Vol. 19 No. 2 (19) (2015)

The word having changed its place due to stylistic inversion is emphasized more so intensifying the speech emotionality. Kenneth Grahame made use of this stylistic device (with inversions of attribute-adjunct, subject-predicate, different modifiers) in “The Wind in the Willows” creating stylistic colouring. However, it’s a bit difficult to preserve the original emotionality and vigour of this device in the translation taking into consideration the Armenian non-fixed word order.

In the paper the ties between the earliest beliefs and the Bible, which gave birth to numerous archetypal phraseological units, are discussed. They deal with the anthropological factor, that is, the great background which was preserved in various ethnic communities and passed from generation to generation as a special way of linguistic mentality. The Biblical phraseological units like other phraseological units derived from other sources (mythology, religion, historical-cultural past) were formed by means of metaphors, metonymies and other stylistic means and have a certain literary value. The contrastive analysis of translations (English, Russian and Armenian) reveals similarities as well as differences.

The rapid growth of computer technology, the enlargement of computer services and the development of information technologies is accompanied with an urgent necessity of translating the computational terminology into Armenian. The creation of computer terms in the Armenian language, term variations and the ways of replenishment of computational terminology in Armenian have been observed in this paper. A comparative analysis of 57 English and Armenian terms from computational terminology dictionaries has been carried out to understand the main problems of term equivalents, to determine the origins of diversity and to develop points for eliminating term variations in Armenian.

The present paper discusses the semantic and functional peculiarities of taboo words serving as a source domain for the development of intensifiers. The study shows that due to their marked pragmatic power and the processes of desemanticization and grammaticalization taboo words can gradually develop into adverbial items expressing a more grammatical and pragmatic function of intensification.

The paper deals with the peculiarities of public advertising focusing on its role in the formation of social awareness. As a type of advertising, public advertising has been singled out during the recent years, whereas it has existed for a long time since the beginning of the XX century. Public advertising has a significant role for the society as it reveals social problems, promotes their solution and prevention, as well as forms a system of values within the society. Moreover, public advertising is an effective tool for communication between the government, NGO-s and society.

The present paper seeks to analyze the types and functions of temporal markers in economic events. As is known, time localization is considered to be an inextricable part of any economic event. Real physical time is reflected in the language, maintaining correlation between the objective reality and the information provided. The element under issue is achieved via a wide range of grammatical and lexical means, the use of which is substantially preconditioned by the intentions of the author to directly/indirectly indicate the time of the event. In business news, temporal markers define the reliability and actuality of the given information.

The purpose of this paper is to reveal some semantic peculiarities of the emotion “anger” in the English language. Both common and distinctive features of a number of synonyms of the emotion “anger” are presented on the basis of the various classifications of the emotion.

Tautology seems to be quite a simple topic in the realm of linguistics, yet the understanding and calculation of it is rather complicated for many factors are involved. As is shown in the present paper, the interpretation of tautologies largely depends upon the context, including specific conversational context, the large cultural and language context, and the mutual knowledge between the speakers. It is indicated that, determined by the context, tautological utterances may serve different pragmatic and communicative imports.

The paper presents the history of the linguistic problem of “vertical context”, based on the relevant works of a number of linguists belonging to different generations and linguistic schools. Various classifications of allusive figures of speech, as well as the principal sources of quotations are introduced. An attempt is made to compare the relevant conclusions and terminology of the representatives of the Russian and Armenian linguistic schools with those of the scholars of western linguistic ones.

The paper studies the semantic structure of polysemantc prepositions. In particular the author analyses how causative meaning develops in semantics of spatial and temporal prepositions. The research shows that the semantic component ‘barrier’ is present in the semantic structures of all mentioned prepositions. Moreover, in human mentality it is associated with ‘cause’, which has a negative evaluation in many contexts.

The study of human body perception and its conceptualization in language is considered as one of highly discussed issues in modern linguistics. The paper presents the notion of “body anthropology” and discusses various theories existing in social sciences (philosophy, culture studies, linguistics) regarding representation of body image and body scheme. Idiomatic expressions from Armenian, English and Russian encompassing various body parts, like eye, head, heart, hand, foot, etc. are being considered. Special attention is paid to the representation of the concept “eye” in all these languages.

Тhe paper reveals the relationship between sincerity and the speech acts used by the politicians. Sincerity in political discourse is one of the conditions for the successful communication, it is one of the most significant ways of increasing the impact on the audience. Breach of sincerity can destroy the reputation of a politician.

The paper focuses on the use of audiovisuals, namely TED talks as a tool to develop listening comprehension. TED talks provide a useful practice for students to expand their learning experiences in authentic contexts. The benefits of exploiting these talks in class are highlighted. The variety of topics enables teachers to integrate the talks into English for Academic Purposes (EAP) / English for Specific Purposes (ESP) classes matching the subject content with course content. Practical applications for the classroom are suggested in the paper.

Language teachers have been using films in their classes for decades, and there are a number of reasons why film is an excellent teaching and learning tool. They provide students with examples of authentic English. Films can bring variety and flexibility to the language classroom by extending the range of teaching techniques and resources, helping students to develop all four communicative skills. A whole film or sequence can be used to practise listening and reading skills, and can serve as a model for speaking and writing. Films can also act as a tool for follow-up tasks such as discussions, debates on different topics, role plays, reconstructing a dialogue or summarizing. In the paper a sample of a film-based lesson with a number of activities worked out by the authors is given.

