Vol. 9 No. 2 (23) (2023)

DOI: https://doi.org/10.46991/BYSU:H/2023.9.2
Published: 2024-01-09

Full Issue

Literary criticism

  • Literary criticism

    The Manipulative Game of Porfiri Petrovich in the Novel «Crime and Punishment»

    Vera Adamyan
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    Abstract

    Researchers have always been interested in such areas of literature, which address issues lie at the intersection of two sciences: literature and psychology, literature and sociology, literature and philosophy, literature and cultural studies. In this article we rely on the achievements of psychology. From its positions we consider the novel «Crime and Punishment» by F. Dostoevsky. In particular, we address the problem of manipulation in the novel. We study manipulative techniques and tricks used by investigator Porfiry Petrovich: awareness, irony, hints, surprise effect, false interrogation, or deceptive clarification.

    Particular attention is paid to the manipulative tactics used, the tricks of manipulative characters. Our aim was not only to identify the manipulative moves in the novel, but also to show their influence on the plot. We also show how effective the manipulation was by looking at the reaction of the victim of the manipulation.

    The analysis shows that approaching the novel from this position can be very effective for a better perception of the text.

    References

    ИСТОЧНИКИ

    Достоевский Ф.М. Полное собрание сочинений в 30 томах. Т. 6. Л.: Наука, 1973.

    СПИСОК НАУЧНОЙ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ

    Бахтин, М.М., 2002. Проблемы поэтики Достоевского. Москва: Русские словари: Языки славянской культуры.

    Бердяев, Н.А., 2019. Миросозерцание Достоевского. Москва: Академический проект.

    Битянова, М.Р., 2001. Социальная психология: наука, практика и образ мыслей. Москва: ЭКСМО-Пресс.

    Доценко, Е.Л., 1997. Психология манипуляции: феномены, механизмы и защита. Москва: Изд.-во МГУ.

    Ермаков, Ю.А., 1995. Манипуляция личностью: Смысл, приемы, последствия. Екатеринбург: Изд-во Урал.-ого ун-та.

    Зелинский С.А., 2008. Манипулирование личностью и массами. Манипулятивные технологии власти при атаке на подсознание индивида и масс. Санкт-Петербург: СКИФИЯ.

    Кара-Мурза, С.Г., 2005. Манипуляция сознанием. Москва: Эксмо.

    Копнина, Г.А., 2008. Речевое манипулирование. 2-е изд. Москва: Флинта.

    Мережковский, Д.С., 2020. Достоевский. В кн. Мережковский, Д.С. О литературе. Избранные статьи. Москва: Юрайт, сс.96-114.

    Наседкин, Н.Н., 2003. Достоевский. Энциклопедия: ЛитРес: Самиздат.

    Оконечникова, Л.В., 2003. Психология манипулирования. Екатеринбург: Изд-во Уральского ун- та.

    Ратинов, А.Р., 2016. Избранные труды. Москва: Изд.-во Академии Генеральной прокуратуры Российской Федерации.

    Рубинштейн, С.Л., 2002. Основы общей психологии. Санкт-Петербург: Питер.

    Фридлендер, Г.М., 1964. Реализм Достоевского. Москва: Наука.

    Чалдини, Р., 2014. Психология влияния. 5-е изд. Перевод с английского Е. Бугаевой, Е.Волкова, И. Волковой, О. Пузыревой. Санкт-Петербург: Питер.

    Шостром Э., 2003. Человек-манипулятор. Внутреннее путешествие от манипуляции к актуализации. Перевод с английского В. Данченко. Нашвилл, Абингдон: PSYLIB.

    Шейнов, В., 2023. Манипулирование и защита от манипуляций. Санкт-Петербург: Питер.

    REFERENCES

    Bakhtin, M.M., 2002. Problemy poetiki Dostoevskogo. [Problems of Dostoevsky's poetics]. Moscow: Russkie slovari; Yazyki slavyanskoy kul'tury Publ. (in Russian).

    Berdyaev, N.A., 2019. Mirosozertsanie Dostoevskogo. [Dostoevsky's worldview]. Moscow: Akademicheskiy proekt Publ. (in Russian).

