Vol. 10 No. 2 (25) (2024)

DOI: https://doi.org/10.46991/BYSU.H/2024.10.2
Published: 2025-03-13

Full Issue

Literary criticism

  • Literary criticism

    Intertextual Analysis of A.S. Pushkin’s «I Remember a Wonderful Moment…»: on the Controversy about the Addressee

    Marianna Mkrtchyan
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    Abstract

    The article is devoted to the intertextual analysis of Pushkin's poem «To***» («A Magic Moment I Remember…») based on its comparison with the other poems by Pushkin and with  the works of V.A. Zhukovsky, who is the author of the famous line «The genius of pure beauty».

    The generally accepted addressee of the poem is A.P. Kern, although this version has been repeatedly questioned. The Empress Elisaveta Alexeevna is increasingly named as the addressee. This version has been expressed many times, but for the first time we have considered it from the standpoint of the intertextual approach. The analysis of the image of the beloved, lexical structure of the several poems by Pushkin and intersections of their themes and motives, and  also the features of the poet's work on the text drafts shows that the poem «To***» can be put in one row with other works that form a certain unity together and are united by the same addressee. These include «To her», «The Oak groves, where in the silence of the freedom...», «To N.Ya. P<lyuskova>», «At the beginning of my life I remember school...»). In turn, the line «The genius of pure beauty» borrowed by Pushkin from Zhukovsky introduces into the text of the poem a whole set of additional implicit meanings that do not fit into the version about Kern as its addressee.

    The analysis of both poets’ texts, one more time insistently shows the necessity to review to whom the poem was addressed, as well as, to include the second version into textbooks and tutorials.

    References

    ИСТОЧНИКИ

    Державин, Г.Р., 2019. Собрание сочинений в 10-ти томах. Т.1. Москва: Народное образование.

    Жуковский, В.А., 1999-2019. Полное собрание сочинений и писем в двадцати томах. Москва: Языки русской культуры.

    Карамзин, Н.М., 1966. Полное собрание стихотворений. Москва-Ленинград, Советский писатель.

    Пушкин, А.С., 1950. Полное собрание сочинений в 10-ти томах. Москва-Ленинград: Издательство Академии наук СССР, 1950-1951.

    Пушкин, А.С., 2004. Полное собрание сочинений в 20 томах. Санкт-Петербург: Наука. 1999-2019.

    Wieland, Ch.M., 2024. Die erste Liebe. Projekt Gutenberg-De. URL: https://www.projekt-gutenberg.org/wieland/gedichte/chap007.html [дата обращения 12.09.2024]

    СПИСОК НАУЧНОЙ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ

    Аринштейн Л., 2012. Пушкин: И про царей и про цариц. Москва: Игра слов.

    Белецкий, А.И., 1964. Избранные труды по теории литературы. Москва: Просвещение.

    Варламова, И., 2014. Александр Пушкин мог быть влюблен в императрицу Елизавету. Российская газета, 127 (6399). URL: https://rg.ru/2014/06/06/pushkin.html [дата обращения 22.07.2024]

    Васильев, Б.А., 1995. Духовный путь Пушкина. Москва: Sam & Sam.

    Васильева, Л.Н., 2011. Жена и Муза: Тайна Александра Пушкина. Москва: Бослен.

    Викторова, К.П., 2014. Пушкин и императрица. Тайная любовь. Москва: Алгоритм.

    Гарипова, В.И., 2003. «В начале жизни школу помню я...» (о комментировании пушкинской лирики). URL: https://socionavtika.narod.ru/Staty/diegesis/pushkin.htm [дата обращения 25.07.2024]

    Гаспаров, Б.М., 1996. Поэтический язык Пушкина как факт истории русского литературного языка. Wiener Slawistischer Almanach, Sonderband, Wien, 27.

    Городецкий, Б.П., 1962. Лирика Пушкина. Москва-Ленинград: Издательство Академии наук СССР.

    Готовцева А.Г., 2011. Как «природа» обернулась «свободой»: К истории публикации одного пушкинского текста в журнале «Соревнователь просвещения и благотворения». Вестник РГГУ, 6(68)/11, сс.166-179.

    Данилевский, Р.Ю., 1978. Виланд и его «история абдеритов». В кн: К.М. Виланд. История абдеритов. М.: Наука. URL: http://www.philology.ru/literature3/danilevsky-78.htm [дата обращения 12.09.2024]

    Егорова, Е.Н., 2008. Кому посвящены стихи «Я помню чудное мгновенье». URL: https://proza.ru/2008/08/28/5 [дата обращения 01.07.2024]

    Крылов-Толстикович А., 2012. Императрица Елизавета Алексеевна. URL: https://proza.ru/2012/11/18/409 [дата обращения 15.09.2024]

    Мандельштам, О.Э., 1987. Слово и культура: Статьи. Москва: Советский писатель.

    Мартынова, А.Н. и Прозорова, Н.А., 2002. Неизвестный В.Я. Пропп. Санкт-Петербург: Алетейя.

    Салова, С.А., 2011. К.М. Виланд в рецепции Г.Р. Державина. Литературоведческий журнал, 28: Материалы III Международного симпозиума «Русская словесность в мировом культурном контексте», сс.34-42.

    Смирнов, И.П., 1985. Порождение интертекста. Элементы интертекстуального анализа с примерами из творчества Б.Л. Пастернака. Wiener Slawistischer Almanach ∙Sonderband, 17.

    Томашевский, Б.В., 1934. Материалы по истории первого собрания стихотворений Пушкина (1826 г.). В кн.: Литературное наследство. Т. 16/18. Александр Пушкин. Москва: Журнально-газетное объединение, сс.825-868.

    Томашевский, Б.В., 1961. Пушкин: [В 2 кн.] Кн. 2. Материалы к монографии (1824—1837)..]. Москва; Ленинград: Издательство АН СССР.

    Чистова И.С., 1996. К кому обращено стихотворение А.С. Пушкина «К ней»? Русская речь, 5, сс.3-10.