The paper touches upon the organization of interactive lessons at the Department of Journalism of YSU. This kind of lessons are productive for studying professional material in the English language. At the Department of Journalism interactive lessons can be carried out by conducting interviews in English. During the interactive lessons, students expand their professional and general vocabulary, become more skillful at communicating and conducting interviews in English through personification of interviewers and interviewees from different spheres. The organization of this kind of classes gives an opportunity to the teachers to make the teaching process more productive, motivating their students to work independently and to be creative.

The paper studies the problem of learning Spanish phraseolgical units in higher linguistic university in terms of conceptual or cognitive approach. It defines such notions as “phraseological unit”, “concept”, “intensional”, “implicature”, etc. In general, it represents the cultural component of phraseological units, that acquires new content features in the nearest and remote areas of associative zones and distinguishes the basic functions of phraseological units used for learning/teaching purposes.

The paper deals with the communicative method in teaching Spanish. The extensive use of the method is connected with the significant changes which took place in different linguistic disciplines, whereby the initial perception of language as a system of rules was gradually replaced by language being perceived as a communicative system, attaching importance to its functional and communicative aspects. The research is based on the study of various Spanish textbooks which, being based on the communicative method, highlights the role of the communicative-grammatical methodology in developing textbooks for teaching Spanish as a foreign language.

The teaching process in the global information society requires a more creative approach to education. One of the most effective ways to influence the feelings and emotions of students is music, which is widely used in medicine, education, and in particular foreign language teaching. The paper is devoted to the important role and effectiveness of music in creating positive emotional background for easy perception and memorization of material. Combining not only foreign language songs, but also classical music, it is possible to penetrate into depths of subconsciousness, motivate and boost interest towards cultures of the great classical composers, history, regional studies, thus contributing to students' all-round development, stimulating creative thinking and forming good taste.

Reading comprehension strategy teaching techniques have a great role in the language learning process. To make it easier for the students to comprehend the text, the teacher should guide them, explain what strategies to use, why and when to use the strategies, and how to apply them. The steps of text comprehension are observed in the paper one by one. The system of necessary exercises to complete the steps are mentioned as well.

Foreign language learning is an active and complex process of acquiring knowledge and skills. There exist a number of extralinguistic factors affecting language learning. This paper touches upon factors as motivation, age, memory, cultural awareness and reading fiction as nowadays they play a great role in the communication process.

The aim of the present paper is to discuss the peculiarities of learner-centered approach as a modern and innovative approach to teaching. The importance of embracing it when teaching foreign languages cannot be overestimated. Thanks to the application of the approach students co-operate with one another and get involved in the learning process developing their communicative competence, analytical thinking, as well as decision-making and negotiation skills.

One of the priorities of professional education in Armenia is the knowledge of English and Russian. The method of communicative language teaching is considered most effective in teaching foreign languages for special purposes as it is based on the functional approach. This method is aimed at the acquisition of communicative language skills by the student and at the same time promotes his general professional communicative competence. Both the teaching material and the structure of the course as a whole are intended at the effective fulfillment of the mentioned tasks.

In the present paper the author analyzes the structure of Franz Kafka’s “Diaries” and comes to the conclusion that this structure is comparative, it combines the literary imagination with publicism.

Charles Bukowski’s literary career and life was full of contrasts. Bukowski was a great humanist, a marginal, master of word whose works are full of jargonisms and non-censored expressions. Charles Bukowskis’s principal hero is life itself. His novels and stories were written during the period of “the beat movement”, and they can be truly considered part of this movement. The paper studies the common features and also the specific differences between Charles Bukowski’s works and “the beat movement writers” works in particular those of J. Kerouak who is considered to be the ideological founder of this movement. This comparative analysis is of vital importance as aesthetic principles and outlook of beatniks had a great impact on the formation of Bukowski’s literary attitude. Opposing moral and spiritual values of the American society forms the common ground on which Bukowski’s and beat writers’ ideological standpoint developed.

The paper is devoted to D. H. Lawrence’s theory on “blood-consciousness”, where he presents another type of consciousness, which is independent of the brain system and which leads to an instinctual life. Consciousness, by contrast, gives false information on reality and life.

The paper is devoted to the comparative analysis of the namesake plays (“The Servant of Two Masters”) by the famous Italian and Armenian playwrights Carlo Goldoni and Hakob Paronyan. The study particularly states that the inexperienced and young Armenian playwright tried to make his first dramatic attempt based on the resemblance to the famous comedy by the Italian dramatist and built his comedy narration on that classical plot. Tha author arrived at the conclusion that though the first literary work by Paronyan is still far from being perfect, in other words, from paronyan standards, nonetheless, the dramatic talent of the author, who was just stepping into the literature is undeniable. Paronyan put his characters, who were chosen based on resemblance with goldonian characters, in familiar and well-known situations and endowed them with unique national psychology, that is, in a sense made the famous European play sound Armenian and in fact created his own version of the play.

The paper presents the basic principles and structural features of the philosophical novel by Miguel de Unamuno. The author suggests a distinction between the concepts of building a novel and writing a novel thus he talks about three types of novels: novel as a literary genre, novel as a Nivola which is not an ordinary novel as it has an internal reality, novel as a life because the writer writes about his own life.