    Bitjanova, M.R., 2001. Social'naja psihologija: nauka, praktika i obraz myslej. [Social psychology: science, practice and way of thinking]. Moscow: JeKSMO-Press Publ. (in Russian).

    Docenko, E.L., 1997. Psihologija manipuljacii: fenomeny, mehanizmy i zashhita. [Psychology of Manipulation: Phenomena, Mechanisms and Defense]. Moscow: MSU Publ. (in Russian).

    Ermakov, Ju.A., 1995. Manipuljacija lichnost'ju: Smysl, priemy, posledstvija [Personality Manipulation: Meaning, Techniques, Consequences]. Ekaterinburg: Ural University Publ. (in Russian).

    Zelinskij S.A., 2008. Manipulirovanie lichnost'ju i massami. Manipuljativnye tehnologii vlasti pri atake na podsoznanie individa i mass [Manipulation of personality and masses. Manipulative technologies of power in attacking the subconsciousness of the individual and the masses]. St. Petersburg: SKIFIА Publ. (in Russian).

    Kara-Murza, S.G., 2005. Manipulyatsiya soznaniem. [Мind Мanipulation]. Moscow: Eksmo Publ. (in Russian).

    Kopnina, G.A., 2008. Rechevoe manipulirovanie [Speech Manipulation]. Publ. 2-th. Moskva: Flinta Publ. (in Russian).

    Merezhkovskiy, D.S., 2020. Dostoevskiy. In the book. Merezhkovskiy, D.S., O literature. Izbrannye stat'i. [On literature. Selected articles]. Moscow: Yurayt Publ., pp.96-114. (in Russian).

    Nasedkin, N.N., 2003. Dostoevskiy. Entsiklopediya. [Dostoevsky. Encyclopedia]. LitRes: Samizdat Publ. (in Russian).

    Okonechnikova, L.V., 2003. Psikhologiya manipulirovaniya. [Psychology of Manipulation]. Ekaterinburg: Ural Univ. Publ. (in Russian).

    Ratinov, A.R., 2016. Izbrannye trudy. [Selected works]. Moscow: Akademiya General'noy prokuratury Rossiyskoy Federatsii Publ. (in Russian).

    Rubinshteyn, S.L., 2002. Osnovy obshchey psikhologii. [Fundamentals of General Psychology]. St. Petersburg: Piter Publ. (in Russian).

    Fridlender, G.M., 1964. Realizm Dostoevskogo. [Dostoevsky's Realism]. Moscow: Nauka Publ. (in Russian).

    Cialdini R., 2014. Psikhologiya vliyaniya (5-th publ.). Translators – E. Bugaeva, E. Volkov, I. Volkova, O. Puzyreva. [Influence. The Psychology of Persuasion]. St. Petersburg: Piter Publ. (in Russian).

    Shostrom Е., 2003. Chelovek-manipuljator. Vnutrennee puteshestvie ot manipuljacii k aktualizacii. Transl. V. Danchenko [Man, the manipulator: The inner journey from manipulation to actualization]. Nashville, Abingdon: PSYLIB Publ. (in Russian).

    Sheynov, V., 2023. Manipulirovanie i zashchita ot manipulyatsiy. [Manipulation and defense against manipulation]. St. Petersburg: Piter Publ. (in Russian).

  • Literary criticism

    Portrait as a Method of Psychological Characterization in M. Saltykov-Shchedrin’s novel “The Golovlyov Family” and its Recreation in Armenian Translation

    Ashkhen Atanesyan
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    Abstract

    The article examines one of the particular problems that arise when translating M.Y. Saltykov-Shchedrin’s novel “The Golovlevs Family” into Armenian. We are talking about the full reproduction in translation of such an artistic detail as a portrait of a literary hero. “Portrait” in a literary work is a rather comprehensive concept that includes diverse characteristics of the hero. In this work, we limit ourselves to considering such a component of the portrait characteristics as the appearance of the heroes, which is not given much space in the work. It is known that in the creation of the main characters of a novel, the most significant is their speech characteristic. It is that characteristic that carries the main semantic and style-forming load. At the same time, the description of the appearance of the characters is also functional in the psychological characteristics of the image and plays an important role as a visual component of the reader’s perception. From this perspective, portraits of episodic, secondary and main characters of the novel are analyzed. It is shown how throughout the novel, in accordance with the development of the image, the physical appearance of the characters changes. Clothes are considered as an attribute of the hero’s appearance, which also has certain significance in revealing the image.