    Щербачев, Ю.Н., 1912. Приятели Пушкина. Михаил Андреевич Щербинин и Петр Павлович Каверин. Москва: Издание Императорского общества и древностей российских при московском университете.

    REFERENCES

    Arinshteyn L., 2012. Pushkin: I pro tsarey i pro tsarits. [Pushin: Of Kings and Queens]. Moscow: Igra slov Publ. (In Russian).

    Beletskiy, A.I., 1964. Izbrannye trudy po teorii literatury. [Collected Works on Theory of Literature]. Moscow: Prosveshhenie Publ. (In Russian).

    Varlamova, I., 2014. Aleksandr Pushkin mog byt' vlyublen v imperatritsu Elizavetu. [Alexander Pushkin May Have Been in Love with Empress Elizabeth]. Rossiyskaya gazeta, 127 (6399). URL: https://rg.ru/2014/06/06/pushkin.html [Accessed 22.07.2024] (In Russian).

    Vasil'ev, B.A., 1995. Dukhovnyy put' Pushkina. [Pushkin's Spiritual Path]. Moscow: Sam & Sam. Publ. (In Russian).

    Vasil'eva, L.N., 2011. Zhena i Muza: Tayna Aleksandra Pushkina. [Wife and Muse: The Mystery of Alexander Pushkin]. Moscow: Boslen. Publ. (In Russian).

    Viktorova, K.P., 2014. Pushkin i imperatritsa. Taynaya lyubov'. [Pushkin and the Empress: The Secret Love] Moscow: Algoritm. Publ. (In Russian).

    Garipova, V.I., 2003. «V nachale zhizni shkolu pomnyu ya...» (o kommentirovanii pushkinskoy liriki). [«At the beginning of my life, I remember school» (about commenting on Pushkin's lyrics]. URL: https://socionavtika.narod.ru/Staty/diegesis/pushkin.htm [Accessed 25.07.2024] (In Russian).

    Gasparov, B. M., 1996. Poeticheskiy yazyk Pushkina kak fakt istorii russkogo literaturnogo yazyka. [Alexander Pushkin's Poetic Diction as a Fact of Russian Literary Language History]. Wiener Slawistischer Almanach, Sonderband, 27. (In Russian).

    Gorodetskiy, B.P., 1962. Lirika Pushkina. [Pushkin’s Lyrics]. Moscow-Leningrad: Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union. Publ. (In Russian).

    Gotovtseva A.G., 2011. Kak «priroda» obernulas' «svobodoj»: K istorii publikacii odnogo pushkinskogo teksta v zhurnale «Sorevnovatel' prosveshcheniya i blagotvoreniya». [How «nature» turned into «freedom»: On the history of the publication of one of Pushkin’s texts in the journal «Sorevnovatel' prosveshcheniya i blagotvoreniya»] Vestnik RGGU, 6(68)/11, pp.166-179. (In Russian).

    Danilevskiy, R. Yu., 1978. Wieland i ego «istoriya abderitov». [Wieland and his «History of the Abderites»] In: Ch.M. Wieland. Istoriya abderitov. Moscow: Nauka. URL: http://www.philology.ru/literature3/danilevsky-78.htm [Accessed 12.09.2024] (In Russian).

    Egorova, E.N., 2008. Komu posvyashcheny stikhi «Ya pomnyu chudnoe mgnoven'e». [To Whom is the Poem «I remember a Wonderful moment…» dedicated?] URL: https://proza.ru/2008/08/28/5 [Accessed 01.07.2024] (In Russian).

    Krylov-Tolstikovich A., 2012. Imperatritsa Elizaveta Alekseevna. [The Empress Elisaveta Alexeevna] https://proza.ru/2012/11/18/409 [Accessed 15.09.2024] (In Russian).

    Mandel'shtam, O.E., 1987. Slovo i kul'tura: Stat'i. [Word and culture: Аrticles]. Moscow: Sovetskiy pisatel'. Publ. (In Russian).

    Martynova, A. N. and Prozorova, N. A., 2002. Neizvestnyy V.Ya. Propp. [Unknown V.Ya. Propp]. St.Petersburg: Aleteyya. Publ. (In Russian).

    Salova, S.A., 2011. Ch.M. Wieland v receptsii G.R.Derzhavina. [Wieland in Derzhavin's reception] Literaturovedcheskiy zhurnal, 28: Materialy III Mezhdunarodnogo simpoziuma «Russkaya slovesnost' v mirovom kul'turnom kontekste», pp.34-42. (In Russian).

    Smirnov, I.P., 1985. Porozhdenie interteksta. Elementy intertekstual'nogo analiza s primerami iz tvorchestva B.L.Pasternaka. [Generation of intertext (elements of intertextual analysis with examples from the works of. B. Pasternak]. Wiener Slawistischer Almanach, Sonderband, 17. (In Russian).

    Tomashevskiy, B.V., 1934. Materialy po istorii pervogo sobraniya stihotvoreniy Pushkina (1826). [Materials on the History of the First Collection of Pushkin's poems (1826)] In.: Literaturnoe nasledstvo. T. 16/18. Aleksandr Pushkin. Moscow: Zhurnal'no-gazetnoe ob’edinenie Publ., pp.825-868. (In Russian).

    Tomashevskij, B.V., 1961. Pushkin. [In 2 books] Book 2. Materialy k monografii (1824—1837)]. Moscow; Leningrad: Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union. Publ. (In Russian).

    Chistova I.S., 1996. K komu obrashcheno stihotvorenie A.S.Pushkina «K ney»? [To Whom is the Poem «To her» addressed]. Russkaya rech', 5, pp.3-10. (In Russian).

    Shcherbachev, Yu.N., 1912. Priyateli Pushkina. Mihail Andreevich Shcherbinin i Petr Pavlovich Kaverin. [Pushkin’s acquaintances Mihail Andreevich Shcherbinin i Petr Pavlovich Kaverin] Moscow: Imperial Society and Russian Antiquities at Moscow University Publ. (In Russian).

