| Online ISSN | : | 2953-7991 |
| Print ISSN | : | 1829-1759 |
Vol. 58 No. 2 (263) (2024)
Published:
2024-07-18
Geography
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Geography
FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF SLOPES OF VOLCANIC STRUCTURES OF THE ARMENIAN HIGHLANDS
AbstractThe article identifies the features of the volcanic slopes of the Armenian Highlands, taking into account the fact that their formation and development occurred under conditions of relative moisture deficiency (with the exception of the high-mountain belt). The latter are rather poorly sanctified in the scientific literature, so the author's research to some extent fills the existing gap. The volcanic relief with the corresponding slopes was formed here mainly in the Pliocene-Quaternary period and belongs to the so-called Armenian volcanic Highlands. The formation and development of the volcanic slopes of the highlands has a number of features: relative youth; their rapid formation, which is many times faster than the rate of weathering of volcanogenic rocks; the composition of rocks (lava, pyroclastic material), which is essential in the formation of a slope of a certain morphology; water permeability of volcanogenic rocks; intermediate denudation basis for most volcanic slopes. The slope cover on most volcanic slopes of the highlands as a whole is at the initial stage of formation. The basal horizon prevails mainly and the morphodynamic horizon is less common. The cover horizon is found mainly in the lower, more gentle part of the slope. In the highlands, a parallel retreat of the slopes without significant flattening is noted at the edges of lava flows and plateaus, which directly break off to the riverbed, and the latter manages to remove the collapsed material. Parallel retreat in this case is facilitated by the presence of columnar separations in the lavas.
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Geography
LAND LAW, LAND RELATIONS AND ISSUES OF LAND SURVEY IN HISTORICAL ARMENIA BY WORKS OF S. BAHATREANTS AND H. MUSAELYAN
AbstractStudies of land relations, land law and land survey issues in different eras in Armenia are now more relevant and important than ever. Armenian nakharars, meliks and even peasants for many centuries basically preserved the lands they owned, land titles (in particular, the right of inheritance) and forms of land tenure even during the times of foreign conquests and loss of statehood. The paper focuses on these particular objectives. The presented sources are investigated for the first time from the point of view of land law, land relations, and the history of land management.
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Geography
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SENTINEL-1 SATELLITE RADAR'S IMAGES TO MAP THE RELIEF DISPLACEMENTS IN THE EARTHQUAKE ZONE IN TURKEY ON FEBRUARY 6, 2023
AbstractEarthquakes are one of the dangerous natural phenomena that can not be accurately forecast, so, they are currently among the insufficiently studied. Complex geological and tectonic processes occurring in the bowels of the Earth are the reason for their appearance. The instant released energy at the earthquake source manifests in the form of seismic waves, causing different types of deformations and displacements in the Earth's crust, often changing the shape and appearance of the relief. Unfortunately, strong earthquakes of this type are accompanied by great destruction and enormous human victims. Similar powerful earthquakes can include two earthquakes that were occurred on February 6, 2023 in Turkey, which had catastrophic consequences and resulted in numerous human victims. As science and technology advance, more and more different tools and methods become more available to study natural phenomena. One of these methods are space geophysical methods and tools for studying the atmosphere and the Earth's surface. Remote sensing of the Earth has found wide application in matters of qualitative, quantitative study and analysis of the processes occurring in the Earth's crust and reflected on the Earth's surface. This work focuses on the study of one of these processes. In particular, the methods of Earth observation and remote sensing by synthetic aperture radars on the satellite base are widely used. Modern synthetic aperture radars give as wide range of opportunities for studying the slightest deformations and displacements on the Earth's surface as well as man-made objects The scope of this research is the InSar technique of interferometric processing of radar images derived from the Sentinel-1 satellites. Based on differential interferograms, have been maped the studied area's displacements, expressed in centimeters.
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Geography
COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT ROADSIDE INJURIES THROUGH HIGH-RESOLUTION THREE-DIMENSIONAL LASER SCANNING
AbstractRoadside injuries are a significant concern within transportation infrastructure, necessitating effective monitoring and assessment methodologies. In this study, we introduce a novel approach for evaluating roadside injuries using high-resolution three-dimensional laser scanning systems. Through a meticulous selection process based on road cover characteristics, we implement a localized roadside monitoring methodology. The aim is to accurately identify and assess injuries, leveraging the precise data captured by laser scanning systems. By analyzing this data, we seek to provide practical insights for informing future road surface restoration activities. This research contributes to enhancing the efficiency and precision of roadside injury evaluation, ultimately facilitating improved maintenance and safety measures within transportation networks.
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Geography
THE GEOGRAPHICAL FEATURES OF RURAL SETTLEMENT PATTERN IN MOUNTAINOUS COUNTRIES AND SIGNIFICANCE OF THEIR STUDY (on the example of Republic of Armenia)
AbstractThe article discusses general geographical features of rural settlement pattern in mountainous countries on the example of the Republic of Armenia, substantiates the importance and significance of the geographical study of rural settlement pattern in such areas. The diversity of natural conditions and features of socio-economic development determine the characteristics of rural settlement pattern in mountainous countries.
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Geography
ASSESSMENT OF DEMOGRAPHIC CAPACITY IN THE CONTEXT OF SPATIAL PLANNING
AbstractThe article discusses the issue of demographic capacity assessment in the spatial planning process. Demographic capacity (DC) is the maximum amount of population that can be accommodated in a given area, provided that the daily living requirements of the population are met with local resources, ensuring the ecological balance of the area. The need to calculate the DC stems from the goals and requirements of the proportionately and sustainable development of the area. Due to the complexity of the considered issue, an inventory of the factors determining the DC of the area and justification of their assessment methodology was carried out. DC is a variable quantity that can be changed in the conditions of scientific-technical, socio-economic progress, replenishment of national wealth. In spatial planning, we attach great importance to the integral magnitude of DC assessment. The minimum of the indicators calculated by various factors was accepted as the integrating indicator of the DC. In the article, demographic carrying capacity is calculated according to the following factors: ecological security, territorial opportunities, water resources and recreational resources. As a result of the analysis of private DC, the integrated DC of the studied area is accepted.