    The article provides a comparative analysis of the original and the Armenian translation of the novel within the boundaries of the identified issues. Examples of non-compliance of the translation with the original according to certain parameters are given and analyzed. Examples of adequate reproduction of the original in translation, which fully reflect the meaning and artistic originality of the original, are also considered. Based on the analysis, conclusions are drawn about how complete the artistic image is in the translation of the novel.

    References

    ИСТОЧНИКИ

    Салтыков-Щедрин М.Е. Господа Головлевы. Сказки. Москва: Правда, 1988.

    Салтыков-Щедрин М.Е. Собрание сочинений в 20 томах. Москва: Художественная литература, 1976.

    Тургенев И.С. Полное собрание сочинений и писем в 30 томах. Москва: Наука. 2012.

    Шелгунов Н.В. Очерки русской жизни. Санкт-Петербург, 1895.

    Սալտիկով-Շչեդրին Մ․ «Պարոնայք Գոլովլյովները․ Հեքիաթներ, Երևան․ Սովետական գրող, 1977․

    СПИСОК НАУЧНОЙ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ

    Абрамова, Е.И., 2014. Портреты героев в романе Н.Н. Алексеева «Лжецаревич»: своеобразие и функции. Вестник ТвГУ. Серия «Филология», (3), сс.261-265.

    Виноградов, В.С., 1974. Восприятие текста и его воссоздание в процессе перевода художественной прозы. Филологические науки, (1), сс..67-75.

    Горький, М., 1939. История русской литературы. Москва: Художественная литература.

    Горячкина, М.С., 1976. Сатира Салтыкова-Щедрина. Москва: Просвещение.

    Кунавин, О.Б. и Кунавина, И.И., 2017. Проблема портрета в художественной литературе. Актуальные проблемы филологии и педагогической лингвистики, (2), сс.202–206.

    Николаев, Д., 1988. Смех Щедрина. Москва: Советский писатель.

    Покусаев, Е., 1975. «Господа Головлевы» М.Е. Салтыкова-Щедрина. Москва: Художественная литература.

    Хализев, В.Е., 2004. Теория литературы. Издание 4-е. Москва: Высшая школа.

    Ермолаева, Н.Л., 2009. Архетип халата в русской литературе XIX века. Ученые записки Казанского государственного университета, 151(3) URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/arhetip-halata-v-russkoy-literature-xix-veka [дата обращения: 10.09.2023].

    REFERENCES

    Abramova, E.I., 2014. Portrety geroev v romane N.N.Alekseeva «Lzhetsarevich»: svoeobrazie i funktsii [Portraits of heroes in N.N. Alekseev’s novel “The False Tsarevich”: originality and functions]. Vestnik TvGU. Seriya «Filologiya», (3), pp.261-265. (in Russian).

    Vinogradov, V.S., 1974. Vospriyatie teksta i ego vossozdanie v protsesse perevoda khudozhestvennoy prozy [Perception of the text and its reconstruction in the process of translating literary prose]. Filologicheskie nauki, (1), pp.67-75. (in Russian).

    Gor'kiy, M., 1939. Istoriya russkoy literatury [History of Russian Literature]. Moscow: Hudozhestvennaja literatura Publ. (in Russian)

    Goryachkina, M.S., 1976. Satira Saltykova-Shchedrina [Satire by Saltykov-Shchedrin]. Moscow: Prosveshchenie Publ. (in Russian).

    Kunavin, O.B. and Kunavina, I.I., 2017. Problema portreta v khudozhestvennoy literature [The problem of portraiture in fiction]. Aktual'nye problemy filologii i pedagogicheskoy lingvistiki, (2), pp.202–206. (in Russian).

    Nikolaev, D., 1988. Smekh Shchedrina [Shchedrin's laughter]. Moscow: Sovetskiy pisatel' Publ. (in Russian).