Linguistics

  • Linguistics

    Contexts of Functioning of Infedinite Pronouns with –нибудь

    Diana Gazarova
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    Abstract

    The article examines the features of the functioning of indefinite pronouns with -нибудь. The meaning of indefiniteness is expressed by all indefinite pronouns: with –то, –нибудь, –либо, кое-, не-. However, these pronouns are not interchangeable in all cases. The choice of pronoun is influenced by various linguopragmatic factors. The article presents six main contexts in which the use of indefinite pronouns with -нибудь becomes possible: 1) sentences with probability value, 2) сonditional and interrogative sentences, 3) imperative sentences and situations related to the future plan, 4) contexts of suspended assertion and indirect negation, 5) sentences with the meaning of distributivity and multiplicity and 6) sentences with the meaning of estimation. The article examines the linguopragmatic factors that influence functioning of these indefinite pronouns. The use of indefinite pronouns with -нибудь is influenced by the presence of a meaning of an non-fixed referent. These pronouns are possible first of all in situations where the action has not been completed yet, where the probability that the action may occur is only expressed. The non-chosen, non-fixed nature of the referent makes it possible to use the pronouns we have considered in contexts with the meaning of probability, incentive to action, interrogative constructions, in situations related to the plan of the future. In contexts related to the past, the use of indefinite pronouns with -нибудь is possible only under the condition that we are talking about a multiple event, action that does not have one specific referent. Pronouns with -нибудь are capable of expressing the speaker's assessment of the object/person/phenomenon described. This is especially evident in the combination of indefinite pronouns and proper names. Contexts in which pronouns with -нибудь express the speaker's dismissive attitude are also considered.

    References

    СПИСОК НАУЧНОЙ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ

    Газарова, Д.Ю., 2021. Семантика оценки в местоимениях. Вестник Ереванского университета. Русская филология, 1, cc. 43-57. https://doi.org/10.46991/BYSU:H/2021.7.1.043

    Гуревич, В.В., 1983. О семантике неопределенности. Филологические науки, 1, cс. 54-60.

    Левин, Ю.И. 1973. О семантике местоимений. В кн.: Левин, Ю.И. Проблемы грамматического моделирования. Москва: Наука, сс.108-121.

    Падучева, Е.В., 1985. Высказывание и его соотнесенность с действительностью (Референциальные аспекты семантики местоимений). Москва: Наука.

    Падучева, Е.В., 1997. Кто же вышел из «Шинели» Гоголя? (о подразумеваемых субъектах неопределенных местоимений. Известия РАН, 2, сс.20-27.

    Падучева, Е.В., 2005. Эффекты снятой утвердительности: глобальное отрицание. Русский язык в научном освещении, 2(10), сс.17-42. URL: https://lexicograph.ruslang.ru/TextPdf2/ryns2005.pdf [дата обращения: 15.12.2024].

    Падучева, Е.В., 2015. Местоимения отрицательной полярности. URL: https://clck.ru/3FFRLv [дата обращения:15.12.2024].

    Селиверстова, О.Н., 1988. Местоимения в языке и речи. Москва: Наука.

    Шмелев, А.Д., 2002. Русский язык и внеязыковая действительность. Москва: Языки славянской культуры.

    Haspelmath, Martin, 1997. Indefinite pronouns. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    REFERENCES

    Gazarova, D.Yu., 2021. Semantika otsenki v mestoimeniyakh [Semantics of estimation in pronouns]. Vestnik Erevanskogo universiteta. Russkaya filologiya [Bulletin of Yerevan State University. Russian philology], 1, pp.43-57. https://doi.org/10.46991/BYSU:H/2021.7.1.043 (in Russian).

    Gurevich, V.V., 1983. O semantike neopredelennosti [On the semantics of indefiniteness]. Filologicheskie nauki [Philological sciences], 1, pp.54-60 (in Russian).

    Levin, Ju.I. 1973. O semantike mestoimenij [On the semantics of pronouns]. In: Levin, Ju.I., Problemy grammaticheskogo modelirovanija [Grammatical modeling problems]. Moscow: Nauka Publ., pp.108-121. (in Russian).

    Paducheva, E.V., 1985. Vyskazyvanie i ego sootnesennost' s dejstvitel'nost'ju (Referencial'nye aspekty semantiki mestoimenij) [Statement and its relation to reality (Referential aspects of the semantics of pronouns)]. Moscow: Nauka Publ. (in Russian).

    Paducheva, E.V., 1997. Kto zhe vyshel iz “Shineli” Gogolya? (o podrazumevaemykh sub"ektakh neopredelennykh mestoimeniy [Who came out of Gogol’s “The overcoat”? (on the implied subjects of indefinite pronouns)]. Izvestiya RAN [Bulletin of Russian Academy of Sciences], 2, pp.20-27 (in Russian).

    Paducheva, E.V., 2005. Effekty snyatoy utverditel'nosti: global'noe otritsanie [Effects of suspended assertion: global negationa]. Russkiy yazyk v nauchnom osveshchenii [Russian language in scientific coverage], 2(10), pp.17-42. URL: https://lexicograph.ruslang.ru/TextPdf2/ryns2005.pdf [Accessed 15 December 2024] (in Russian).

    Paducheva, E.V., 2015. Mestoimeniya otritsatel'noy polyarnosti [Pronouns of negative polarity]. URL: https://clck.ru/3FFRLv [Accessed 15 December 2024] (in Russian).

    Seliverstova, O.N., 1988, Mestoimeniya v yazyke i rechi [Pronouns in language and speech]. Moscow: Nauka Publ. (in Russian).

    Shmelev, A. D., 2002. Russkiy yazyk i vneyazykovaya deystvitel'nost' [Russian language and extralinguistic reality]. Moscow: Yazyki slavyanskoy kul'tury Publ. (in Russian).

