An Investigation into the Frequency and Patterns of Science Reporting in Three Leading Online Nigerian Newspapers from 2016-2022

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.46991/BYSU:F/2023.14.2.081

Keywords:

Editorial Policies, science communication, Science Journalism Challenges, Science Literacy, Nigerian Online newspapers

Abstract

This study conducts a comprehensive seven-year analysis of science reporting in three prominent Nigerian online newspapers: Vanguard, Daily Sun, and Punch, spanning from 2016 to 2022. Research conducted before has shown that science journalists in Africa face difficulties. These challenges include editors who do not provide enough support and focus too much on politics, low salaries, and not having enough resources to do their work effectively. They also face criticism from scientists for perceived shortcomings in education, interview preparation, reporting accuracy, and ethical concerns regarding payment for information. In view of this, the problem of this study is the need to understand and analyze the frequency and patterns of science reporting in Nigerian newspapers, specifically in Vanguard, Daily Sun, and The Punch, from 2016 to 2022. Utilizing descriptive research methods, the research scrutinizes the frequency of science reports and their percentage relative to general reports in each newspaper. The findings reveal variations among the newspapers, with Vanguard consistently featuring the highest number of science reports. Noteworthy fluctuations are observed from year to year, indicating potential shifts in editorial priorities or public interest in science-related topics. The study underscores the importance of enhancing science reporting efforts in online newspapers to foster scientific literacy and awareness among readers. It emphasizes the necessity of adapting reporting trends to align with evolving public interests and scientific advancements.

Author Biographies

Jimme Matyek, University of Jos

Lecturer, Department of Mass Communication, University of Jos, Jos (Nigeria)

Dongvel Dorothy Maimoko, University of Jos

Lecturer, Department of Mass Communication, University of Jos, Jos (Nigeria)

Thomas Odoh Ochai, Independent researcher

Independent researcher (Nigeria)

References

Abhijit, B. (2012). Science communication through mass media. Retrieved September 6, 2023, from Semantic Scholar website: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Science-Communication-through-Mass-Media-Abhijit/df3daa8bb6d0a1d491c0944a45da38165b51706f

Adeniran, R., & Adenle, G. O. (2012). Science news reportage in selected Nigerian newspapers. Journal of Communication and Media Research, 4(1), 169–176.

Adeyemo, T., & Roper, C. (2022, June). Nigeria. Retrieved from Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism website: https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/digital-news-report/2022/nigeria

Akpan, C. S., Anorue, L. I., & Ukonu, M. O. (2012). An analysis of the influence of the Nigerian mass media on public understanding of climate change. Journal of Alternative Perspectives in the Social Sciences, 4(4), 688–710. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Church-Akpan/publication/365597406_Analysis_of_the_Influence_of_the_Mass_Media_on_ Public_Knowledge_of_Climate_Change/links/63794eda2f4bca7fd0732a1b/Analysis-of-the-Influence-of-the-Mass-Media-on-Public-Knowledge-of-Climate-Change.pdf

Appiah, B., Gastel, B., Burdine, J. N., & Russell, L. H. (2012). The future of science journalism in Ghana: evidence-based perspectives. Journal of Science Communication, 11(01), C04. https://doi.org/10.22323/2.11010304

Apuke, O., & Omar, B. (2020). Newspaper readership pattern among Nigerian university students: Perspectives from mass communication students. Library Philosophy and Practice (E-Journal), 1–21. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac/3950/

Atanesyan, A., Hakobyan, A., & Reynolds, B. (2021). Communicating COVID-19 on social media: The effects of the spiral of silence. Sotsiologicheskoe Obozrenie / Russian Sociological Review, 20(4), 66–85. https://doi.org/10.17323/1728-192x-2021-4-66-85

Basu, T., & Datta, R. (2017). Study of dependency of newspapers on news agency sources regarding science news and all other news in Asia and Africa in the last decade: A comparative study. International Journal of Media, Journalism and Mass Communications, 3(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.20431/2454-9479.0301001

Batta, H. E., Ashong, A. C., & Bashir, A. S. (2013). Press coverage of climate change issues in Nigeria and implications for public participation opportunities. Journal of Sustainable Development, 6(2). https://doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v6n2p56

Batta, H. E., & Iwok, U. (2019). Perception of science communication culture by communication scholars in a periphery nation. The Nigerian Journal of Communication (TNJC), 16(2), 523–550. Retrieved from https://tnjc.org.ng/wp-content/uploads/Vol16N2Full/Perception-of-Science-Communication-Culture.pdf