    Pokusaev, E., 1975. «Gospoda Golovlevy» M.E.Saltykova-Shchedrina [“Golovlevs” by M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin]. Moscow: Hudozhestvennaja literatura Publ. (in Russian).

    Khalizev, V.E., 2004. Teoriya literatury [Literary theory]. 4th ed. Moscow: Vysshaya shkola Publ. (in Russian).

    Ermolaeva, N.L., 2009. Arkhetip khalata v russkoy literature XIX veka [Archetype of the robe in Russian literature of the 19th century]. Uchenye zapiski Kazanskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, 151(3) URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/arhetip-halata-v-russkoy-literature-xix-veka [Accessed: 10 September 2023]. (in Russian).

  • Literary criticism

    Oneiric Motifs in the Poetics of Venedikt Erofeev

    Natalie Natalya Gonchar-Khanjyan, Inga Karapetyan
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    Abstract

    The theme of sleep and dreams has intrigued minds and souls from ancient times; today, it has become especially relevant and has become the object of study of various disciplines (philosophy, anthropology, cultural studies, psychology). Throughout the history of the world literature, oneiric and dreamlike motifs and techniques expanding the author's capabilities in ideological and artistic mastering of reality and creativity marked works of many authors. This has repeatedly and variously affected, in particular, the works of such classics of Russian prose as Dostoevsky, Turgenev,  Tolstoy, followed by Zamyatin with his novel «We», Bulgakov with the novel «The Master and Margarita», as well as others, up to representatives of the latest literature – first of all Venedikt Yerofeyev, and then  a number of postmodern prose writers – Viktor Pelevin, Yuri Mamleev, Dm.Liksperov, V. Sorokin and others, who chose sleep as one of the basic elements of their poetics.

    The purpose of this article is to trace as a cross-cutting plot and compositional line oneiric motifs and techniques in the cult poem «Moscow-Petushki» by Venedikt Yerofeyev – the forerunner of Russian postmodernism, whose work has been in the focus of attention in recent decades.  With the outline of the literary background and the emphasis on socio-culturally determined features of the latest Russian prose, the article attempts to connect interdisciplinary research, in particular, a number of provisions of psychology, based on the oneiric cross-cultural myth, by revealing intertextual connections, parallels, to give their interpretation to the dream literary text of modernity.

    References

    ИСТОЧНИКИ

    Гессе, Г., 1999. Степной волк. Харьков: Фолио.

    Ерофеев, В.В., 2000. Записки психопата. Москва-Петушки. Москва: Вагриус.

    Ерофеев, В.В., 2012. Москва-Петушки. Москва: СОЮЗ.

    Кальвино, И., 2010. Невидимые города. Москва: Астрель.

    Кафка, Ф., 2010. Америка. Новеллы. Санкт-Петербург: Амфора.

    Кафка, Ф., 1965. Роман. Новеллы. Притчи. Москва: Прогресс.

    Липскеров, Д.М., 2000. Последний сон разума. Москва: Вагриус.

    Пелевин, В., Икстлан-Петушки. Рассказы. [Электронный ресурс]. – Режим доступа:

    http://pelevin.nov.ru/rass/pe-ixt/1.html

    Пелевин, В., Спи. [Электронный ресурс]. – Режим доступа: http://pelevin.nov.ru/rass/pe-spi/1.html

    СПИСОК НАУЧНОЙ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ

    Бланшо, М., Зомбарт, В. и Канетти, Э., 2007. Тень парфюмера. Москва: Алгоритм.

    Дарк, О., 1997. В.В.Е., или крушение языков. Новое литературное обозрение, 25, сс.246-262.

    Зорин, А., 1989. Пригородный поезд дальнего следования. Новый мир, 5, сс.256-258.

    Компанеец, В.В. и Брыкина, Н.Ф., 2009. Сновидческое миромоделирование в прозе В.В. Ерофеева. Вестник Волгоградского государственного университета. Литературоведение. Журналистика, 8, сс.59–67.

    Кьеркегор, С., 2011. Или-или. Санкт-Петербург: Амфора.