    Haspelmath, Martin, 1997. Indefinite pronouns. Oxford: Oxford University Press (in English).

  • Linguistics

    Semantic Organizacion of The Synonymic Sets

    Rouzan Grdzelyan
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    Abstract

    The article examines the Russian and Armenian synonymic sets from the point of view of their semantic organization. We put forward a hypothesis that the basis of the semantic mechanisms for the formation of synonyms is the idea of ​​semantic patterns. Features associated with the predominance of certain patterns in a language can be considered a typological characteristic of a given language. Thus, the relevance of such a topic is due to the desire to consider the traditional problem of synonymy from a different point of view, in the context of a different scientific approach to synonymy as a semantic mechanism of identity, to the ability of a language to generate self-similar models. This approach can contribute to the development of new research methods in the field of theoretical linguistics and lexical typology. The study examines synonyms within the framework of their traditional presentation in the form of a synonymic sets and makes an attempt to describe them as a certain semantic, conceptual whole, consisting of words / meanings of words, semantic components that have a certain organization and are in certain relationships. By analogy with the semantic field, the synonymic sets also has a component or components that is obligatory for all words of the series - the semantic core, as well as a number of additional, optional semantic elements. Thus, a synonymic sets may include words with the same set of semantic components. The number of similar words indicates a low or, conversely, high degree of recurrence of synonyms with the same set of semantic components. A synonymous series as a conceptual space can include a different set of optional semantic components, that is, have a greater or lesser degree of detail in the semantic structure - different nominative density. It seems that the description of the synonymic sets from this point of view is most effective for identifying typological differences between groups of synonyms in two languages.

    References

    СПИСОК НАУЧНОЙ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ

    Адлер, А. Цитаты. URL: http://surl.li/atpyff [дата обращения: 19.07.2024].

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    Коряковцева, Е.И., 2011. Языковой образ патриота в современных общественных дискурсах России, Польши и Чехии. Вестник Нижегородского университета им. Н.И. Лобачевского, 6(2), сс.314 – 318. URL: http://surl.li/lbmjly [дата обращения: 19.07.2024].

    Мандельброт, Б. Фрактальная геометрия природы. URL: http://surl.li/auejkv [дата обращения: 19.07.2024].

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    Ульманн, С. 1970. Семантические универсалии. В кн.: Новое в лингвистике: Языковые универсалии. Вып.5. Москва: Прогресс, сс.250-299.

    Филлмор, Ч. 1983. Об организации семантической информации в словаре. В кн.: Новое в зарубежной лингвистике. Проблемы и методы лексикографии. Вып.14. Москва: Прогресс, сс.:23-60.

    СПИСОК ИСПОЛЬЗОВАННЫХ СЛОВАРЕЙ

    Александрова, З.Е., 1968. Словарь синонимов русского языка. Л.А. Чешко ред. Москва: Советская энциклопедия.

    Александрова, З.Е., 2011. Словарь синонимов русского языка. Практический справочник. URL: http://surl.li/pyhziv [дата обращения: 19.07.2024].

    Даль, Вл., 1955. Толковый словарь живого великорусского языка, тт. 1-4, 6-е изд. Москва: Государственное издательство иностранных и национальных словарей.

    Новый объяснительный словарь синонимов русского языка (НОССРЯ), 2004. Ю.Д. Апресян ред. Москва; Вена: Языки славянской культуры; Венский славистический альманах. URL: http://surl.li/sopozn [дата обращения: 19.07.2024].

    Ожегов, С.И., Шведова, Н.Ю. Толковый словарь русского языка. URL: https://ozhegov.info/slovar/ [дата обращения: 19.07.2024].

    Словарь русского языка, 1981–1984. А.П. Евгеньева ред., тт. 1-4, 2-е изд. Москва: Русский язык.

    Толковый словарь Ушакова онлайн. URL: https://ushakovdictionary.ru/ [дата обращения – 19.07.2024].

    Тришин, В.Н., 2013. Словарь синонимов. URL: http://surl.li/rlbveo [дата обращения: 19.07.2024].

    Աղայան, Էդ., 1976. Արդի հայերենի բացատրական բառարան. Երեւան, Հայաստան URL: http://surl.li/nauiwz [дата обращения - 19.07.2024].

    Ժամանակակից հայոց լեզվի բացատրական բառարան, 1974. Երեւան, Հայկական ՍՍՀ Գիտությունների Ակադեմիայի Հրատարակչություն. URL: http://surl.li/byqmos [дата обращения - 19.07.2024].

    Մալխասեանց, Ս․, 1944. Հայերէն բացատրական բառարան. Երեւան, Հայկական ՍՍՌ Պետական Հրատարակչութիւն. URL: http://surl.li/hegxrh [дата обращения - 19.07.2024].

    Սուքիասյան, Ա.Մ., 2009. Հայոց լեզվի հոմանիշների բացատրական բառարան։ Երեւան, Երեւանի Պետական Համալսարանի հրատարակչություն. URL: http://surl.li/nluqyf [дата обращения - 19.07.2024].

    REFERENCES

    Adler, A. Tsitaty [Quotes]. URL: http://surl.li/atpyff [Accessed 19 July 2024]. (in Russian).

    Aristotel'. Metafizika [Metaphysics]. URL: http://surl.li/gkjihj [Accessed 19 July 2024]. (in Russian).

    Vostochnoarmyanskiy natsional'nyy korpus (VANK) [Eastern Armenian National Corps]. URL: http://surl.li/qklaig [Accessed 19 July 2024]. (in Russian).

    Koryakovtseva, E.I., 2011. Yazykovoy obraz patriota v sovremennykh obshchestvennykh diskursakh Rossii, Pol'shi i Chekhii [The Linguistic Image of a Patriot in Modern Public Discourses of Russia, Poland and the Czech Republic]. Vestnik Nizhegorodskogo universiteta im. N.I. Lobachevskogo, 6(2), pp.314–318. URL: http://surl.li/lbmjly [Accessed 19 July 2024]. (in Russian).