Batta, H., Ekanem, I., & Udousoro, N. (2014). Techno-Scientific temper of three Nigerian newspapers. Developing Country Studies, 4(26), 57–67. Retrieved from https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/234682147.pdf

Bhandari, P. (2020, May 14). Population vs sample: what’s the difference? Retrieved from Scribbr website: https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/population-vs-sample/

Brodsky, J. (2014). Quick guide to science communication (pp. 1–16). Retrieved from https://www.brown.edu/academics/science-center/sites/brown.edu.academics.science-center/files/uploads/Quick_Guide_to_Science_Communication_0.pdf

Brownell, S. E., Price, J. V., & Steinman, L. (2013). Science communication to the general public: Why we need to teach undergraduate and graduate students this skill as part of their formal scientific training. Journal of Undergraduate Neuroscience Education : JUNE : A Publication of FUN, Faculty for Undergraduate Neuroscience, 12(1), E6–E10. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3852879/

Chikwe, A. (2017). Benzoic acid level in Nigerian soft drinks safe –Food scientists. Daily Sun. Retrieved from https://sunnewsonline.com/benzoic-acid-level-in-nigerian-soft-drinks-safe-food-scientists/

Condit, C. (2004). Science reporting to the public: Does the message get twisted? Canadian Medical Association Journal, 170(9), 1415–1416. https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.1040005

du Plessis, H. (2017). Politics of science communication in South Africa. Journal of Science Communication, 16(03), A03. https://doi.org/10.22323/2.16030203

Dudovskiy, J. (2022). Purposive sampling. Retrieved from Business Research Methodology website: https://research-methodology.net/sampling-in-primary-data-collection/purposive-sampling/

Ferreira, M., Lopes, B., Granado, A., Freitas, H., & Loureiro, J. (2021). Audio-Visual tools in science communication: The video abstract in ecology and environmental sciences. Frontiers in Communication, 6. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomm.2021.596248

Fischhoff, B., & Scheufele, D. A. (2013). The science of science communication. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 110(Supplement_3), 14031–14032. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1312080110

Garbacz, M. (2023). What is science literacy and why is it important? Retrieved from sdn.unl.edu website: https://sdn.unl.edu/article/what-science-literacy-and-why-it-important

Google. (2023). Build and submit a sitemap | google search central | documentation. Retrieved from Google Developers website: https://developers.google.com/search/docs/crawling-indexing/sitemaps/build-sitemap

Goswami, M. P. (2018). Mass media and science communication. In Mediascpe in 21st Century (pp. 211–217). Kanishka Publisher. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/326655357_Mass_Media_and_Science_Communication

Guenther, L. (2019). Science journalism. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Communication. https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228613.013.901

Guenther, L., & Joubert, M. (2021). Novel interfaces in science communication: Comparing journalistic and social media uptake of articles published by The Conversation Africa. Public Understanding of Science, 30, 1041–1057. https://doi.org/10.1177/09636625211019312

Harmatiy, O. (2021).Communication in the mass media as a part of scientists’ professional communication. Innovation in Science: Global Trends and Regional Aspect, 136–139. Baltija Publishing. https://doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-050-6-39

Hetherington, E. D., & Phillips, A. A. (2020). A scientist’s guide for engaging in policy in the United States. Frontiers in Marine Science, 7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.00409

Isaac, A., & Roper, C. (2021). Nigeria: Digital news report. Retrieved from Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism website: https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/digital-news-report/2021/nigeria

Johnson, J. (2023). Nigeria: Number of internet users 2023 | statistic. Retrieved from Statista website: https://www.statista.com/statistics/183849/internet-users-nigeria/

Kennedy, B., & Hefferon, M. (2019, March 28). What Americans know about science. Retrieved from Pew Research Center Science & Society website: https://www.pewresearch.org/science/2019/03/28/what-americans-know-about-science/

Kitzinger, J. (2006). The role of media in public engagement (J. Turney, Ed.). Retrieved September 6, 2023, from orca.cardiff.ac.uk website: https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/82422/

Lublinski, J., Reichert, I., Denis, A., Fleury, J.-M., Labassi, O., & Spurk, C. (2014). Advances in African and Arab science journalism: Capacity building and new newsroom structures through digital peer-to-peer support. Ecquid Novi: African Journalism Studies, 35(2), 4–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/02560054.2014.919945

Mach, K. J., Salas Reyes, R., Pentz, B., Taylor, J., Costa, C. A., Cruz, S. G., … Klenk, N. (2021). News media coverage of COVID-19 public health and policy information. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 8(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-021-00900-z

