COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE CONTENT OF ANTHOCYANINS IN THE FRUITS OF BLUEBERRIES, BLACKBERRIES AND BLACKCURRANTS. DEVELOPMENT OF A TECHNOLOGICAL METHOD FOR OBTAINING PARTIALLY PURIFIED NEW-GALENIC EXTRACTS

Abstract

The work is devoted to a comparative study of the content of anthocyanins in the fruits of blueberries, blackberries and blackcurrants to develop a technological method for producing partially purified extracts. The latter, due to the significant content of anthocyanins, compounds with antioxidant, antiaggregate, angioprotective, anti-inflammatory activities stipulate their use in the complex therapy of ophthalmic diseases (myopia, age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy). The objects of the study were fresh natural fruits of common blueberries (Vaccinium myrtillus L.), blackberries (Rubus caesius L.) and blackcurrants (Ribes nigrum L.) collected in the foothill landscapes of the city of Aparan of the Republic of Armenia, harvested in 2022. The purpose of this study was to determine the comparative indicators of the quality and content of anthocyanins in fresh fruit extracts by direct spectrometry and obtain environmentally friendly extracts with the lowest content of macro- (Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, Mg, etc.) and microelements (Mn, Co, Cd, V, Se, Cr, As, Pb, etc.) by ion-exchange sorption and desorption. It has been shown that the highest content of the total amount of anthocyanins in terms of cyanidin-3-O-glycoside is determined in the juice of fresh blueberries in an acidic medium at an analytical wavelength of 546 nm – 4.21 ± 0.18%. At the same time, the completeness of extraction of anthocyanins (≥ 95%) from blueberries is achieved at a ratio of raw material to extractant (95% EtOH, 1% HCl) 1 : 50 and when heated in a boiling water bath for 40 min. It has been shown that the content of these macro- and microelements in the extracts after ion-exchange sorption and desorption with Ku-2×8 (H⁺) cation exchanger does not exceed the permissible limits.