    Mandel'brot, B. Fraktal'naya geometriya prirody [Fractal Geometry of Nature]. URL: http://surl.li/auejkv [Accessed 19 July 2024]. (in Russian).

    Natsional'nyy korpus russkogo yazyka (NKRYa) [National Corpus of the Russian Language]. URL: https://ruscorpora.ru/new/ [Accessed 19 July 2024]. (in Russian).

    Ullmann, S., 1970. Semanticheskie universalii [Semantic Universals]. In: Novoe v lingvistike: Yazykovye universalii. [New in Linguistics: Language Universals]. Issue 5. Moscow: Progress Publ., pp.250-299. (in Russian).

    Fillmor, Ch., 1983. Ob organizatsii semanticheskoy informatsii v slovare [On Organizing Semantic Information Into a Dictionary]. In: Novoe v zarubezhnoj lingvistike. Problemy i metody leksikografii. [New in Foreign Linguistics. Problems and Methods of Lexicography.]. Issue 14. Moscow: Progress Publ., pp.:23-60. (in Russian).

    THE LIST OF USED DICTIONARIES

    Aleksandrova, Z.E., 1968. Slovar' sinonimov russkogo yazyka [Dictionary of Synonyms of The Russian Language]. L.A. Cheshko ed. Moscow: Sovetskaja jenciklopedija Publ. (in Russian).

    Aleksandrova, Z.E., 2011. Slovar' sinonimov russkogo yazyka. Prakticheskiy spravochnik [Dictionary of Synonyms of The Russian Language. Practical Guide]. URL: http://surl.li/pyhziv [Accessed 19 July 2024]. (in Russian).

    Dal', Vl., 1955, Tolkovyy slovar' zhivogo velikorusskogo yazyka [Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language], vv. 1-4, 6-th ed. Moscow: Gosudarstvennoe izdatel'stvo inostrannykh i natsional'nykh slovarey Publ. (in Russian).

    Novyy ob"yasnitel'nyy slovar' sinonimov russkogo yazyka (NOSSRYa) [New Explanatory Dictionary of Synonyms of the Russian Language], 2004. Yu. D. Apresyan ed. Moscow; Vienna: Yazyki slavyanskoy kul'tury Publ; Venskiy slavisticheskiy al'manakh Publ. URL: http://surl.li/sopozn [Accessed 19 July 2024]. (in Russian).

    Ozhegov, S.I. and Shvedova, N.Yu. Tolkovyy slovar' russkogo yazyka [Explanatory Dictionary of The Russian Language]. URL: https://ozhegov.info/slovar/ [Accessed 19 July 2024]. (in Russian).

    Slovar' russkogo yazyka [Russian Dictionary], 1981-1984. A.P. Evgen'eva ed, Vol.1-4, 2-nd ed. Moscow: Russkiy yazyk Puvl. (in Russian).

    Tolkovyy slovar' Ushakova onlayn [Online Explanatory Dictionary of The Russian Language]. URL: https://ushakovdictionary.ru/ [Accessed 19 July 2024]. (in Russian).

    Trishin, V.N., 2013. Slovar' sinonimov [Dictionary of Synonyms]. URL: http://surl.li/rlbveo [Accessed 19 July 2024]. (in Russian).

    Aghayan, Ed., 1976. Ardi hayereni bats’atrakan barraran [Explanatory Dictionary of Modern Armenian]. Yerevan: Hayastan Publ. URL: http://surl.li/nauiwz [Accessed 19 July 2024]. (in Armenian).

    Zhamanakakits’ hayots’ lezvi bats’atrakan barraran [Explanatory Dictionary of Modern Armenian], 1974. Yerevan: Armenian SSR Academy of Sciences Publ. URL: http://surl.li/byqmos [Accessed 19 July 2024]. (in Armenian).

    Malkhaseanc, S., 1944. Hayere'n bacatrakan bar'aran [Armenian Explanatory Dictionary]. Erevan: Armenian SSR State Publ. URL: http://surl.li/hegxrh [Accessed 19 July 2024]. (in Armenian).

    Suk’iasyan, A. M., 2009. Hayots’ lezvi homanishneri bats’atrakan barraran [Explanatory Dictionary of Synonyms of the Armenian Language]. Yerevan: Yerevan State Univ. Publ. URL: http://surl.li/nluqyf [Accessed 19 July 2024]. (in Armenian).

  • Linguistics

    Independent Infinitive as the Subject of Linguodidactic Study

    Lianna Matevosyan
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    Abstract

    Linguists’ interest in the indefinite form of the verb remains undiminished – this topic is still relevant today. Linguists continue to debate its functional use. The syntactic multi functionality of the independent infinitive and the resulting disagreements among linguists give rise to disputes when differentiating between impersonal and infinitive sentences. Interest in the semantics of infinitive sentences – which are diverse, multifaceted, and thus open to an expanding list of semantic groups within the system of infinitive sentences and their descriptions – doesn’t fade away.

    The focus of our study is the independent infinitive, which functions as the principal element in infinitive sentences. However, it is presented as a constituent of the predicative basis of impersonal sentences alongside with the dependent infinitive in all Russian and domestic school textbooks, except for the textbook by V. V. Babaitseva and L. D. Chesnokova [2023]. This is true for the so-called “school grammar”, but the “university grammar” is altogether different.

    The combination of infinitive sentences with impersonal ones in “school grammar” is not accidental. Indeed, they have a common syntactic feature – non-subjectivity, the incompatibility of the main infinitive member with the nominative case. However, infinitive sentences differ significantly from impersonal ones. The infinitive is a non-predicative form, but in an independent syntactic position, it becomes a carrier of predicativity, i.e., it acquires the predicative meanings of objective modality.

                   At present, in “school grammar”, the issue of distinguishing infinitive sentences as an independent type in the system of single-component sentences has not been resolved.