    Майерс, Д., 2006. Психология. Минск: Поппури.

    Робинович, Е.И., 2013. Сны Пробужденных: сон и сновидения в культуре, религии, политике Тибета. Екатеринбург: изд-во Гуманитарного ун-та.

    Руднев, В.П., 2000. Исследования по философии текста. Москва: Аграф.

    Скоропанова, И.С., 2007. Русская постмодернистская литература. Москва: Флинта.

    Толмачев, В.М., 2003. Зарубежная литература XX века. Москва: Академия.

    Фуко, М., 1994. Танатография эроса: Жорж Батай и французская мысль середины XX века. Санкт-Петербург: Спецлит.

    REFERENCES

    Blanchot, M., Zombart, V. and Kanetti, E., 2007. Ten' parfyumera [The perfumer's shadow]. Moscow: Algoritm Publ. (in Russian).

    Dark, O., 1997. V.V.E., ili krushenie yazykov [V.V.E., or the collapse of languages]. Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie, 25, pp.246-262. (in Russian).

    Zorin, A., 1989. Prigorodnyy poezd dal'nego sledovaniya [Long-distance Commuter Train]. Novyy mir, 5, pp.256-258. (in Russian).

    Kompaneets, V.V. and Brykina, N.F., 2009. Snovidcheskoe miromodelirovanie v proze V.V. Erofeeva. [Dream World Modeling in the Prose of V.V. Yerofeyev]. Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Literaturovedenie. Zhurnalistika, 8, pp.59–67. (in Russian).

    Kierkegaard, S., 2011. Ili-ili [Either-or]. St. Petersburg: Amfora Publ. (in Russian).

    Myers, D., 2006. Psikhologiya [Psychology]. Minsk: Poppuri Publ. (in Russian).

    Robinovich, E.I., 2013. Sny Probuzhdennykh: son i snovideniya v kul'ture, religii, politike Tibeta [Dreams of the Awakened: sleep and dreams in the culture, religion, politics of Tibet]. Yekaterinburg: Humanitarian Univ. Publ. (in Russian).

    Rudnev, V.P., 2000. Issledovaniya po filosofii teksta [Research on the Philosophy of the Text]. Moscow: Agraf Publ. (in Russian).

    Skoropanova, I.S., 2007. Russkaya postmodernistskaya literatura [Russian Postmodern Literature]. Moscow: Flinta Publ. (in Russian).

    Tolmachev, V.M., 2003. Zarubezhnaya literatura XX veka [Foreign Literature of the XX Century]. Moscow: Akademiya Publ. (in Russian).

    Fuko, M., 1994. Tanatografija jerosa: Zhorzh Bataj i francuzskaja mysl' serediny XX veka [The Thanatography of Eros: Georges Bataille and French Thought of the mid-20th century]. St. Petersburg: Spetslit Publ. (in Russian).

Linguistics

  • Linguistics

    Semantics and Pragmatics of Combinations «Indefinite Pronoun + Adjective»

    Diana Gazarova
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    Abstract

    The article examines the features of the functioning of indefinite pronouns with -то in combination with adjectives. In these combinations, pronouns express relative, partial indefiniteness. The article presents three types of combinations: 1) combinations of indefinite substantive pronouns with adjectives (что-то ужасное); 2) combinations of indefinite adjective pronouns with attributive adjectives (какой-то новый документ) and 3) combinations of indefinite adjective pronouns with predicate adjectives (Она сегодня какая-то грустная). In the first and second types of combinations, indefiniteness is weakened due to the fact that the speaker is able to name the signs of the described phenomenon, but the phenomenon itself remains unidentified. The boundaries of indefiniteness are narrowed while the indefiniteness of the referent remains unchanged. In the third type of combinations, the speaker is not sure of the accuracy of the quality’s nomination itself; pronouns act as markers of indefiniteness in the manifestation of a definite quality. Basically, in such cases, combinations of indefinite pronouns are possible with adjectives that contain in their meaning a deviation from the norm and from the standard. Indefinite pronouns indicate a non-prototypical manifestation of a quality, that’s why combinations of indefinite pronouns with adjectives that have in their meaning a sense of non-standardity and unusualness are so common. These are mostly negative contexts (Он вообще какой-то странный; Ты сегодня какой-то злой). In all three types of combinations of indefinite pronouns with adjectives indefinite pronouns indicate the pragmatic meaning of the statement, partial indefiniteness, when the indefiniteness is specified. In the first two types the referent is indefinite, in the third type the quality of a definite referent is indefinite.