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Geography
HUMAN GEOGRAPHY IN MODERN RUSSIA: POTENTIAL AND DEVELOPMENT PRIORITIES
AbstractThe analysis of factors, trends and problematic situations of the development of Human Geography (a special discipline in the system of geographical science focused on the study of spatial determinants and patterns of development of society and its separate components and structures) in Russia in the XXI century is presented. Special attention is paid to the personnel of the Russian Human Geography and its localization. An inventory of priority areas of human-geographical analysis has been carried out. The most important scientific and scientific-practical achievements of Russian human geographers over the past three decades are shown. The problematic situations and barriers to further positive dynamics of research in the field of Human Geography in the Russian Federation are characterized and the tasks and directions for overcoming them are emphasized.
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Geography
"GEOGRAPHY OF FLAGS" OF THE MODERN WORLD STATES
AbstractThe article examined the geographical features of the formation of the flag system of the modern world. As a result, it was established that the first flags had the same combination of colors – white, blue, red. Later flags that emerged can be divided into "continuation flags" and "contrasting flags", but both "continuation flags" and "contrasting flags" relied on earlier flags. Without taking into account the historical and geographical context of the emergence and use of flags, their study hardly makes sense. Identifying this context is itself a very difficult task. What comes out in the end is not always conclusive, but it is always interesting.
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Geography
"WEST AZERBAIJAN" AGAINST EASTERN ARMENIA OR HISTORICAL FALSIFICATION AS A PREFACE TO POLITICAL PROCESSES
AbstractThe great and current role of referencing ancient maps and historical geography is significant not only from a scientific perspective but also from political and source-critical viewpoints. Today, Azerbaijanis are exerting every effort to manipulate, falsify, and propagate a false history, pursuing far-reaching political goals. Our research is based on the work of I. Chopin, which contains the most reliable and comprehensive information about the Armenian Region and the Sevan Lake basin, as well as maps published in different periods, materials from the National Archive of Armenia, and many other sources. In the article, in light of indisputable facts, it becomes evident once again that the claims of today's "neighbor" to Eastern Armenia are unfounded and fabricated.
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Geography
INNOVATIVE URBAN DEVELOPMENT: THE CONCEPT OF "SMART CITY" AND ITS IMPLEMENTATION IN THE U.S.
AbstractAlong with the rapid development of information and communication technologies in the 21st century, implementation of innovative urban development practices and approaches has become a pivotal trend and direction of contemporary urbanization process. Smart cities are considered to be the main practical outcomes of innovative urban development. Meanwhile, the concepts of "smart city" and sustainability are mutually connected and determined: thus, the concept of "smart sustainable city" has emerged to characterize the use of smart and innovative urban technologies for achieving long-term and balanced urban development in socio-economic, institutional, cultural, and environmental aspects. Innovative urban development gets a particular significance for the U.S., taking into account the great share of country's urban population (above 80%), distribution of large and densely-settled urbanized areas across the country, as well as the uniqueness of the factor of urbanization in American lifestyle, economy, and social relations. The theoretical section of this paper is devoted to the study of aforementioned theoretical ideas and peculiarities of innovative urban development smart sustainable cities. It is followed by a practical section, where relevant cases of 5 American smart cities (New York City, San Francisco, Columbus, Austin and Chicago) were studied, compared and summarized.
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Geography
PECULIARITIES OF BUSINESS ACTIVITIES OF HERITAGE AND CULTURE-BASED EXPERIENTIAL TOURISM ENTERPRISES IN THE REPUBLIC OF ARMENIA
AbstractThe article presents the peculiarities of business activities of enterprises operating in the Republic of Armenia (RA) offering heritage- and cultural-based experiential tourism (HCBET) products and services. The article proposes the content of an integrated Business Canvas Model for enterprises engaged in similar activities. The integrated business canvas is based on the study of the cases of the enterprises selected within the framework of the research, according to the following key factors: Thematic areas, Activities/services, Marketing approach, Financing methods, Key success factors and challenges, and Potential for future development. Enterprises, operating in this field, are considered key cells of this kind of tourism development in the RA. Those enterprises are considered social organisms, which, if properly managed and provided with appropriate support, can become the basis for the long-term development of this kind of tourism in the RA. Therefore, it is necessary to systematically present the system of tourism services and products of enterprises included in the HCBET and the generalized model of business activity. It is important to emphasize that HCBET in the RA mainly includes hotel and restaurant businesses that mainly offer experiences based on Armenian intangible cultural heritage.
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Geography
PROBLEMS OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN GEGHARKUNIK REGION
AbstractThe article discusses the issues of sustainable tourism, the development of Gegharkunik Region, as well as the main problems undermining development. The introduction and application of the principles and ideas of sustainable tourism is extremely important in the development of tourism in the region․ Based on the problems hindering the development of sustainable tourism, it is possible to develop a sustainable strategic plan that will be in the interests of the socio-economic development of the region. Gegharkunik Region has unique natural conditions and opportunities for sustainable tourism development, however, the development of the tourism industry is not fully underway, since these resources and opportunities are not used or are partially used in the interests of tourism development. The tourist attraction and interest in these resources are also not fully represented. This article takes as a basis the approach according to which the principles of sustainable development should be taken into account in the development of sustainable tourism in Gegharkunik Region, those of active cooperation of stakeholders in the field, partnerships between the public and private sectors, international and regional cooperation and much more.
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