    References

    СПИСОК НАУЧНОЙ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ

    Бабайцева, В.В., 2017. Система членов предложения в современном русском языке. 2-е изд. Москва: Флинта.

    Бабайцева, В.В. и Чеснокова, Л.Д., 2023. Русский язык. 5–9 классы. Теория. Учебник. Москва: Просвещение.

    Галкина-Федорук, Е.М., 1958. Безличные предложения в современном русском языке. Москва: Изд-во Московского университета.

    Лекант, П.А., 2006. О грамматической форме инфинитивного предложения. В кн.: П.А. Лекант ред. Русское слово и высказывание: рациональное и эмоциональное. Межвузовский сборник научных трудов. Москва: изд-во Московского гос. областного ун-та, сс.3–7.

    Пешковский, А.М., 2001. Русский синтаксис в научном освещении. 8-е изд. Москва: Языки славянской культуры.

    Русская грамматика, 1980. Н.Ю. Шведовa ред. Т.2. Москва: Наука.

    Современный русский язык. Учебник для филологических факультетов ун-тов, 1962–1964. Е.М. Галкина-Федорук ред. Т.2., Ч.1–2. Москва: Изд-во Московского ун-та.

    Тимофеев, К.А., 1950. Об основных типах инфинитивных предложений в современном русском литературном языке. В кн.: Вопросы синтаксиса современного русского языка. Москва: Учпедгиз, сс.257–301.

    Шахматов, А.А., 1941. Синтаксис русского языка. 2-е изд. Ленинград: Учпедгиз.

    REFERENCES

    Babajceva, V.V., 2017. Sistema chlenov predlozheniya v sovremennom russkom yazyke [The System Members of the Sentence in Modern Russian Laguage]. 2-nd ed. Moscow: Flinta Publ. (in Russian).

    Babajceva, V.V. and Chesnokova, L. D., 2023. Russkij yazyk. 5-9 klassy. Teoriya. Uchebnik [Russian Language. Grades 5-9. Theory. Textbook]. Moscow: Prosveshchenie Publ. (in Russian).

    Galkina-Fedoruk, E.M., 1958. Bezlichnye predlozheniya v sovremennom russkom yazyke [Impersonal Sentences in Modern Russian Language]. Moscow: Moscow Univ. Publ. (in Russian).

    Lekant, P.A., 2006. O grammaticheskoj forme infinitivnogo predlozheniya [About the Grammatical Form of the Infinitive Sentence]. In: P.A. Lekant, ed. Russkoe slovo i vyskazyvanie: racional'noe i emocional'noe. Mezhvuzovskij sbornik nauchnyh trudov [Russian Word and Statement: Rational and Emotional. Interuniversity collection of scientific papers]. Moscow: Moscow Region State Univ. Publ., pp.3-7 (in Russian).

    Peshkovskij, A.M., 2001. Russkij sintaksis v nauchnom osveshchenii [Russian Syntax in Scientific Coverage]. 8-th ed. Moscow: Yazyki slavyanskoj kul'tury Publ. (in Russian).

    Russkaya grammatika [Russian Grammar], 1980. N.Yu. Shvedova, ed. Vol. 2. Moscow: Nauka Publ. (in Russian).

    Sovremennyj russkij yazyk. Uchebnik dlja filologicheskih fakul'tetov un-tov [Modern Russian Language. Textbook for philological faculties of universities]. 1962-1964. E.M. Galkina-Fedoruk, ed. Vol. 2, Part 1-2. Moscow: Moscow University Publ. (in Russian).

    Timofeev, K.A., 1950. Ob osnovnyh tipah infinitivnyh predlozhenij v sovremennom russkom literaturnom yazyke [About the Main Types of Infinitive Sentences in Modern Russian Literary Language]. In: Voprosy sintaksisa sovremennogo russkogo yazyka [Questions of Syntax of Modern Russian Language]. Moscow: Uchpedgiz Publ., pp.257-301 (in Russian).

    Shahmatov, A.A., 1941. Sintaksis russkogo yazyka [The Syntax of Russian Language]. 2-nd ed. Leningrad: Uchpedgiz. Publ. (in Russian).

  • Linguistics

    Seductive Details and Expository Text Structures: an Experimental Study via Keyword Extraction

    Pavel Trushchelev
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    Abstract

    Seductive details are intriguing yet extraneous pieces of information in expository texts. Understanding their impact on text comprehension is essential for effective expository reading. The aim of the study was to examine the processing of expository texts that contain seductive details of varying significance. The significance of seductive details was evaluated based on their textual function in constructing referential and thematic structures. The study utilised three expository texts from Russian geography textbooks intended for seventh-grade students. The texts varied in significance and quantity of the seductive details included. A total of 40 seventh-grade students and 24 university students participated in the experiment, providing a diverse perspective on text comprehension. The study employed a keyword extraction method. The participants read the texts and extracted words they considered most important in terms of content. In total, 64 keyword sets were collected (n = 2,147 tokens); they presented the range of key concepts identified by participants. The participants successfully identified the main text ideas. The school students used a more concrete mode of text processing and extracted more specific keywords. The significance of the keywords depended on (i) their frequency in the text, (ii) their distribution across text sections, reflecting their impact on the elaboration, and (iii) the presence of contrast markers. The textual function of seductive details influenced the significance of the keywords extracted from them by the participants. Seductive details were interpreted by participants not only as sources of information but also as signals of significant text ideas.

    References

    СПИСОК НАУЧНОЙ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ

    Гусева, Д.Д. и Митрофанова, О.А., 2024. Ключевые выражения в русскоязычных научно-популярных текстах: сравнение восприятия устной и письменной речи с результатами автоматического анализа. Terra Linguistica, 15(1), cc.20–35. DOI: 10.18721/JHSS.15102.

    Лапошина, А.Н. и Лебедева, М.Ю., 2021. Текстометр: онлайн-инструмент определения уровня сложности текста по русскому языку как иностранному. Русистика, 19(3), сс.331–345. DOI: 10.22363/2618-8163-2021-19-3-331-345.