    References

    СПИСОК НАУЧНОЙ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ

    Арутюнова, Н.Д., 1995. Неопределенность признака в русском дискурсе. В кн.: Н.Д. Арутюнова и Н.К. Рябцева, ред. Логический анализ языка. Истина и истинность в культуре и языке. Москва: Наука, сс.182-189.

    Ермакова, О.П. Семантика, грамматика и стилистическая дифференциация местоимений. В кн.: Д.Н. Шмелев, ред. Грамматические исследования. Функционально-стилистический аспект. Суперсегментная фонетика. Морфологическая семантика. Москва: Наука, сс.146-157.

    Левин, Ю.И. О семантике местоимений. В кн.: Левин Ю.И. Проблемы грамматического моделирования. Москва: Наука, сс.108-121.

    Падучева, Е.В., 1985. Высказывание и его соотнесенность с действительностью (Референциальные аспекты семантики местоимений). Москва: Наука.

    Фурашов, В.И., 1989. Шкала атрибутивной валентности местоименных существительных. В кн.: А.Б. Пеньковский, ред. Русские местоимения: семантика и грамматика. Владимир: Изд-во Владимирского государственного педагогический института, сс.82-92.

    Шелякин, М.А., 1978. О семантике и употреблении неопределенных местоимений в русском языке. В кн.: М.А. Шелякин, ред. Ученые записки Тартуского университета. Тарту: Изд-во Тартуского государственного ун-та. Вып. 442, сс.3-22.

    Haspelmath, Martin, 1997. Indefinite pronouns. Oxford: Oxford university press.

    REFERENCES

    Arutjunova, N.D., 1995. Neopredelennost' priznaka v russkom diskurse [Uncertainty of a sign in Russian discourse]. In.: N.D. Arutjunova and N.K. Rjabceva, ed. Logicheskij analiz jazyka. Istina i istinnost' v kul'ture i jazyke [Logical Analysis of Language. Truth and Verity in Culture and Language]. Moscow: Nauka Publ., pp.182-189. (in Russian).

    Ermakova, O.P. Semantika, grammatika i stilisticheskaja differenciacija mestoimenij. In: D.N. Shmelev, ed. Grammaticheskie issledovanija.Funktsional’no-stilisticheskij aspect, Supersegmentnaja fonetika. Morfologicheskaja semantika [Studies in grammar: Stylistics – the functional aspect. Supersegmental phonetics. Morphological semantics]. Moscow: Nauka Publ, pp.146-157. (in Russian).

    Levin Ju.I. O semantike mestoimenij [About the semantics of pronouns]. In: Levin Ju.I., Problemy grammaticheskogo modelirovanija [Grammatical modeling problems]. Moscow: Nauka Publ, pp.108-121. (in Russian).

    Paducheva, E.V., 1985. Vyskazyvanie i ego sootnesennost' s dejstvitel'nost'ju (Referencial'nye aspekty semantiki mestoimenij) [Statement and its relation to reality (Referential aspects of the semantics of pronouns)]. Moscow: Nauka Publ. (in Russian).

    Furashov, V.I., 1989. Shkala atributivnoy valentnosti mestoimennykh sushchestvitel'nykh [Scale of attributive valence of pronominal nouns]. In.: A.B. Pen'kovskiy, ed. Russkie mestoimeniya: semantika i grammatika [Russian pronouns: semantics and grammar] Vladimir: Publishing House of the Vladimir State Pedagogical Institute, pp.82-92. (in Russian).

    Sheljakin, M.A., 1978. O semantike i upotreblenii neopredelennyh mestoimenij v russkom jazyke [About semantics and usage od indefinite pronouns in Russian]. In: M.A. Sheljakin, ed. Uchenye zapiski Tartuskogo universiteta [Scientific notes of Tartu University]. Tartu: Tartu State Univ. Publ. vօl. 442, pp.3-22. (in Russian).