Maher, Z., Khorasgani, A. R., & Hashemianfar, S. A. (2015). Investigating citizens experience of public communication of science (PCS) and the role of media in contributing to this experience. Global Media Journal, 13(24). Retrieved from https://www.globalmediajournal.com/open-access/investigating-citizens-experience-of-public-communication-of-science-pcs-and-the-role-of-media-in-contributing-to-this-experience.php?aid=54893

Marín-González, E., Malmusi, D., Camprubí, L., & Borrell, C. (2016). The role of dissemination as a fundamental part of a research project. International Journal of Health Services, 47(2), 258–276. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020731416676227

McCombes, S. (2019). Descriptive research design | definition, methods and examples. Retrieved from Scribbr website: https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/descriptive-research/

Moore, A. (2006). Bad science in the headlines. Who takes responsibility when science is distorted in the mass media? EMBO Reports, 7(12), 1193–1196. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.embor.7400862

Nakkazi, E. (2012). The rise of African science journalism. Retrieved September 4, 2023, from SciDev.net website: https://www.scidev.net/global/features/the-rise-of-african-science-journalism-1/

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. (2017, March 8). The complexities of communicating science. Retrieved from Nih.gov website: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK425719/

Obinna, C. (2023). Misdiagnosis in individuals with haemoglobinopathy can ruin lives — experts warn lab scientists. Vanguard. Retrieved from https://www.vanguardngr.com/2023/07/misdiagnosis-in-individuals-with-haemoglobinopathy-can-ruin-lives-experts-warn-lab-scientists/

Obot, C., Batta, H., Nda, I., & Ekeanyanwu, N. (2022). Coverage of science, technology, and innovation by major broadcast networks in nigeria: An exploratory survey. European Scientific Journal, ESJ, 18(22), 119–139. https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2022.v18n22p119

Ogundepo, J. (2023, November 7). Scientists advocate natural health remedies. Punch Newspapers. Retrieved from https://punchng.com/scientists-advocate-natural-health-remedies/

Rozansky, M. (2017, July 31). Public trust in science spiked after news reports of zika vaccine trial. Retrieved September 7, 2023, from The Annenberg Public Policy Center of the University of Pennsylvania website: http://www.annenbergpublicpolicycenter.org/public-trust-in-science/

Rull, V. (2014). The most important application of science. EMBO Reports, 15(9), 919–922. https://doi.org/10.15252/embr.201438848

Schäfer, M. S. (2008). From public understanding to public engagement. Science Communication, 30(4), 475–505. https://doi.org/10.1177/1075547008326943

Schäfer, M. S. (2011). Sources, characteristics and effects of mass media communication on science: A review of the literature, current trends and areas for future research. Sociology Compass, 5(6), 399–412. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-9020.2011.00373.x

Slater, M. J., Scholfield, E. R., & Moore, J. C. (2021). Reporting on science as an ongoing process (or not). Science and Environmental Communication, 5(0). https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomm.2020.535474

Texas A&M School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences. (2023). About STJR. Retrieved September 4, 2023, from Science & Technology Journalism website: https://vetmed.tamu.edu/stjr/about-stjr/

Tomori, O. (2023, March 5). Nigeria needs to take science more seriously - an agenda for the new president. Retrieved December 11, 2023, from The Conversation website: https://theconversation.com/nigeria-needs-to-take-science-more-seriously-an-agenda-for-the-new-president-200748

Tran, M., & Nguyen, A. (2023). Besieged from all sides: impediments to science journalism in a developing country and their global implications. Journal of Science Communication, 22(4), A04. https://doi.org/10.22323/2.22040204

UNESCO. (2013, June 6). Science for society. Retrieved from UNESCO website: https://en.unesco.org/themes/science-society

Ventura, A. K. (2019, June 6). Modern science and its technologies are a cause and a cure for contemporary poverty | UNCTAD. Retrieved from unctad.org website: https://unctad.org/news/modern-science-and-its-technologies-are-cause-and-cure-contemporary-poverty

Walker, G., Bantsi, L. B., Bukhosini, S., Chikundi, K., Dusrath, A., Kafeero, M., … Tsie, P. (2020). Models to build capacity for African science centres and science communication: needs and assets. Journal of Science Communication, 19(1), A05. https://doi.org/10.22323/2.19010205

Downloads

Published

2023-12-25

How to Cite

Matyek, J., Maimoko, D. D., & Ochai, T. O. (2023). An Investigation into the Frequency and Patterns of Science Reporting in Three Leading Online Nigerian Newspapers from 2016-2022. Journal of Sociology: Bulletin of Yerevan University, 14(2 (38), 81–106. https://doi.org/10.46991/BYSU:F/2023.14.2.081

Issue

Section

Sociology of Communications