    Петрова, Т.Е., Риехакайнен, Е.И., Кузнецова, А.С., Мараев, А.В. и Шаталов, М.А., 2017. Выделение ключевых слов в вербальных и невербальных паттернах. Социо- и психолингвистические исследования, 5, сс.149–156.

    Пиотровская, Л.А. и Трущелёв, П.Н., 2019. Инвариантность и вариативность понимания учебных текстов школьниками и студентами (результаты экспериментального исследования по методике набора ключевых слов). Научно-технические ведомости СПбГПУ. Гуманитарные и общественные науки, 10(3), сс.58–73. DOI: 10.18721/JHSS.10306.

    Сахарный, Л.В. и Штерн, А.С., 2006/1988. Набор ключевых слов как тип текста. В кн.: Доценко, Т.И., ред. ...Слово отзовется: памяти Аллы Соломоновны Штерн и Леонида Вольковича Сахарного. Пермь: изд-во Перм. гос. ун-та, сс. 50–59.

    Сиротко-Сибирский, С.А., 2006. О проблеме понимания текста в лингвистике и психолингвистике. В кн.: Доценко, Т.И., ред. ...Слово отзовется: памяти Аллы Соломоновны Штерн и Леонида Вольковича Сахарного. Пермь: изд-во Перм. гос. ун-та, сс.63–68.

    Трущелёв, П.Н., 2022. Взаимодействие автора и читателя в учебном тексте. Известия Воронеж. гос. пед. ун-та, (3), сс.186–192. DOI: 10.47438/2309- 7078_2022_3_186.

    Штерн, А.С., 1991. Восприятие текста. В кн.: Мурзин, Л.Н. и Штерн, А.С. Текст и его восприятие. Свердловск: изд-во Ураль. ун-та, сс.69–162.

    Ягунова, Е.В., 2010. Эксперимент и вычисления в анализе ключевых слов художественного текста. Философия языка. Лингвистика. Лингводидактика, (1), сс.83–89.

    Ягунова, Е.В., 2011. Ключевые слова в исследованиях текстов Н. В. Гоголя. Проблемы социо- и психолингвистики, (15), сс.121–136.

    Ely, R., Ainley, M. & Pearce J., 2013. More than enjoyment: Identifying the positive affect component of interest that supports student engagement and achievement. Middle Grades Research Journal, 8(1), pp.13–32.

    Garner, R., Gillingham, M.G. & White, C.S., 1989. Effects of seductive details' on macroprocessing and microprocessing in adults and children. Cognition and Instruction, 6(1), pp.41–57. DOI: 10.1207/s1532690xci0601_2.

    Givon, T., 2018. On Understanding Grammar. Amsterdam — Philadelphia: John Benjamins.

    Harp, S.F., & Mayer, R.E., 1998. How seductive details do their damage: A theory of cognitive interest in science learning. Journal of Educational Psychology, 90(3), pp. 414–434. DOI: 10.1037/0022-0663.90.3.414.

    Maienborn, С., 2019. Event and state. В кн.: Truswell, R., ред. The Oxford Handbook of Event Structure. N. Y.: Oxford University Press, pp.50–89. DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199685318.013.6.

    Martin, J.R. & Rose, D., 2013. Working with Discourse: Meaning Beyond the Clause (2nd ed.). London — New Delhi — N. Y. — Sydney: Bloomsbury.

    Meyer, B.J.F., Campos, G., Yu, J. 2023. Text structure: Reading, writing, cross language perspectives. В кн.: Horowitz, R., ред. The Routledge International Handbook of Research on Writing. N. Y.: Routledge, pp.163–183. DOI: 10.4324/9780429437991-13.

    Meyer, B.J.F., Rey, M.N., 2011. Structure strategy interventions: Increasing reading comprehension of expository text. International Electronic Journal of Elementary Education, 4(1), pp.127–152.

    Pipalova, R., 2024. Investigating Aspects of Academic Discourse. Prague: Karolinum.

    Rey, G.D., 2012. A review of research and a meta-analysis of the seductive detail effect. Educational Research Review, 7(3), pp.216–237. DOI: 10.1016/j.edurev.2012.05.003.

    Rey, G.D., 2014. Seductive details and attention distraction — An eye tracker experiment. Computers in Human Behavior, 32, pp.133–144. DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2013.11.017.

    Schraw, G., 1998. Processing and recall differences among selective details. Journal of Educational Psychology, 90(1), pp.3–12. DOI: 10.1037/0022-0663.90.1.3.

    Sundararajan, N. & Adesope, O., 2020. Keep it coherent: A meta-analysis of the seductive details effect. Educational Psychology Review, 32(3), pp.707-734. DOI: 10.1007/s10648-020-09522-4.

    Swarat, S., 2008. What makes a topic interesting? A conceptual and methodological exploration of the underlying dimensions of topic interest. The Electronic Journal for Research in Science & Mathematics Education, 12(2). URL: https://ejrsme.icrsme.com/article/view/7773 [дата обращения: 10.11.2024].

    Trushchelev, P., 2024. Students’ strategies in reading expository text in history. В кн.: Mokienko, V.M., ред. LII Ludmila Verbitskaya International Scientific Philological Conference, March 19–26, 2024, St. Petersburg: The Book of Abstracts. St Petersburg: St Petersburg State University Publ., pp.708–710.

    Ushiro, Yu., Kimura Yu., Hamada, A., Hasegawa, Yu., Suzuki, K., Mori, Yo. & Tanaka, T., 2015. Effects of seductive details on expository text comprehension among Japanese EFL readers. Annual Review of English Language Education in Japan, 26, pp. 29–44. DOI: 10.20581/arele.26.0_29.