    Haspelmath, Martin, 1997. Indefinite pronouns. Oxford: Oxford University Press. (in English).

  • Linguistics

    Emotiveness of Pozdnyshev's Monologue in L.N. Tolstoy’s “Kreutzer Sonata” Novel

    Gayane Hovhannesyan
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    Abstract

    The work examines the text of the story “Kreutzer sonata” by L.N. Tolstoy. In this work the speech of the main character are conveyed through the form of monologue. This creates the appropriate structure of expression, grammatical structure of statements, and style. The hero's inner experiences are reflected in language: the psychology of the speaker shapes the characteristics of his speech. We consider the main psychological characteristic of Pozdnyshev's monologue to be its emotionality and expressiveness, which is described through emotive means. The work notes the difference in the understanding of the terms «emotionality» and «emotivity». We touch upon the artistic means of poetic speech – emotive means – which helps to build high expression of speech. This figures can externally, explicitly, carry a pronounced emotional coloring, but they can also express emotion by entering into contextual connections, various configurations and combinations. The emotiveness of speech can be built at the word-formative, lexical, and syntactic – concordance, contrasting, combinability – levels. In the work there is a changing of the character’s psychological states, which is noticeable both in the plot and in the speech: this is a combination of words, the lexical content of a phrase, its technical characteristics – length, tempo, volume. The conjugation of these elements certain the systemic characteristics of this text.

    References

    ИСТОЧНИКИ

    Толстой, Л.Н., 1953. Собрание сочинений в 14 томах. Т.12. Москва: Государственное издательство художественной литературы.

    СПИСОК НАУЧНОЙ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ

    Арнольд, И.В., 1975. Интерпретация художественного текста: типы выдвижения и проблемы экспрессивности. В кн.: И.В. Арнольд, ред. Экспрессивные средства английского языка. Ленинград: Изд-во Ленинградского гос. педагогического института им. А.И. Герцена, сс.11-20.

    Вежбицкая, А., 1993. Семантика, культура и познание: общечеловеческие понятия в культуроспецифичных контекстах. Thesis, 3, сс.185-206.

    Виноградов, В.В., 1939. О языке Толстого (50-60-ые годы). В кн.: П.И. Лебедев-Полянский, ред. Литературное наследство. Т.35/36. Кн.1. Л.Н. Толстой. Москва: Изд-во Академии наук СССР, сс.117-220.

    Выготский, Л.С., 1968. Психология искусства. Москва: Искусство.

    Ковалев, В.А., 1983. Поэтика Льва Толстого. Москва: Изд-во Московского государственного ун-та.

    Милых, М.К., 1978. Монолог, его структура в «Крейцеровой сонате» Л.Н. Толстого. В кн.: К.П. Орлов, ред. Язык и стиль Л.Н. Толстого. Тула: Изд-во Тульского педагогического института им. Л.Н. Толстого, сс.116-130.

    Прокурова, Н.С., Прокурова, С.В. и Титаренко, Т.А., 2021. Психология преступления в произведениях Л.Н. Толстого. Психопедагогика в правоохранительных органах, 26, 1(84). Омск: Изд-во Омской академии МВД России, сс.33-40.

    Романов, Д.А., 2018. Семантические и стилистические новации Л.Н. Толстого. В кн.: Н.А. Фатеева и Л.Л. Шестакова, ред. Вторые Григорьевские чтения. Неология как проблема лингвистической поэтики: тезисы докладов Международной научной конференции 14-16 марта 2018 г. Москва: Азбуковник, сс.108-110.

    Успенский, Б.А., 2000. Поэтика композиции. Санкт-Петербург: Азбука.

    Чернышевский, Н.Г., 1974. Собрание сочинений в пяти томах. Том 3. Литературная критика. Москва: Правда.

    Шаховский, В.И., 2008. Лингвистическая теория эмоций. Москва: Гнозис.

    Шкловский, В.Б., 1963. Лев Толстой. Москва: Молодая гвардия.

    REFERENCES

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