Южный газовый коридор и политика США на Южном Кавказе
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46991/BYSU:D/2022.sp1.036Ключевые слова:
Южный Кавказ, Южный газовый коридор, США, ЕС, Азербайджан, Армения, Турция, Россия, геополитика, региональная безопасность, энергетическая стратегияАннотация
- В статье анализируется политика США на Южном Кавказе в контексте реализации проекта «Южный газовый коридор». После распада Советского Союза в 1991 году энергетическая геополитика была одним из ключевых столпов, определяющих региональную политику США на Южном Кавказе. Стратегической целью США было облегчить транспортировку каспийской нефти и газа на европейские рынки в обход России. США сыграли жизненно важную роль в содействии строительства нефтепровода Баку-Тбилиси-Джейхан и газопровода Баку-Тбилиси-Эрзурум. С середины 2000-х годов США приложили значительные усилия для запуска «Южного газового коридора», который предусматривал транспортировку азербайджанского газа на рынок Европы по Трансанатолийскому и Трансадриатическому газопроводам. Южный газовый коридор начал работу в конце декабря 2020 года и в конечном итоге обеспечит Италию, Болгарию и Грецию 10 млрд кубометров газа. Несмотря на то, что Азербайджан не обладает достаточными запасами газа, чтобы бросить вызов позициям «Газпрома» в Европе, США рассматривают проект Южного газового коридора как значительный вклад в создание альтернативных маршрутов транспортировки энергии в Европу.
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