    REFERRENCES

    Guseva, D.D. & Mitrofanova, O.A., 2024. Kljuchevye vyrazhenija v russkojazychnyh nauchno-populjarnyh tekstah: sravnenie vosprijatija ustnoj i pis'mennoj rechi s rezul'tatami avtomaticheskogo analiza. [Keyphrases in Russian-language popular science texts: comparison of oral and written speech perception with the results of automatic analysis]. Terra Linguistica, 15(1), pp.20–35. DOI: 10.18721/JHSS.15102. (In Russian).

    Laposhina, A.N. & Lebedeva, M.Y., 2021. Tekstometr: onlajn-instrument opredelenija urovnja slozhnosti teksta po russkomu jazyku kak inostrannomu [Textometr: An online tool for automated complexity level assessment of texts for Russian language learners]. Russian Language Studies, 19(3), pp. 331-345. DOI: 10.22363/2618-8163-2021-19-3-331-345. (In Russian).

    Petrova, T.Ye., Riekhakaynen, E.I., Kuznetsova, A.S., Maraev, A.V. & Shatalov, M.A., 2017. Vydelenie kljuchevyh slov v verbal'nyh i neverbal'nyh patternah [Keywords in verbal and non-verbal patterns]. Socio- and Psycholinguistic Studies, 5, pp.149–156. (In Russian).

    Piotrovskaya, L.A. & Trushchelev, P.N., 2019. Invariantnost' i variativnost' ponimanija uchebnyh tekstov shkol'nikami i studentami (rezul'taty jeksperimental'nogo issledovanija po metodike nabora kljuchevyh slov) [Invariability and variability of expository text comprehension by schoolchildren and university students (the results of the experimental study via the keywords method)]. St. Petersburg State Polytechnical University Journal. Humanities and Social Sciences, 10(3), pp.58–73. DOI: 10.18721/JHSS.10306. (In Russian).

    Sakharnyy, L.V. & Shtern, A.S., 2006/1988. Nabor klyuchevykh slov kak tip teksta [Keyword set as a text]. In: Dotsenko, T.I., red. ...Slovo otzovetsya: pamyati Ally Solomonovny Shtern i Leonida Vol'kovicha Sakharnogo [...Slovo Otzovetsya: In Honour of Alla S. Shtern and Leonid V. Sakharnyy]. Perm': Perm' State University Publ., pp.50–59. (In Russian).

    Sirotko-Sibirskiy, S.A., 2006. O probleme ponimaniya teksta v lingvistike i psikholingvistike [The linguistic and psycholinguistic nature of comprehension]. In: Dotsenko, T.I., ed. ...Slovo otzovetsya: pamyati Ally Solomonovny Shtern i Leonida Vol'kovicha Sakharnogo [...Slovo Otzovetsya: In Honour of Alla S. Shtern and Leonid V. Sakharnyy]. Perm': Perm' State University Publ., pp.63–68. (In Russian).

    Trushchelev, P.N., 2022. Vzaimodejstvie avtora i chitatelja v uchebnom tekste [The author-reader interaction through school textbooks]. Izvestia Voronezh State Pedagogical University, (3), pp.186–192. DOI: 10.47438/2309- 7078_2022_3_186. (In Russian).

    Shtern, A.S., 1991. Vospriyatie teksta [Text Processing]. In: Murzin, L.N. & Shtern, A.S. Tekst i ego vospriyatie [Text and Processing]. Sverdlovsk: Ural University Publ., pp.69–162. (In Russian).

    Yagunova, E.V., 2010. Eksperiment i vychisleniya v analize klyuchevykh slov khudozhestvennogo teksta [Experiment and calculations in the analysis of keywords of a literary text]. Filosofiya yazyka. Lingvistika. Lingvodidaktika [Philosophy of Language. Linguistics. Linguadidactics], (1), pp 83–89. (In Russian).

    Yagunova, E.V., 2011. Klyuchevye slova v issledovaniyakh tekstov N.V. Gogolya [Keywords in Studies of Gogol’s Texts]. Socio- and Psycholinguistic Studies, (15), pp.121–136. (In Russian).

    Ely, R., Ainley, M. & Pearce J., 2013. More than enjoyment: Identifying the positive affect component of interest that supports student engagement and achievement. Middle Grades Research Journal, 8(1), pp.13–32. (In English).

    Garner, R., Gillingham, M.G. & White, C.S., 1989. Effects of seductive details' on macroprocessing and microprocessing in adults and children. Cognition and Instruction, 6(1), pp.41–57. DOI: 10.1207/s1532690xci0601_2. (In English).

    Givon, T., 2018. On Understanding Grammar. Amsterdam — Philadelphia: John Benjamins. (In English).

    Harp, S.F., & Mayer, R.E., 1998. How seductive details do their damage: A theory of cognitive interest in science learning. Journal of Educational Psychology, 90(3), pp.414–434. DOI: 10.1037/0022-0663.90.3.414. (In English).

    Maienborn, С., 2019. Event and state. In: Truswell, R., ed. The Oxford Handbook of Event Structure. N. Y.: Oxford University Press, pp.50–89. DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199685318.013.6. (In English).

    Martin, J.R. & Rose, D., 2013. Working with Discourse: Meaning Beyond the Clause (2nd ed.). London — New Delhi — N. Y. — Sydney: Bloomsbury. (In English).

    Meyer, B.J.F., Campos, G., Yu, J. 2023. Text structure: Reading, writing, cross language perspectives. In: Horowitz, R., ed. The Routledge International Handbook of Research on Writing. N. Y.: Routledge, pp.163–183. DOI: 10.4324/9780429437991-13. (In English).

    Meyer, B.J.F., Rey, M.N., 2011. Structure strategy interventions: Increasing reading comprehension of expository text. International Electronic Journal of Elementary Education, 4(1), pp.127–152. (In English).

    Pipalova, R., 2024. Investigating Aspects of Academic Discourse. Prague: Karolinum. (In English).

    Rey, G.D., 2012. A review of research and a meta-analysis of the seductive detail effect. Educational Research Review, 7(3), pp.216–237. DOI: 10.1016/j.edurev.2012.05.003. (In English).

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