analyzing the value chain of wheat in Armenia, to justify the implementation of complex approaches of branch policy measures.

The objectives of the study of the article are to analyze the value chain of wheat production, the activities of the main actors, the existing problems and solution paths in the production link of the value chain.

Dialectical, scientific abstraction, analysis methods were used during the research. The informational and methodological basis for the article was the conducted telephone surveys, newsletters and publications of the Statistical Committee of the Republic of Armenia, materials of magazines and various scientific articles.

Grain production in Armenia should be considered among the sectoral priorities of development, the policy aimed at increasing the level of wheat production and self-sufficiency should be systemic and targeted. As a result of the research, the need for group classification of agricultural farms engaged in wheat production is presented, combining production and economic indicators and the application of cluster approaches aimed at the effective functioning of the wheat value chain.

The article discusses the role of state-owned joint stock companies in the country's economy and financial system. Analyzing the viewpoints of a number of famous economists, a number of problems typical for effective SOE management were raised. The role of SOEs has been considered by three separate viewpoint. In one case as they considered as bodies that pay dividends to the state budget and provide state budget revenues and in the other case as bodies active within the framework of state policy in areas where private participation is not possible to achieve the stated goals of the state. In addition, in terms of state funds, SOEs were considered as entities providing financial flows in the form of investments in the economy. In the article, the problems and possible risks of the SOE management process in RA were identified and classified in the mentioned cases, as well as innovative proposals for their solution were presented. Compilations of statistical data on state-owned companies in foreign countries have been carried out.

Management challenges, financial processes, operational efficiency and productivity, transparency and accountability, legislative, political, social economic and other issues discussed in the system approach were highlighted in the process of managing the state share of SOEs.

The article assesses the impact of the value-added tax (VAT) on the sectors of the RA economy, comparing the growth rates of these sectors with the analysis of the VAT growth rate. RA industry, construction, trade, and services were considered as areas of study.

To address the problem presented in the article, socio-economic relations between the considered sectors and VAT were studied. Regression analysis of the identified relations was conducted using quantitative analysis methods, and the degree of dependence of the sectors of the Republic's economy on value-added tax was evaluated. The research was conducted using the Eviews 10 statistical computer program, where multifactor regression models were constructed, and their parameters were estimated using the method of least squares. The results of the performed regression analysis indicated a significant dependence between the examined sectors and VAT. Taking into account the results of the model evaluation, it was concluded that, under otherwise equal conditions, construction volumes increased by 0.8 % with a 1 % rise in the VAT growth rate. Simultaneously, the trade turnover growth rate increased by 0.6 % with a corresponding 1 % increase in the VAT growth rate. Additionally, the rate of growth of the volume of services (excluding trade) rose by 0.4 %, and the rate of growth of the volume of industrial output increased by 0.3 % with a corresponding 1 % increase in the VAT growth rate.

The article presents possible approaches to the classification of robots and the scope of their application. In a broad sense, dividing the robotics market into production and service robotics, we see that, despite the fact that production robotics is a predominant part of the global robotics market; it has been experiencing what can be said to be static growth at the expense of its field for many years. As for service robotics, it can be stated that in recent years there has been rapid growth in this area. This circumstance is determined by several principles. First of all, this is determined by the creation and distribution of new types of personal service robots, which are used in people’s everyday life and make it easier. In this sense, one can distinguish between robotic vacuum cleaners, kitchen robots, robotic assistants (robots that provide care for the elderly or disabled) and others. As for professional service robotics, it can be noted that the conditions of bans and isolation due to the Coronavirus epidemic also served as an incentive for the development of this area. In this situation, for example, the need for robot consultants in stores or robots delivering food and medicine has come to the fore. This trend continued even after the pandemic ended.